Thurston County ritual abuse case

The Thurston County ritual abuse case was a case in which Paul Ingram, county Republican Party Chairman of Thurston County, Washington and the Chief Civil Deputy of the Sheriff's department, was accused by his daughters of sexual abuse, by at least one daughter of satanic ritual abuse[1] and later accused by his son in 1996 of abusing him from the ages of 4 to 12.[2]

Ingram's confession grew increasingly elaborate and detailed, and Ingram's young daughters and their friends subsequently accused a sizable number of Ingram's fellow Sheriff's department employees of abuse. He originally pleaded guilty but has since maintained his innocence and alleges his confession was coerced. After pleading guilty, he attempted to withdraw his plea and requested a trial or clemency but his requests were refused. According to the appeals court, the original trial had conducted "an extensive evidentiary hearing on the coercion issue" and found that Ingram was unable to prove his claims of coercion, a situation his appeals did not change.[3] Ingram was released in 2003 after serving his sentence.[4]

The case is often cited by proponents of the idea that satanic ritual abuse actually exists as proof because Ingram was found guilty; in reality, Ingram was never charged with "satanic ritual abuse" but with six counts of rape in the third degree, and received an unusually long sentence – rather than a maximum of three and a half years, he was sentenced to twenty years.[5] The "satanic" aspects of the case were dropped by the prosecution[6] although the appearance of Satan was integral to Ingram's confessions. The case has also been compared to the Salem witch trials.[7][8]

Background

The accusations appeared at a time when there were tremendous questions being raised about the accuracy of memories of childhood abuse and incest. Books such as the self-help tome The Courage to Heal, the discredited satanic ritual abuse autobiography Michelle Remembers, and work by memory researchers such as Elizabeth Loftus all worked to support, contradict and challenge conventional beliefs about how memory and repression worked, or if the latter even existed.

Ingram's daughters had both been in therapy, one before the initial outcry, the other while the trial was ongoing.[9] The Ingrams were also members of a local Pentecostal church that promoted the idea that Satan could control the minds of Christians, cause them to commit crimes, then remove the memories after the fact, and that God would not allow harmful false memories. While at a church retreat, a woman who claimed to possess prophetic power told Ingram's daughter that she had been sexually abused by her father.[10]

Accusations

Ingram was accused of sexually abusing both of his daughters over a period of years. Initially Ericka, his eldest daughter, claimed this abuse had stopped in 1979 but later his other daughter Julie said it had happened less than five years before. When first interviewed by in 1988 by Sheriff Gary Edwards and Undersheriff Neil McClanahan about the sex abuse accusations, Ingram "basically confessed during the first five minutes" as McLanahan would later state.[11]

As the case proceeded, the accusations increased in scope and detail. Ingram was also accused of participating in hundreds of satanic rituals including the slaughter of 25 babies. Ericka claimed she had caught a sexually transmitted disease from him, and had a baby aborted when near term.[12]

False memory hypothesis

Psychologist Richard Ofshe claimed that Ingram, because of his long-standing and routine experiences in his church, was inadvertently hypnotized by authority figures who conducted his interrogation, although no mental health professionals were present, and that the confessions were the result of false memories being implanted with suggestion.[13] Ofshe tested this hypothesis by telling Ingram that a son and daughter had accused him of forcing them to commit incest with each other. Interrogating officers had previously accused Ingram of this, but he denied it, and also denied Ofshe's accusation. Ofshe instructed Ingram to pray on the idea, and later Ingram produced a full, detailed written confession. Questioning the daughter who was supposed to have been involved, despite many other accusations against her father, she denied that such an incident had ever occurred. Upon being told that no such accusation had been made by either his son or daughter, Ingram refused to believe the incident wasn't real, maintaining "[i]t's just as real to me as anything else".[14] Ofshe was thus convinced that Ingram's confessions were solely the result of extensive interrogation sessions and questions being applied to an unusually suggestible individual. He provided a report on his theory, but the prosecution initially refused to supply it to the defense, only doing so after being forced by the judge.[15] Ofshe later reported the incident in a scientific journal.[16]

Remembering Satan

Ingram's story became the basis of the book Remembering Satan by Lawrence Wright. The Ingram case was also the basis for the TV-movie Forgotten Sins, in which John Shea played "Sheriff Matthew Bradshaw". Richard Ofshe, the only individual whose name was not changed for the movie, confirms that it is based on the Ingram case.[17] Lawrence Wright, the author of Remembering Satan, received a "Story by" WGA credit for the movie.[18]

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Ofshe, R. "Ofshe Report on the Ingram Case". Archived from the original on 2004-11-27. Retrieved 2008-11-03.
  2. ↑ Zimmerman, Rachel (1996-06-08). "Son of Deputy Says He Was Sexually Abused ; Dramatic Report in Testimony to Clemency Panel". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. pp. B1.
  3. ↑ Burgess, Justice F. D. (1994). Order granting summary judgment in Paul R. Ingram v. Chase Riverland et al., No. C93-5399FDB, U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington at Tacoma, May 5, 1994
  4. ↑ "Ingram Organization". Web.archive.org. 2003-04-08. Archived from the original on 2004-11-30. Retrieved 2010-02-01.
  5. ↑ Wright, 1994, p. 188.
  6. ↑ Lewis, James P. (2001). Satanism today: an encyclopedia of religion, folklore, and popular culture. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO. pp. 126–8. ISBN 1-57607-292-4.
  7. ↑ Kearney, Richard (2004). On stories. New York: Routledge. p. 35. ISBN 0-415-24797-7.
  8. ↑ Edmundson, Mark (1997). Nightmare on Main Street: angels, sadomasochism, and the culture of Gothic. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 39. ISBN 0-674-62463-7.
  9. ↑ Wright, 1994, p. 147-175.
  10. ↑ Lewis JP (2001). Satanism today: an encyclopedia of religion, folklore, and popular culture. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO. pp. 125–6. ISBN 1-57607-292-4.
  11. ↑ Gates, D. (1996, August 28). Doubtful justice. Seattle Weekly, 20-27.
  12. ↑ Wrightsman, Lawrence S.; Solomon M. Fulero (2009). Forensic psychology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. pp. 246–248. ISBN 0-495-50649-4.
  13. ↑ Robinson, BA (2003-04-29). "The "Paul Ingram" ritual abuse case, in Olympia, WA". Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
  14. ↑ Wright, 1994, p. 134-146.
  15. ↑ Wright, 1994, p. 177.
  16. ↑ Ofshe RJ (July 1992). "Inadvertent hypnosis during interrogation: false confession due to dissociative state; mis-identified multiple personality and the Satanic cult hypothesis". Int J Clin Exp Hypn 40 (3): 125–56. doi:10.1080/00207149208409653. PMID 1399152.
  17. ↑ "Sociology Professor Featured In TV Movie 'Forgotten Sins'". The Berkleyan (Office of Public Affairs at UC Berkeley). 1996-03-06. Retrieved 2007-04-24.
  18. ↑ "LMN.tv Movie Credits". LMN.tv Movie Credits. LMN. Retrieved 2007-04-24.

References

External links

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