Thumal the Qahraman

Thumal the Qahraman (Arabic: ثمل القهرمانة‎) (died 929) was a Muslim woman appointed in 918 as a judge in a maẓālim (secular administrative) court. She was not a Qadi (a judge adjudicating Islamic law), for she only dealt with secular law. She was put in charge of rescripting the petitions which petitioners brought to the court.^[1] She was appointed by Umm Jafar Muqtadir, the mother to caliph Jafar al-Muqtadir-billah (r. 908–923), the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad.

See also

• women in islam
• Qadi
• Abbasid Caliphate

References

1. See Karen Bauer, ‘Debates on Women’s Status as Judges and Witnesses in Post-Formative Islamic Law,’ Journal of the American Oriental Society, 130.1 (2010), 1-21.

• Fatema Mernissi, Mernissi, Fatima, and Mary Jo. Lakeland. The Forgotten Queens of Islam. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1993. 42-43. Print.
• Ibn Kathir, Al Bidayah wa al-Nihayah