Tihomir of Serbia

Tihomir Zavidović or Tihomir of Serbia (Serbian: Тихомир Завидовић^[A]) was the Grand Prince of the Grand Principality of Serbia (Rascia) fl. 1162–1171.

Life

He was the first-born child of Zavida.^[1] After the death of his father, Tihomir is appointed supreme ruler as the Grand Prince of Serbia (1166^[1]) by Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Comnenus, however, he rules jointly with his brothers.^[1] The lands were divided; Stracimir ruled West Morava, Miroslav ruled Zahumlje and Travunia, Stefan Nemanja was given Toplica, Ibar, Rasina and Reke. Nemanja was also a vassal to Manuel I, through his appanage of Dubočica.^[2] Nemanja aided the Imperial army against the Hungarians in Srem in 1164. The tie between Nemanja and Manuel I was most likely seen as a threat to Tihomir.^[2]

Stefan Nemanja built the Monastery of Saint Nicholas in Kuršumlija and the Monastery of the Holy Mother of Christ near Kosanica-Toplica, without the approval of Tihomir.^[2] Nemanja had felt that he had the free will of doing so, Tihomir disagreed, Nemanja was, or Tihomir thought that he was trying to assert independence through his relation to Manuel I.^[2] Tihomir had Nemanja chained and thrown into jail, his lands were annexed.^[2] Nemanja's supporters conspired to the church that Tihomir had done all this because of his disapproval of church building, thus the Church turned against Tihomir.^[2] Nemanja managed to escape the jail, and returned to his province.^[2]

Stefan Nemanja mobilizes an army, possibly with Byzantine help, and heads for the crownland. Manuel I might have been displeased with Tihomir's acting.^[2] Nemanja is triumphant, Tihomir and Miroslav and Stracimir are expelled to Byzantium in 1167.^[2] Stefan Nemanja quickly became a powerful figure,^[2] and Manuel I subsequently turned to Tihomir and his brothers.^[3] The Byzantine Empire wanted to see Serbia divided by several princes as to keep it weak.^[3]

Manuel I provides Tihomir with an army, coming in from Skopje. In 1171 Nemanja manages to gather a large army and defeats them at Pantino near Zvečan, Tihomir is drowned in the River of Sitnica. Nemanja captures his other brothers and makes peace, giving them rule in their former lands by recognizing him as the only ruler of Serbia. The Nemanjić dynasty was named after Stefan Nemanja who ruled Serbia until 1371.

References

^ Name: His first name is Tihomir. According to the Serbian naming system, his full name is Tihomir Zavidović (Тихомир Завидовић).

1 2 3 Fine, Late, p. 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Fine, Late, p. 4
1 2 Fine, Late, p. 5

Sources

The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century
Ćorović, Vladimir, Istorija srpskog naroda, Book I, (In Serbian) Electric Book, Rastko Electronic Book, Antikvarneknjige (Cyrillic)
Curta, Florin (2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-89452-4.

Regnal titles
Tihomir of Serbia Vukanović Dynasty Died: 1171
Preceded by Desa	Grand Prince of Serbia 1166	Succeeded by Stefan Nemanja

Monarchs of Serbia

Serbian Principality (1st; Raška), 641–969	Unknown Archon Višeslav Radoslav Prosigoj Vlastimir Mutimir Pribislav Petar Pavle Zaharija Časlav Byzantine annexation, Duklja subsequently emerging as seat

Serbian Principality (2nd; Duklja), 998–1101	Jovan Vladimir Stefan Vojislav Mihailo Constantine Bodin Raška re-emerging as seat (Grand Principality)

Serbian Grand Principality, 1101–1217	Vukan Uroš I Uroš II Beloš Desa Tihomir Stefan Nemanja Stefan the First-Crowned Proclamation of Kingdom

Serbian Kingdom, 1217–1346 Serbian Empire, 1346–1371	Stefan the First-Crowned Stefan Radoslav Stefan Vladislav I Stefan Uroš I Stefan Dragutin Stefan Vladislav II at Syrmia Stefan Milutin Stefan Konstantin Stefan Dečanski Stefan Dušan Proclamation of Empire Stefan Dušan Stefan Uroš V Fall of the Serbian Empire

Moravian Serbia, 1371–1402 Serbian Despotate, 1402–1537	Lazar Stefan Lazarević Proclamation of Despotate Stefan Lazarević Đurađ Branković Lazar Branković Stefan Branković Stephen Tomašević Ottoman annexation, titular: Vuk Grgurević Đorđe Branković Jovan Branković Ivaniš Berislavić Stevan Berislavić Radič Božić Pavle Bakić Stefan Štiljanović Ottoman annexation

Revolutionary Serbia, 1804–1837	Karađorđe Miloš Obrenović

Principality of Serbia, 1837–1882	Miloš Milan II Mihailo Aleksandar Miloš Mihailo Milan IV Proclamation of Kingdom

Kingdom of Serbia, 1882–1918	Milan I Alexander Petar I Proclamation of Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes

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Tihomir of Serbia

Life

See also

References

Sources