The 500 Most Influential Muslims

The 500 Most Influential Muslims

The cover of the 2009 edition
Author	John L. Esposito, Ibrahim Kalın, Usra Ghazi, Prince Alwaleed Center for Muslim–Christian Understanding
Country	United Kingdom
Language	English
Series	1st Edition (2009) 2nd Edition (2010) 3rd Edition (2011) 4th Edition (2012) 5th Edition (2013/14) 6th Edition (2014/15) 7th Edition (2016)
Subject	Biographical dictionary
Genre	Non-fiction
Publisher	Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre, Createspace
Publication date	January 16, 2009
Media type	Online, print
Pages	206
ISBN	978-9957-428-37-2
OCLC	514462119
Website	www.themuslim500.com

The 500 Most Influential Muslims (also known as The Muslim 500) is an annual publication first published in 2009, which ranks the most influential Muslims in the world.

The publication is compiled by the Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre in Amman, Jordan.^[1][2][3] The report is issued annually in cooperation with Prince Al-Waleed Bin Talal Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding at Georgetown University in the United States.^[2]

Overview

The publication highlights people who are influential as Muslims. That is people whose influence is derived from their practice of Islam or from the fact that they are Muslim.^[4] Nominations are evaluated on the basis of the influence that particular Muslims have had within the Muslim community and the manner in which their influence has benefited the Muslim community, both within the Islamic world and in terms of representing Islam to non-Muslims.^[5] "Influential" for the purposes of the book is defined as "any person who has the power (be it cultural, ideological, financial, political or otherwise) to make a change that will have a significant impact on the Muslim World".^[6][7]

The publication defines eligible entries with the following: "Traditional Islam (96% of the world's Muslims): Also known as Orthodox Islam, this ideology is not politicized and largely based on consensus of correct opinion—thus including the Sunni, Shi'a, and Ibadi branches of practice (and their subgroups) within the fold of Islam, and not groups such as the Druze or the Ahmadiyya, among others."^[8]

The book starts with an overall top 50, ranked the most influential Muslims in the world. The remaining 450 most prominent Muslims is broken down into 15 categories without ranking,^[9][10] of scholarly, political, administrative, lineage, preachers and spiritual guides, women, youth, philanthropy/charity, development, science and technology, arts and culture, Qu'ran reciters, media, radicals, international Islamic networks and issues of the day.^[11] Each year the biographies are updated.^[3]

The publication also gives an insight into the different ways that Muslims impact the world and also shows the diversity of how people are living as Muslims today.^[9] The book's appendices comprehensively list populations of Muslims in nations worldwide, and its introduction gives a snapshot view of different ideological movements within the Muslim world, breaking down clearly distinctions between traditional Islam and recent radical innovations.^[12]

Publications

2009 edition

In 2009, the book was edited by Professors John L. Esposito and Ibrahim Kalin at Georgetown University in Washington.^[13]

The 500 most influential Muslims were chosen largely in terms of their overt influence.^[12] The top 50 is dominated by religious scholars^[14] and either heads of state, which automatically gives them an advantage when it comes to influence, or they have inherited their position. Lineage is a significant factor – it has its own category – and the predisposition to include children of important people reveals a mindset that indicates achievement is an optional extra.^[4] The top 50 fits into six broad categories as follows: 12 are political leaders (kings, generals, presidents), four are spiritual leaders (Sufi shaykhs), 14 are national or international religious authorities, three are "preachers", six are high-level scholars, 11 are leaders of movements or organizations.^[12]

The book has given the first place to King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz of Saudi Arabia. Second place went to Ayatollah Syed Ali Khamenei, the spiritual leader of Iran. King Mohammed VI of Morocco found third place and King Abdullah II Al-Hussain of Jordan occupied fourth place. Fifth place went to Turkey's Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.^[13]

The first solely religious leader is Iraq's Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani in seventh place. Fethullah Gülen came 13th. The heads of Hezbollah; Seyyed Hassan Nasrallah listed 17th and Hamas Khaled Mashaal listed 34th.

The highest-ranking American (and highest-ranking convert) at 38th place was Sheikh Hamza Yusuf Hanson, founder of the Zaytuna Institute in Berkeley, California. Right after him comes the highest-ranking European, Sheikh Mustafa Cerić, grand mufti of Bosnia and Herzegovina.^[15]

In total 72 Americans are among the 500, a disproportionately strong showing.^[12] Timothy Winter (Abdal Hakim Murad) was the highest ranked British Muslim, in an unspecified position between 51st and 60th, considerably higher than the three other British people who made the list – the Conservative Party chairman Baroness Sayeeda Warsi; the UK's first Muslim life peer, Lord Nazir Ahmed; and Dr Anas Al Shaikh Ali, director of the International Institute of Islamic Thought.^[16]

The women featured had a separate section from the men.^[4] There were only three women listed in the top 50. Sheikha Munira al-Qubaysi (number 21), an educator of girls and women; Queen Rania of Jordan (number 37), who promotes global education; and Sheikha Mozah bint Nasser Al Missned of Qatar (number 38), who is chairwoman of the Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development.^[10]

The listing also includes an extensive Arts and Culture Section. The general Arts and Culture Section included the names of singers Salif Keita, Youssou N'Dour, Raihan, Yusuf Islam and Sami Yusuf, Dawud Wharnsby; musician A. R. Rahman (India); film star Shahrukh Khan; comedian Azhar Usman and martial artist Ma Yue. All the Qāriʾs (Quran reciters) listed in the book are from Saudi Arabia.^[13]

Foreign Policy magazine's Marc Lynch stated, "Esposito and Kalin's methodology seems strange. Any list in which the Sultan of Oman (Qaboos bin Said al Said, who was sixth) outranks, say, Turkish preacher Fethullah Gülen (placed 13th) or the Aga Khan (Aga Khan IV, who was placed 20th) seems odd to this observer..."^[17]

2010 edition

In 2010, Saudi King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz topped the list as the most influential Muslim in the world for the second consecutive year. Ayatollah Syed Ali Khamenei maintained second place. Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan moved into third place. Jordanian King Abdullah II was placed fourth above Moroccan King Mohammed VI who moved down to fifth place.

2011 edition

In 2011, achievements of a lifetime were given more weight than achievements within the current year. which meant that the lists of names were going to change gradually, rather than dramatically, year-on-year. The Arab Spring had no impact on Saudi King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia's influence, it had boosted King Mohammed VI of Morocco's influence, who moved up to second place, and it had no effect on Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan who came in third place.^[2]

Erdoğan was expected by many to receive the top spot in light of the Arab Spring. Erdoğan was credited with Turkey's "Muslim democracy", and was seen as the leader of a country that, as the Brookings Institution said, "played the 'most constructive' role in the Arab events."^[18]

Emir of Qatar Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani influence rose during the Arab Spring, moving him to sixth place. He had driven much of the Arab Spring through the coverage given by Al Jazeera, given financial support to protesters and political support to Libya, making him arguably the biggest enabler of the Arab Spring.^[19]

2012 edition

In 2012, the edition was published by S. Abdallah Schleifer, Professor Emeritus and Senior Fellow Kamal Adham Center for Television & Digital Journalism, The American University in Cairo.^[7]

There were more Muslims from America than any other country again with 41 spots on the 500 list. Countries with the next highest number of names were Egypt, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and the United Kingdom, with 25 Muslims each, followed by Indonesia, with 24.^[20] It lists the winners according to 13 categories, including spiritual guides, Quran reciters, scholars, politicians, celebrities, sports figures, radicals, and media leaders.^[1][21]

For the fourth year running, Saudi King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz topped the list. He was followed by Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan at second place.^[14] Erdoğan's advance gave him advantage over Moroccan King Mohammed VI who took the third place. Fourth place went to Dr Mohammed Badie, whose name appeared in the top 10 for the first time. He was followed by Qatari Emir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani who took the fifth place. Sheikh Al-Azhar Dr. Ahmad el-Tayeb and prominent Islamic scholar Dr. Yusuf al-Qaradawi who is President of Global Association of Muslim Scholars, also made it to the top 10 ranks.^[9]

The Clarinet Projected reported that they considered seven of the top ten to be "Islamists".^[22]

2013/14 edition

In 2013, the list was edited once again by Professor Emeritus S. Abdallah Schleifer of the American University in Cairo.^[23]

The top of the list went to Sheikh Ahmed el-Tayeb, the Grand Sheikh of the Al Azhar University for the prominent role played by him in Egypt's troubled democratic transition^[24] His astute decision making over the past couple of years has preserved the traditional approach of Al-Azhar which faced threats from Islamists and Salafis in the years that have followed Mubarak's fall.^[25] His public support of General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi's coup also gave it a strong religious grounding that was necessary for it to achieve the legitimacy needed to prevent a civil war, effectively making him a "king-maker" and cementing his place at the top of the list.^[23] He was followed on the listing by Saudi King Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz Al-Saud and Iranian Grand Leader Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Khamenei.^[24]

Reflective of the wider trajectory of the Arab Spring, this year's list showed a decline in influence from Muslim Brotherhood associated figures Dr Mohammed Badie, Sheikh Yusuf al Qaradawi and ousted Egyptian President Mohamed Morsi. Coup kingpin General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi who was previously unlisted now ranks at 29.^[24]

The US dominates the list again with 41 inclusions including Muhammad Ali, Dr Mehmet Oz, Rep. Keith Ellison, Yasiin Bey (Mos Def), and Fareed Zakaria. Representing the UK are Mo Farah, Yusuf Islam, Riz Khan, Baroness Sayeeda Warsi, Cambridge's Dr Timothy Winter and 18 others.^[25]

2014/2015 edition

In 2014, the chief editor of the list was again Professor S Abdallah Schleifer. The top spot went back to Saudi King Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz al-Saud, due to his being the "absolute monarch of the most powerful Arab nation." The list accords him the place in light of Saudi Arabia being home to Islam's two holy cities of Makkah and Madinah, which millions of Muslims visit throughout the year, as well as the kingdom's oil exports. Rounding out the top three are Dr Muhammad Ahmed al-Tayeb, grand sheikh of Al-Azhar University and grand imam of Al-Azhar mosque, and Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. The top nine are all political leaders and royals, including Morocco's King Mohammed VI and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan.^[26]

The top 50 fit into six broad categories: 12 are political leaders (kings, generals, presidents), four are spiritual leaders (Sufi shaykhs), 14 are national or international religious authorities, three are "preachers", six are high-level scholars, 11 are leaders of movements or organizations. In total 72 Americans are among the 500 most influential Muslims, a disproportionately strong showing, but only one among the top 50, Sheikh Hamza Yusuf Hanson of Zaytuna Institute listed at number 38.^[12]

2016 edition

In 2015, the top 50 was again dominated by religious scholars and heads of state. The top five, was King Abdullah of Jordan; Ahmed el-Tayeb, the grand sheikh of Egypt's Al-Azhar University; King Salman of Saudi Arabia; Iran's supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei; and King Mohammed VI of Morocco. Turkish President Recept Tayyip Erdogan came in at Number eight, but surprisingly Syrian President Bashar al-Assad did not make the Top 50 this year or last, though he is still listed in the 500. The prime minister of Iraq did not make the list, but Iraq's Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Hussein Sistani did, coming in at number nine.^[27]

There was 32 newcomers to the 2016 list.^[27] 22 Indians featured on the list.^[28][29][30] As in past years, there continued to be more Muslims from the United States than any other country. Since at least 2012, the U.S. has outpaced nations with a far larger Muslim population, with at least 40 notable people of influence, with Pakistan (33), Saudi Arabia (32), Egypt (27) and the UK (27).^[27]

Current top ten

Rank	Change	Name	Citizenship	Age	Image	Occupation	Source of Influence	Influence	School of Thought	Previous rankings
1	3	King Abdullah II of Jordan	Jordan	January 30, 1962		King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan	Political, Lineage	King with authority over approximately 7 million Jordanians and outreach to Traditional Islam. Custodian of the Holy Sites in Jerusalem.	Traditional Sunni	4 (2009) 4 (2010) 4 (2011) 7 (2012) 3 4 (2013/14) 3 4 (2014/15)
2		Sheikh Ahmad Muhammad El-Tayeb	Egypt	January 1, 1946		Grand Sheikh of the Al-Azhar University and Grand Imam of the Al-Azhar Mosque	Administrative	Highest scholarly authority for a majority of Sunni Muslims, runs the foremost and largest Sunni Islamic university with close to 400,000 students.	Traditional Sunni	25 (2009) 7 (2010) 18 7 (2011) 8 (2012) 1 1 (2013/14) 7 2 (2014/15) 1
3		King Salman bin Abdul-Aziz Al-Saud	Saudi Arabia	December 31, 1935		King of Saudi Arabia and Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques	Political	King with authority over 26 million residents of Saudi Arabia and approximately 14 million pilgrims annually.	Moderate Salafi	Unlisted (2009) Unlisted (2010) Unlisted (2011) Unlisted (2012) Unlisted (2013/14) Unlisted (2014/15)
4	1	Grand Ayatollah Ali Khamenei	Iran	July 17, 1939		Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran	Political, Administrative	Supreme Leader of 77.7 million Iranians.	Traditional Twelver Shi‘a, Revolutionary Shi'ism	2 (2009) 3 (2010) 1 5 (2011) 2 6 (2012) 1 3 (2013/14) 3 3 (2014/15)
5		King Mohammed VI of Morocco	Morocco	August 21, 1963		King of Morocco	Political, Administrative, Development	King with authority over 32 million Moroccans.	Traditional Sunni, Maliki	3 (2009) 5 (2010) 2 2 (2011) 3 3 (2012)1 5 (2013/14) 2 5 (2014/15)
6	2	Qaboos bin Said al Said	Oman	November 18, 1940		Sultan of Oman	Lineage, Political, Development	Leader of 4 million citizens and residents of Oman.	Traditional Ibadi	6 (2009) 6 (2010) 9 (2011) 3 12 (2011) 3 9 (2013/14) 3 8 (2014/15) 1
7	2	H.H. General Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan	UAE	March 11, 1961		Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces	Administration of Religious Affairs, Philanthropy, Charity and Development, Political	Military and political leadership.	Traditional Sunni	22 (2009) 22 (2010) 18 (2011) 4 15 (2012) 3 10 (2013/14) 5 9 (2014/15) 1
8	2	Recep Tayyip Erdoğan	Turkey	February 26, 1954		Prime Minister of the Republic of Turkey	Political	Leads government of 75.7 million Turkish citizens.	Traditional Sunni	5 (2009) 2 (2010) 3 3 (2011) 1 2 (2012) 1 6 (2013/14) 4 6 (2014/15)
9	2	Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Hussein Sistani	Iraq	August 4, 1940		Marja' of the Hawza, Najaf, Iraq	Scholarly, Lineage	Highest authority for 21 million Iraqi Shi‘a, and also internationally as religious authority to Usuli Twelver Shi‘a.	Traditional Twelver Shi‘a, Usuli	7 (2009) 8 (2010) 1 10 (2011) 2 13 (2011) 3 8 (2013/14) 5 7 (2014/15) 1
10		Amir Hajji Muhammad Abd Al Wahhab	Pakistan	1923 (age 92–93)		Leader of the Pakistan chapter of the Tablighi Jamaat	Administration of Religious Affairs, Scholarly	Leader of an international organization with chapters in 120 countries and annual conferences that attract million.	Hanafi, Sunni	15 (2009) 16 (2010) 1 16 (2011) 17 (2012) 1 13 (2013/14) 4 10 (2014/15) 3

Previous top ten entrants

Rank	Change	Name	Citizenship	Age	Image	Occupation	Source of Influence	Influence	School of Thought	Previous rankings
15	1	Hodjaefendi Muhammet Fethullah Gülen	Turkey	April 27, 1941		Turkish Muslim preacher and founder of the Gülen movement	Scholarly	Figure of spiritual and social leadership for millions of Turkish Muslims and others around the world.	Traditional Sunni	13 (2009) 13 (2011) 15 (2011) 2 10 (2011) 5 11 (2013/14) 1 14 (2014/15) 3
16	1	Sheikh Ali Gomaa	Egypt	March 3, 1953		Grand Mufti of The Arab Republic of Egypt	Scholarly, Political	Legal authority for 87 million Egyptians.	Traditional Sunni, Shafi‘i	10 (2009) 10 (2010) 12 (2011) 2 14 (2013/14) 2 15 (2014/15) 1
32	1	Sheikh Yusuf al-Qaradawi	Qatar	September 9, 1926		Head of the International Union of Muslim Scholars	Scholarly	Leading scholar for global Muslim Brotherhood movement, host of Ash-Shariah wal-Hayat on Al Jazeera with 40 million viewers worldwide.	Muslim Brotherhood, Salafi	9 (2009) 14 (2010) 5 13 (2011) 1 16 (2013/14) 3 31 (2014/15) 15
Top 450		Dr Mohammed Badie	Egypt	August 7, 1943		Supreme Guide of the Muslim Brotherhood	Administrative, Political, International Islamic Networks	Leader of a transnational movement in Egypt and across the Middle East, Africa, the United Kingdom, and United States.	Sunni, Muslim Brotherhood	Unlisted (2009) 12 (2010) 8 (2011) 4 4 (2012) 4 36 (2013/14) 32 Top 450 (2014/15) 414
Unlisted		Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani	Qatar	January 1, 1952		Emir of Qatar	Political, Administrative, Lineage, Philanthropy	Political leader of over 1.5 million residents of oil-rich Qatar.	Moderate Salafi	Unlisted (2009) 21 (2010) 6 (2011) 15 5 (2011) 1 Unlisted (2013/14) Top 450 (2014/15)
Unlisted		President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono	Indonesia	September 9, 1949		President of Indonesia	Political, Development	Leader of 233.5 million citizens and residents of Indonesia.	Traditional Sunni	Unspecified (2009) 9 (2010) 11 (2011) 2 9 (2011) 2 7 (2013/14) 2 Unlisted (2014/15)
Unlisted	Deceased	King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz	Saudi Arabia	August 1, 1924 – January 23, 2015 (aged 90)		King of Saudi Arabia and Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques	Political, Administrative, Lineage	King who had authority over 26 million residents of Saudi Arabia, 2.4 million Hajj pilgrims and approximately 14 million Umrah pilgrims annually.	Moderate Salafi	1 (2009) 1 (2010) 1 (2011) 1 (2012) 2 (2013/14) 1) 1 (2014/15) 1

See also

• Forbes list of The World's Most Powerful People
• The Muslim 100
• Who's Who

References

1. Sacirbey, Omar (November 29, 2012). "World's '500 Most Influential Muslims' 2012 Dominated By U.S.". The Huffington Post. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
2. "World’s 500 Most Influential Muslims". OnIslam. December 3, 2011. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
3. Sacirbey, Omar (November 27, 2012). "'The Muslim 500: The World's Most Influential 500 Muslims'". PR Newswire. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
4. Butt, Riazat (November 19, 2009). "The world's most influential Muslims?". The Guardian. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
5. Hasni, Areeb (May 9, 2012). "The Top 500 Most Influential Muslims: Nominations open for 2012!". The News Tribe. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
6. Fitriat, Afia R (December 5, 2012). "Accomplished Women in 500 Most Influential Muslims 2012". Aquila Style. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
7. Swier, Dr. Richard (January 24, 2013). "Who are the 10 Most Influential Muslims in the World?". WatchdogWire. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
8. Alim, Abdul (November 29, 2012). "World’s ‘500 Most Influential Muslims’ 2012 Dominated By U.S.". The Muslim Times. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
9. Yasin, Susan (November 24, 2012). "World’s 500 Most Influential Muslims". OnIslam.net. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
10. Haqqie, Azra (November 26, 2012). "Making the ’500 Most Influential Muslims’ this year". timesunion.com. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
11. "500 Most Influential Muslims: Science and Technology". Examiner.com. December 29, 2009.
12. James, Adil (November 17, 2009). "Muslim 500 – A Listing of the 500 Most Influential Muslims in the World". The Muslim Observer. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
13. "Book lists '500 Most Influential Muslims': Top 20 inclusions seem to be less convincing and dictated". Islamic Voice. December 2009. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
14. Moosa, Ebrahim (December 4, 2012). "Nine South Africans on 500 Most Influential Muslims list". Cii Broadcasting. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
15. Heneghan, Tom (November 17, 2009). "POLL: The world’s top 500 Muslims? Read and vote". Reuters. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
16. "Timothy Winter: Britain's most influential Muslim - and it was all down to a peach". The Independent. August 20, 2010. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
17. Ungerleider, Neal (November 19, 2009). "The world’s 500 most influential Muslims". True/Slant. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
18. Leslie, Liz (November 29, 2011). "World’s 500 Most Influential Muslims". Muslim Voices. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
19. Heneghan, Tom (November 28, 2011). "World’s top Muslims list appears with Erdogan only #3. Who should be #1?". Reuters. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
20. Renouard, Chelynne (December 3, 2012). "U.S. dominates list of world’s ’500 Most Influential Muslims’". Deseret News. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
21. Sacirbey, Omar (November 28, 2012). "World's '500 Most Influential Muslims' 2012 Dominated By U.S.". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
22. Munro, Ryan (December 3, 2012). "7 of Top 10 'World’s Most Influential Muslims' Are Islamists". The Clarion Project. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
23. "Influencing Muslims: The 500 Most Influential Muslims". PR Newswire. December 2, 2013. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
24. "2013 list of ‘World’s Most Influential Muslims’ released". Cii Broadcasting. November 27, 2013. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
25. "Influencing Muslims: The 500 Most Influential Muslims". CNW Group. December 2, 2013. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
26. Ansari, Saffiya (October 3, 2014). "Politics to pop royalty: World’s 500 influential Muslims unveiled". Al Arabiya News. Retrieved January 1, 2014.
27. Harbin, Julie Poucher (October 12, 2015). "World's 500 Most Influential Muslims Highlights Muslim-American Influence". The Huffington Post. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
28. Jafri, Syed Amin (October 13, 2015). "22 Indians among world’s influential Muslims". India: The Times of India. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
29. "The Muslim 500: Most influential Indian Muslims in the world". Catch News. October 4, 2015. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
30. "22 Indians Among 500 Most Influential Muslims". Gulte.com. October 13, 2015. Retrieved November 1, 2015.

External links

• Official website
• The 500 Most Influential Muslims 2009 on Google Books
• The 500 Most Influential Muslims on Facebook
• A Defense of the Powerful: The Muslim 500. The Islamic Monthly. June 18, 2012
• List of “Most Influential Muslims” Illustrates the Problem – and Presents Opportunities. American Islamic Forum for Democracy. November 30, 2012