Thomas Hope (architect)

Thomas Hope
Born (1757-12-25)December 25, 1757[1]
Kent, England[1]
Died October 4, 1820(1820-10-04) (aged 62)[1]
Boatyard (Kingsport), Tennessee, US
Residence Knoxville, Tennessee, US
Nationality English, American
Occupation architect, house joiner
Years active 1788–1820
Notable work Izard Mansion (Charleston)
Ramsey House (Knoxville)
Statesview (Knoxville)
Trafalgar (Knoxville)
Joseph Strong House (Knoxville)
Rotherwood (Kingsport)
Style Georgian, Federal
Spouse(s) Elizabeth Large
Children Martha Hope
Thomas Hope
David Large Hope
Esther Hope
Ralph Izard Hope
John Hope
Samuel Ramsey Hope
Parent(s) John and Mary Hope

Thomas Hope (December 25, 1757 – October 4, 1820) was an English-born American architect and house joiner, active primarily in Knoxville, Tennessee, during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Trained in London, Hope moved to Knoxville in 1795, where he designed and built several of the city's earliest houses. At least two houses built by Hope— the Ramsey House (1797) in East Knoxville and Statesview (ca. 1806) in West Knoxville— are still standing, and have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[2]

Biography

Hope was born in Kent, England, in 1757, and learned the house construction trade in London. During the 1780s, he moved to Charleston, South Carolina, where he had been hired to build a house for South Carolina planter Ralph Izard. This house stood on Broad Street in Charleston for several decades. During the early 1790s, Hope lived in Cheraw, South Carolina, where he married his wife, Elizabeth Large, in 1793. Hope then moved to Knoxville, which at the time was the capital of the Southwest Territory, in 1795.[1]

Hope's first project in Knoxville was the Ramsey House, or Swan Pond, a two-story Georgian-style house completed in 1797. Hope found ample work in Knoxville, a burgeoning frontier town in need of professional builders. In the decade after completing the Ramsey House, Hope built a house known as "Trafalgar" for planter John Kain, overlooking the Holston River in Knox County. Around 1806, Hope completed the Federal-style Statesview for surveyor Charles McClung in what is now West Knoxville. In 1812, Hope built a house, later known as "Maison de Sante," for Knoxville physician Joseph C. Strong, which stood at the corner of State Street and Cumberland Avenue.[1] In addition to house construction, Hope co-founded a carpenters' guild in Knoxville in 1801.[2]

The original design of the James Park House in Knoxville, built around 1812, is sometimes attributed to Hope.[3] In 1816, Hope received several payments from Thomas Humes (1767–1816), builder of the Lamar House Hotel, suggesting that Hope may have played a role in the hotel's original design (although there is little else to support this).[4] Hope's last project was the original Rotherwood Mansion, built for Presbyterian clergyman Frederick Augustus Ross in what is now Kingsport, Tennessee. After Hope's death in 1820, his son oversaw Rotherwood's completion.[1]

Style

Hope's influences included English architect Christopher Wren (1632–1723) and contemporary American architect Charles Bulfinch.[5] Many of Hope's designs were inspired by William Pain's 1781 book, The Builder's Golden Rule, which Hope carried with him on his various projects.[3] Hope typically used a mix of Georgian and Federal architectural styles, depending on his clients' needs.

Buildings

Hope is known to have built the following:

Furniture

Hope supplied furniture for many of the houses he constructed. A ledger owned by War Department agent David Henley shows that Hope also supplied furniture for Tellico agent Silas Dinsmore in the mid-1790s.[1][6] In his Autobiography, historian J. G. M. Ramsey (1797–1884), the son of Francis Alexander Ramsey, for whom the Ramsey House was built, stated that Hope designed a bookcase and desk for the house's library. Since then, a number of furniture pieces from early Knoxville have been attributed to Hope, including a desk and bookcase once owned by early Knox County settler David Campbell.[6]

While Hope supplied furniture for some of his patrons, whether he made the furniture pieces or merely acquired them is disputed. Furniture historian Ann McPherson states that certain pieces attributed to Hope contain rococo elements unlikely to be used by Hope, and points out the pieces' resemblance to a cabinet-making style that originated in the Winchester, Virginia area in the late eighteenth century.[6]

Legacy

The Ramsey House and Statesview are the only two surviving structures known to have been built by Thomas Hope. The James Park House, which still stands in downtown Knoxville, is sometimes attributed to Hope, although its original design has been modified numerous times. The destruction of the Joseph Strong House in 1971 sparked an outcry from preservationists, and was one of the events that led to the establishment of the Knoxville-area preservation group Knox Heritage.[3]

In 1868, Thomas Hope's great-grandsons, David James Hope and John W. Hope, opened Hope Brothers Jewelry,[1] which operated out of a shop on Gay Street into the twentieth century. In 1897, the Hope brothers erected a 12-foot (3.7 m) street clock in front of their store that remained a landmark in downtown Knoxville for over a century. The Hope Brothers Jewelry Store became Kimball's Jewelry in 1933, and in 2004, Kimball's relocated to West Knoxville, and took the Hope clock with them. The City of Knoxville erected a new street clock to replace the Hope clock in 2007.[7]

In 1924, Hope's great-great-grandson, Albert Guinn Hope (1869–1955), built a house, "Hopecote," on what is now part of the University of Tennessee campus in Knoxville. The house includes a cupboard attributed to Thomas Hope. In 2012, Hopecote was added to the National Register of Historic Places.[8]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 East Tennessee Historical Society, Mary Rothrock (ed.), The French Broad-Holston Country: A History of Knox County, Tennessee (Knoxville, Tenn.: The Society, 1972), pp. 428-429.
  2. 1 2 Lisa Oakley, Thomas Hope. Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture, 2002. Retrieved: 6 August 2010.
  3. 1 2 3 William MacArthur, Jr., Knoxville: Crossroads of the New South (Tulsa, Oklahoma: Continental Heritage Press, 1982), p. 23.
  4. ↑ Dean Novelli, "On a Corner of Gay Street: A History of the Lamar House—Bijou Theater, Knoxville, Tennessee, 1817 – 1985." East Tennessee Historical Society Publications, Vol. 56 (1984), p. 4.
  5. ↑ Elizabeth Bowman Skaggs and Stanley Folmsbee, "The Ramsey House: Home of Francis Alexander Ramsey," Tennessee Historical Quarterly, Vol. XXIV, No. 3 (Fall 1965), p. 204.
  6. 1 2 3 Ann McPherson, "Adaptation and Reinterpretation: The Transfer of Furniture Styles from Philadelphia to Winchester to Tennessee." Chipstone Foundation website. Retrieved: 6 August 2010.
  7. ↑ Jack Neely, New Hope. Metro Pulse, 6 December 2007. Accessed at the Internet Archive, 2 October 2015.
  8. ↑ Gail Guymon, National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form for Hopecote, 9 November 2011. Retrieved: 22 May 2012.

External links

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