Thoracica

Thoracica
Semibalanus balanoides
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Crustacea
Class:	Maxillopoda
Subclass:	Thecostraca
Infraclass:	Cirripedia
Superorder:	Thoracica Darwin, 1854
Orders
Sessilia Lamarck, 1818 Pedunculata Lamarck, 1818

Thoracica is a superorder of crustaceans which contains the most familiar species of barnacles found on rocky coasts, such as Semibalanus balanoides and Chthamalus stellatus. They have six well-developed limbs, and may be either stalked or sessile. The carapace is heavily calcified. The group includes free-living and commensal species.^[1]

Classification

This article follows Martin and Davis in placing Thoracica as a superorder of Cirripedia and in the following classification of thoracicans down to the level of families:^[2]

Superorder Thoracica Darwin, 1854

• Order Pedunculata Lamarck, 1818
  • Suborder Heteralepadomorpha Newman, 1987
    • Anelasmatidae Gruvel, 1905
    • Heteralepadidae Nilsson-Cantell, 1921
    • Koleolepadidae Hiro, 1933
    • Malacolepadidae Hiro, 1937
    • Microlepadidae Zevina, 1980
    • Rhizolepadidae Zevina, 1980
  • Suborder Iblomorpha Newman, 1987
    • Iblidae Leach, 1825
  • Suborder Lepadomorpha Pilsbry, 1916
    • Lepadidae Darwin, 1852
    • Oxynaspididae Gruvel, 1905
    • Poecilasmatidae Annandale, 1909
  • Suborder Scalpellomorpha Newman, 1987
    • Calanticidae Zevina, 1978
    • Lithotryidae Gruvel, 1905
    • Pollicipedidae Leach, 1817
    • Scalpellidae Pilsbry, 1907
• Order Sessilia Lamarck, 1818

Gooseneck barnacles (Lepas anatifera)

• • Suborder Brachylepadomorpha Withers, 1923
    • Neobrachylepadidae Newman & Yamaguchi, 1995
  • Suborder Verrucomorpha Pilsbry, 1916
    • Neoverrucidae Newman, 1989
    • Verrucidae Darwin, 1854
  • Suborder Balanomorpha Pilsbry, 1916
    • Superfamily Chionelasmatoidea Buckeridge, 1983
      • Chionelasmatidae Buckeridge, 1983
    • Superfamily Pachylasmatoidea Utinomi, 1968
      • Pachylasmatidae Utinomi, 1968
    • Superfamily Chthamaloidea Darwin, 1854
      • Catophragmidae Utinomi, 1968
      • Chthamalidae Darwin, 1854
    • Superfamily Coronuloidea Leach, 1817
      • Chelonibiidae Pilsbry, 1916
      • Coronulidae Leach, 1817
      • Platylepadidae Newman & Ross, 1976
    • Superfamily Tetraclitoidea Gruvel, 1903
      • Bathylasmatidae Newman & Ross, 1971
      • Tetraclitidae Gruvel, 1903
    • Superfamily Balanoidea Leach, 1817
      • Archaeobalanidae Newman & Ross, 1976
      • Balanidae Leach, 1817
      • Pyrgomatidae Gray, 1825

References

1. Robert D. Barnes (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 706. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
2. Joel W. Martin & George E. Davis (2001). An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea (PDF). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. pp. 132 pp.