Thomas Little Heath

Sir Thomas Little Heath KCB KCVO FRS
Born	October 5, 1861 Barnetby-le-Wold, North Lincolnshire, England
Died	March 16, 1940 (aged 78) Ashtead, Surrey, England
Education	Clifton College
Alma mater	Trinity College, Cambridge
Occupation	British civil servant, mathematician and classical scholar
Notable work	Archimedes: Works The thirteen books of Euclid's Elements (translation) A History of Greek Mathematics (for full list, see below
Spouse(s)	Ada Mary Thomas
Children	Geoffry Thomas Heath Veronica Mary Heath
Parent(s)	Samuel Heath Mary Little
Awards	Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order Fellow of the Royal Society
Notes
[1][2]

Sir Thomas Little Heath KCB KCVO FRS (/hiːθ/; 5 October 1861 – 16 March 1940) was a British civil servant, mathematician, classical scholar, historian of ancient Greek mathematics, translator, and mountaineer. He was educated at Clifton College. Heath translated works of Euclid of Alexandria, Apollonius of Perga, Aristarchus of Samos, and Archimedes of Syracuse into English.

Life

Heath was born in Barnetby-le-Wold, Lincolnshire, England, the son of a farmer, Samuel Heath. He was educated at Caistor Grammar School and Clifton College before entering Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was awarded an ScD in 1896 ^[3] and became an Honorary Fellow in 1920.^[4] In 1884 he took the Civil Service examination and became an Assistant Secretary to the Treasury, becoming Permanent Secretary in 1913. He left the Treasury in 1919 for the National Debt Office, holding a post there until he retired in 1926. He was honoured for his work in the Civil Service by being appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1903, Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1909, and Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in 1916.^[5] He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in May 1912.^[6]

He died in Ashtead, Surrey. He had married professional musician Ada Mary Thomas in 1914; they had a son, Geoffrey Thomas Heath, and a daughter, Veronica Mary Heath. Heath's son Geoffrey went to Trinity College, Cambridge, before becoming a teacher at Ampleforth College and had 6 children.

Work

Heath was distinguished for his work in Greek Mathematics and author several books on Greek mathematicians. It is primarily through Heath's translations that modern English-speaking readers are aware of what Archimedes did. His translation of the celebrated Archimedes Palimpsest, however, was based on a transcription that had lacunae, which scholars such as Reviel Netz have been able to fill in to a certain extent, by exploiting modern scientific methods of imagery not available in Heath's time.

When Heath's Works of Archimedes was published in 1897, the Archimedes Palimpsest had not been extensively explored. Its significance was not recognised until 1906, when it was examined by the Danish professor Johan Ludvig Heiberg. The palimpsest contained an extended version of Stomachion, and a treatise entitled The Method of Mechanical Theorems that had previously been thought lost. These works have therefore been the focus of research by modern scholars.

Translations and other works

Note: Only first editions are listed; many of these titles have been reprinted several times.

• Diophantus of Alexandria: a Study in the History of Greek Algebra (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1885)
• Apollonius of Perga: Treatise on Conic Sections (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1896)
• Archimedes: Works (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1897)
• The thirteen books of Euclid's Elements (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1908)
• Aristarchus of Samos, the Ancient Copernicus Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913)
• A History of Greek Mathematics (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1921)^[7]
• A Manual of Greek Mathematics (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1931)
• Greek Astronomy (London: J.M. Dent & Sons, 1932)
• Mathematics in Aristotle (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1949)

Notes

1. Densmore, Dana (2013). Euclid's Elements. All thirteen books complete in one volume. The Thomas L. Heath Translation (5th ed.). Santa Fe, NM: Green Lion Press. pp. xix–xx. ISBN 978-1-888009-18-7.
2. O'Connor, J.J. "Thomas Little Heath". MacTutor Archives. Retrieved 2015-07-08.
3. Densmore, Dana (2013). Euclid's Elements. All thirteen books complete in one volume. The Thomas L. Heath Translation (5th ed.). Santa Fe, NM: Green Lion Press. p. xix. ISBN 978-1-888009-19-4.
4. Densmore, Dana (2013). Euclid's Elements. All thirteen books complete in one volume. The Thomas L. Heath Translation (5th ed.). Santa Fe, NM: Green Lion Press. p. xx. ISBN 978-1-888009-19-4.
5. "Thomas Little Heath". Retrieved 17 November 2010.
6. "Library and Archive catalogue". Royal Society. Retrieved 17 November 2010.
7. Smith, David Eugene (1923). "Heath on Greek Mathematics". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 29 (2): 79–84. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1923-03668-9.

Further reading

• "About the translator: Thomas L. Heath" in Euclid's Elements: all thirteen books complete in one volume (2002) Green Lion Press. ISBN 978-1-888009-19-4
• J.A. Smith, Review of A History of Greek Mathematics, The Classical Review, 37, no. 34 (May – June 1923), 69–71

External links

Online texts of Heath's books

• Works by Thomas Little Heath at Project Gutenberg
• Works by or about Thomas Little Heath at Internet Archive
• A History of Greek Mathematics: vol. 1, vol. 2
• The Works of Archimedes
  • Archimedes' Quadrature Of The Parabola
  • Archimedes' On The Measurement Of The Circle
• Diophantus Of Alexandria: A Study In The History Of Greek Algebra
• The Thirteen Books of Euclid's Elements: vol. 1, vol. 2, vol. 3
• PDF files of many of Heath's works, including those on Diophantus, Apollonius, etc.

Excerpts from MacTutor

• Heath: Everyman's Library Euclid Introduction
• Heath: The thirteen books of Euclid's elements Preface
• Heath: Mathematics in Aristotle Preface

About T.L. Heath

• O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Thomas Little Heath", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews.