Timeline of Alexandria

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Alexandria, Egypt.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

BCE era

• 331 BC - Rhacotis renamed "Alexandria" by Alexander the Great (approximate date).
• 323-30 BC - Egypt's capital under Ptolemaic dynasty.
• 283 BC - Library of Alexandria opens (approximate date).
• 247 BC - Lighthouse of Alexandria built (approximate date).
• 1st century BC - Caesareum built.
• 80 BC - Romans in power.
• 48 BC - Julius Caesar conquers Alexandria.
• 48 BC - Great Royal Library of Alexandria burned.
• 47 BC - Siege of Alexandria.
• 47 BC - Caesar victorious.
• 44 BC - Assassination of Julius Caesar in Rome.
• 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria.
• 29 BC - Augustus takes city.
• 25 BC - Strabo, the Greek geographer and philosopher, visits Alexandria.

1st-15th centuries

Alexandria, 16th century

• 38 AD - Pogrom against Jews.
• 115 AD - City sacked during Jewish-Greek conflict.
• 122 AD - Hadrian rebuilds city.
• 176 AD - Catechetical School of Alexandria (oldest such school in the world) founded. Some recotds say 190 A.D. See article.
• 297 AD - Pompey's Pillar (column) built.
• 365 AD - Tsunami.^[1][2]
• 391 AD - Theodosius I orders destruction of pagan temples.
• 619 AD - City besieged; Sassanid Persians in power.
• 641-642 AD - City besieged; Arabs in power;^[3] capital of Egypt relocates from Alexandria to Fustat.
• 645 AD - Byzantines in power.
• 680 AD - Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral rebuilt.
• 956 AD - Earthquake.
• 1303 AD - Earthquake.^[4]
• 1323 AD - Earthquake.^[4]
• 1354 AD - Eliyahu Hanavi Synagogue built.
• 1365 AD - October: City besieged by Cypriot forces.
• 1381 AD - Zaradel Synagogue established^[5]
• 1477 AD - Citadel of Qaitbay established.

18th-19th centuries

• 1775 - El-Mursi Abul Abbas Mosque built.
• 1798
  • 2 July: City besieged by French forces.
  • Population: 8,000.^[6]
• 1801
  • 21 March: Battle between French and British forces.
  • 17 August - 2 September: City besieged by British forces.
  • 2 September: Capitulation to British.
• 1819 - Mahmoudiyah Canal constructed.^[7]
• 1821 - Population: 12,528.^[6]
• 1829 - Dockyard and arsenal open.
• 1833 - April: Luxor Obelisk shipped to Paris.
• 1834 - Ras el-Tin Palace construction begins.
• 1840 - Population: 60,000.^[6]
• 1847 - Ras el-Tin Palace built.
• 1850 - Eliyahu Hanavi Synagogue restored.
• 1853 - Azouz Synagogue rebuilt.
• 1856
  • Cairo-Alexandria railway begins operating.^[8]
  • Cathedral of Evangelismos dedicated.
• 1859
  • Institut d'Egypte founded.^[9]
  • Theatre Europeen reopens.^[10]
• 1860 - Alexandria Ramleh Train Station established.
• 1862 - Theatre Zizinia built.^[10]
• 1861 - Cotton boom.
• 1863
  • Horse-drawn trams begin operating.
  • Population: 170,000.^[6]
• 1865 - Gas lighting introduced.^[6]
• 1865-1869 - New port created.

8 1872 - Population ca. 200,000 (ca. 20% foreigners).

• 1873
  • Breakwater built in harbour.^[8]
  • Statue unveiled in Midan Muhammad Ali.^[6]
• 1875 - Al-Ahram newspaper begins publication.
• 1877 - One of Cleopatra's Needles shipped to London.
• 1880 - The Egyptian Gazette launched in Alexandria.
• 1880 - One of Cleopatra's Needles shipped to New York City.
• 1880 - Zaradel Synagogue restored.
• 1881 - al-Tankit wa al-Tabkit newspaper begins publication.^[6]
• 1882
  • 11 July: Anti-European riots; city bombarded by British naval forces.^[6]
  • Population: 232,626.^[6]
• 1883 - Alexandria Stock Exchange founded.
• 1887 - El-Hakaneia Palace built.
• 1892
  • Graeco-Roman Museum established.
  • Salamlek Palace built.

20th century

Aerial view of Alexandria, 1990

• 1901 - Green Synagogue established.
• 1902
  • Electric trams begin operating.
  • Victoria College founded.
• 1903 - Khedivial yacht club built.^[8]
• 1905 - Sea wall constructed.^[8]
• 1907 - Population: 332,246.^[8]
• 1910 - Hellenic Football Club Alexandria formed.
• 1910 - Sasson Synagogue established.
• 1914 - Alexandrian Union Club (football) formed.
• 1917 - Population ca. 460,000 (ca. 20% foreigners).
• 1919 - Princess Fatma Al-Zahra palace built.
• 1920 - Castro Synagogue established.
• 1920 - Nezah Israel Synagogue established.
• 1921 - Alexandria Opera House opens.
• 1922 - Shaaré Tefila Synagogue established.
• 1925 - Scottish School for Girls founded.
• 1927 - Population ca. 600,000 (ca. 17% foreigners).
• 1928 - Collège Saint Marc founded.
• 1929
  • Alexandria Stadium opens.
  • English Boys' School established.
• 1930 - Alexandria Aquarium opens.
• 1932 - Al-Haramlik Palace built.
• 1934 - Corniche constructed.^[11]
• 1935 - English Girls College founded.
• 1937 - Eliahou Hazan Synagogue established.
• 1938 - Publication of The Egyptian Gazette moved from Alexandria to Cairo.
• 1941 - 19 December: Conflict between Italian and British naval forces.
• 1942 - Farouk University established.
• 1947 - Population ca. 950,000 (ca. 7% foreigners).
• 1950 - Hassab hospital established.
• 1952 - Egyptian Revolution.
• 1954 - 26 October: Attempted assassination of Nasser during speech in Mansheya.
• 1958 - Alexandria Zoo opens.
• 1960 - Siddiq Abdul-Latif becomes mayor.
• 1964 - September: Arab League summit held.
• 1965 - Population ca. 1.5 million.^[12]
• 1969 - St. Takla Haymanot's Church consecrated.
• 1986
  • Ismail El-Gawsaqi becomes mayor.
  • Port of Dekheila constructed.
  • Royal Jewelry Museum inaugurated.
• 1990 - Senghor University founded.
• 1996 - Alexandria Institute Of Technology founded.
• 1997 - Abdel-Salam El-Mahgoub becomes mayor.
• 1999 - Swedish Institute Alexandria established.

21st century

• 2001 - Alexandria Center of Arts opens.
• 2002 - Bibliotheca Alexandrina inaugurated.
• 2003
  • Harras El-Hedoud Stadium opens.
  • Alexandria National Museum inaugurated.
• 2006
  • Adel Labib becomes mayor.
  • January–February: 2006 Africa Cup of Nations held.
  • Population: 4,110,015.
  • Pharos University established.
• 2007
  • Borg El Arab Stadium opens.
  • San Stefano Grand Plaza built.
• 2009 - Sadat Museum inaugurated.
• 2010 - Population: 4,358,439.^[13]
• 2011
  • Egyptian revolution
  • 1 January: Bombing of Saints Church.
• 2012 - Protests against state president Mohamed Morsi.
• 2013 - January: Anti-Morsi protests.^[14]

See also

• History of Alexandria
• Of Alexandria

Other cities in Egypt

• Timeline of Cairo
• Timeline of Port Said

References

1. Stiros, Stathis C.: "The AD 365 Crete earthquake and possible seismic clustering during the fourth to sixth centuries AD in the Eastern Mediterranean: a review of historical and archaeological data", Journal of Structural Geology, Vol. 23 (2001), pp. 545-562 (549 & 557)
2. Mediterranean's 'horror' tsunami may strike again, New Scientist online, March 10, 2008.
3. "Timelines: Egypt: AD 642 to present", World Book (USA), (subscription required (help))
4. "Alexandria", The Mediterranean, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911, OCLC 490068
5. Synagogues listed here:http://www.nebidaniel.org/synagogues.php?lang=en
6. Michael J. Reimer (1988). "Colonial Bridgehead: Social and Spatial Change in Alexandria, 1850-1882". International Journal of Middle East Studies 20. JSTOR 163400.
7. I. Smith Homans (1859), "Alexandria", Cyclopedia of Commerce and Commercial Navigation (2nd ed.), New York: Harper
8. "Alexandria", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), 1910, OCLC 14782424
9. Donald Malcolm Reid (1993). "The Egyptian Geographical Society: From Foreign Laymen's Society to Indigenous ProfessionalAssociation". Poetics Today 14: 539–572. doi:10.2307/1773284. JSTOR 1773284.
10. P.C. Sadgrove (2007), The Egyptian Theatre in the Nineteenth Century (1799-1882), Garnet Publishing, ISBN 9780863723223
11. "Alexandria". ArchNet.org. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
12. Der Volks-Brockhaus, Wiesbaden, 1965
13. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division.
14. "Fatal clashes on Egypt uprising anniversary". BBC News. 25 January 2013. Retrieved 25 January 2013.

This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia and the German Wikipedia.

Further reading

Published in the 18th-19th century

• Carsten Niebuhr (1792). "Of the City of Alexandria". Travels through Arabia. Translated by Robert Heron. Edinburgh: R. Morison and Son – via Hathi Trust.
• H. A. S. Dearborn (1819), "Alexandria", A Memoir on the Commerce and Navigation of the Black Sea, Boston: Wells & Lilly
• Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Alexandria", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
• Josiah Conder (1827), "Topographical Description: Alexandria", The Modern Traveller, London: J.Duncan, OCLC 8876014
• Gardner Wilkinson (1847), "Alexandria", Hand-book for Travellers in Egypt, J. Murray, OCLC 23931478
• J. Willoughby Rosse (1858). "Alexandria". Index of Dates ... Facts in the Chronology and History of the World. London: H.G. Bohn – via Hathi Trust.
• Bayard Taylor (1874), "Alexandria After 22 Years", Egypt and Iceland in the Year 1874, New York: G.P. Putnam
• H. de Vaujany (1885), Alexandrie et la Basse-Égypte (in French), Paris: Librairie Plon
• Ali Mubarak (1886–1889). "v.7: Alexandria". Al-Khitat (in Arabic).
• Ibrahim-Hilmy (1886), "Alexandria", The literature of Egypt and the Soudan from the earliest times to the year 1885 inclusive: a bibliography, London: Trübner and Co.
• "Alexandria", Appleton's European Guide Book, New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1888
• "Egypt: Places and Cities: Alexandria". Bulletin of the Public Library of the City of Boston (94). 1893.

Published in the 20th century

• "Alexandria". Guide to Palestine and Egypt. London: Macmillan and Co. 1901.
• T.G. Bonney; et al. (1904), "Alexandria", The Mediterranean, its Storied Cities and Venerable Ruins, New York: J. Pott
• Ernest Alfred Wallis Budge (1906), "Alexandria", Cook's Handbook for Egypt and the Sudan (2nd ed.), London: T. Cook & Son, OCLC 7434398
• "Alexandria". Guide to Egypt and the Sudan (5th ed.). London: Macmillan and Co. 1908.
• Breccia, Evaristo (1914), Alexandrea ad Aegyptum; guide de la ville ancienne et moderne et du Musée gréco-romain (in French), Bergamo: Istituto italiano d'arti grafiche
• Jonet (1921). Atlas historique de la ville et des ports d'Alexandrie (in French). Cairo.
• E. M. Forster (1922), Alexandria: a History and a Guide, Alexandria: W. Morris
• Noelle Watson, ed. (1996). "Alexandria". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. ISBN 1884964036.

Published in the 21st century

• Josef W. Meri, ed. (2006). "Alexandria". Medieval Islamic Civilization. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7.
• Gabor Agoston and Bruce Alan Masters, ed. (2009). "Alexandria". Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Facts on File. ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7.
• David Abulafia (2011). "A Tale of Four and a Half Cities, 1900-1950". The Great Sea: A Human History of the Mediterranean. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-975263-8. (about Alexandria, Jaffa, Salonika, Smyrna)

External links