Thomas Humphrey Cushing

Thomas Humphrey Cushing
Born	December 1755 Pembroke, Massachusetts
Died	October 19, 1822 New London, Connecticut
Allegiance	United States of America
Service/branch	United States Army
Years of service	1776–1784, 1791–1815
Rank	Brigadier General
Commands held	Adjutant General of the U.S. Army Inspector General of the U.S. Army
Battles/wars	American Revolutionary War War of 1812

Thomas Humphrey Cushing (November, 1755 – October 19, 1822) was an officer in the Continental Army, and later the United States Army, and finally became a collector of customs for the port of New London, Connecticut.

Revolutionary War service

Cushing began his military career as a sergeant in the 6th Continental Regiment in January 1776. He was commissioned a 2nd lieutenant in the 1st Massachusetts Regiment in January 1777 and was promoted to 1st Lieutenant in January 1778. He was taken prisoner in May 1781 and was later exchanged. He was breveted to the rank of captain in September 1783. In 1783 Cushing became an original member of the Massachusetts Society of the Cincinnati.

Following the British evacuation of New York City in November 1783, the bulk of the Continental Army was discharged. Cushing was retained in Jackson's Continental Regiment, commanded by Brevet Brigadier General Henry Jackson, and was one of the last officers to be discharged from the Continental Army when the regiment was disbanded on June 20, 1784.

Later military career

On March 4, 1791 Cushing was commissioned a captain in the 2nd Infantry Regiment. On March 3, 1793 he was commissioned as a major in the 1st Sublegion (later re-designated as the 1st Infantry Regiment).

From February 27, 1797 to May 22, 1798 he served as Adjutant and Inspector General of the Army. (From 1792 to 1821 the offices of Adjutant General and Inspector General were combined.) In 1799, he commissioned artist James Peale to create a miniature portrait of himself. On June 15, 1800 he was re-appointed as Adjutant and Inspector General and held the office until April 2, 1807. From 1800 to 1807 he resided in Washington, D.C. .^[1]

Cushing was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the 2nd Infantry on April 1, 1802. He was promoted to colonel of the same regiment on September 7, 1805.^[2]

In early 1811, on the order of Brigadier General Wade Hampton I, Cushing was arrested and court martialed on charges of disobedience to orders and misuse of government funds. The court martial first met on April 26, 1811 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana and was presided over by Colonel Alexander Smyth. It lasted over a year and Cushing was eventually, on May 5, 1812, acquitted on most of the charges and specifications and received no sentence other than an official reprimand.^[3]

War of 1812

Cushing was promoted to the rank of brigadier general on July 2, 1812. During the War of 1812, he served as Adjutant General of the Army from July 6, 1812 to March 12, 1813. He was then assigned as commander of Military District Number 2 (consisting of the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island) with his headquarters at New London, Connecticut. He was in command of forces defending Stonington, Connecticut when it was attacked by a squadron of British warships in August 1814. After the war's end, he retired from the Army on June 30, 1815.

Later life

In January 1816 Cushing was appointed collector of customs for the port of New London, Connecticut, succeeding Jedediah Huntington.

In 1817, Cushing fought a duel with Virginia congressman William J. Lewis and was saved when the bullet struck his watch. The two resolved their differences, and Lewis, stepping up to the general, said: “I congratulate you, general, on having a watch that will keep time from eternity.”

Cushing died in New London in 1822. He was originally buried in the Second Burial Ground in New London but his remains were later relocated to the Cedar Grove Cemetery in the same city.

See also

• List of Adjutant Generals of the U.S. Army
• List of Inspectors General of the U.S. Army

Further reading

• Hampton, Wade (1812). Trial of Col. Thomas H. Cushing. Philadelphia: Moses Thomas. Retrieved 2009-05-06.

Notes

• Drake, Francis S. (1873). Memorials of the Society of the Cincinnati of Massachusetts. Boston: Society of the Cincinnati of Massachusetts. p. 271. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
•  Wilson, James Grant; Fiske, John, eds. (1900). "Cushing, Thomas Humphrey". Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
• Carl Russell Fish (1905). The Civil Service and the Patronage. New York: Longmans, Green, and Co. pp. 54–55.

References

1. Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army, 1789-1903. Volume 1. Francis B. Heitman. pp. 37-38.
2. Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army, 1789-1903. Volume 1. Francis B. Heitman. p. 348.
3. Trial of Col. Thomas H. Cushing before a General Court Martial. Philadelphia. Moses Thomas. 1812.

External links

• "Cushing, Thomas Humphrey". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
• "Portrait of Major Thomas Humphrey Cushing". Indianapolis Museum of Art. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
• Thomas H. Cushing at Find a Grave