Timeline of Istanbul

The following is a timeline of the history of the town of Istanbul, Turkey.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Prior to 4th century

• 657 BC – Byzantium founded by Greeks.
• 196 – City taken by Septimius Severus.^[1]
• 203 – Hippodrome built (approximate date).

4th-15th centuries

• 330 – Constantine relocates seat of the Eastern Roman Empire to Byzantium; renames it "Constantinople".^[2]
• 365 – City taken by forces of Procopius.^[3]
• 381 – First Council of Constantinople held in Hagia Irene church.
• 390 – Obelisk of Theodosius installed.
• 413 – Theodosian Walls built.
• 476 – Basilica Cistern rebuilt (approximate date).
• 532 – Nika riots.
• 537 – Hagia Sophia church built.
• 543 – Column of Justinian erected.
• 626 – Siege of Constantinople (626) by Avars, Slavs and Sassanid Persians.
• 674 – Siege of Constantinople (674–78) begins.
• 717 – Siege of Constantinople (717–18).
• 813 – City besieged by Bulgarian forces.
• 821 – City besieged by forces of Thomas the Slav.
• 860 – Siege of Constantinople (860).
• 907 – Siege of Constantinople (907).
• 941 – Siege of Constantinople (941).
• 1203 – Siege of Constantinople (1203) by the Fourth Crusade, in which Alexius IV was able to usurp the throne after Alexius III fled to Thrace.
• 1204 – Siege of Constantinople (1204) by the Fourth Crusade, in which the Byzantines were overwhelmed and the city thoroughly sacked.
• 1348 – Galata Tower built.
• 1376 – City besieged by forces of Andronikos IV Palaiologos.

15th–19th centuries

• 1410 – June: Battle of Kosmidion.
• 1411 – Siege of Constantinople (1411).
• 1422 – Siege of Constantinople (1422).
• 1453
  • 6 April-29 May: Final Siege of Constantinople; City besieged by Ottoman forces; Mehmed II in power.
  • Capital of the Ottoman Empire relocated to Constantinople from Edirne.^[4]
  • Hagia Sophia (mosque) in use.^[5]
• 1460 – Grand Bazaar built (approximate date).^[6]
• 1459 – Topkapı Palace construction begins.
• 1478 – Galata Mosque in use.
• 1491 – Firuz Ağa Mosque built in Fatih.
• 1509 – 1509 Constantinople earthquake.^[5]
• 1520 – Suleiman the Magnificent becomes Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
• 1554 - Coffee house in business.^[7]
• 1558 – Süleymaniye Mosque built.
• 1577 – Observatory of Taqi al-Din built.
• 1584 – Çemberlitaş Hamamı (bath) built.
• 1616 – Sultan Ahmed Mosque built.
• 1746 – Kalenderhane Mosque consecrated.
• 1766 – Earthquake.
• 1821 – Constantinople Massacre of 1821.
• 1844 – Naum Theatre opens.
• 1845 – Galata Bridge built.
• 1856 – Dolmabahçe Palace built in Beşiktaş.
• 1861 - Al-Jawâ'ib begins publication.
• 1863 - First painting exhibition sponsored by Sultan Abdul Aziz
• 1870 - June 5: Fire in Pera.^[8]
• 1871 – American College for Girls established in Arnavutköy.^[5]
• 1880 – Yıldız Palace built.
• 1883
  • School of Economics established.^[5]
  • Orient Express (Paris–Istanbul) begins operating.
• 1890 – Kum Kapu demonstration.
• 1891 – Imperial Museum founded.
• 1894
  • 10 July: an earthquake in the Gulf of İzmit kills about 1,300^[2]
  • Pando's Creamery in business.^[9]

20th century

• 1905 – 21 July: Yıldız assassination attempt.
• 1908 – Istanbul declared a province with nine constituent districts.
• 1912 – Gülhane Park opens.
• 1913 - Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum opens.^[10]
• 1914 – Darülbedayi theatre founded.
• 1915 – The 20 Hunchakian gallows hanging occurs in Beyazıt Square.
• 1918 – 13 November: Occupation of Constantinople by Allied forces begins, per Armistice of Mudros.^[11]
• 1919 – Sultanahmet demonstrations.
• 1923
  • City becomes part of the newly formed Republic of Turkey.
  • Turkish capital relocated from Istanbul to Ankara.^[1]
• 1924 – Airport opens in Yeşilköy.
• 1930 – City renamed "Istanbul".^[12]
• 1933 – Istanbul University established.^[5]
• 1938 – 10 November: Death of Atatürk.
• 1940
  • Baghdad Railway begins operating.
  • Atatürk Bridge built.
  • Population: 789,346.^[1]
• 1947 – İnönü Stadium opens in Beşiktaş.
• 1950 – Population: 1,000,022.^[5]
• 1955 – 6–7 September: Istanbul pogrom.
• 1958 – Küçük Emek cinema opens.^[13]
• 1964 – Harbiye Muhsin Ertuğrul Stage opens.
• 1965 – Population: 2,293,823 (districts of Adalar, Bakırköy, Beşiktaş, Beykoz, Beyoğlu, Çatalca, Eyüp, Fatih, Gaziosmanpaşa, Kadıköy, Kartal, Sarıyer, Silivri, Şile, Şişli, Üsküdar, Yalova, and Zeytinburnu).^[14]
• 1969 – Bloody Sunday (1969).
• 1973
  • Bosphorus Bridge built.
  • Istanbul Festival begins.
• 1975 – 30 January: Airplane crash
• 1977 – 1 May: Taksim Square massacre.
• 1979 – Istanbul Marathon begins.
• 1982 – International Istanbul Film Festival begins.
• 1984 – March 23: Municipality of Greater Istanbul established.
• 1988 – Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge built.
• 1989
  • Istanbul Metro begins operating.
  • Kadıköy Haldun Taner Stage in use.
• 1994
  • Galata Bridge rebuilt.
  • Recep Tayyip Erdoğan becomes mayor of greater Istanbul.
• 1995 – 1995 Gazi Quarter riots.
• 1996 - United Nations Conference on Human Settlements held.
• 1999 – 1999 Istanbul bombings.

21st century

• 2000
  • City expands to include districts of Avcılar, Bağcılar, Bahçelievler, Esenler, Güngören, Maltepe, Sultanbeyli, and Tuzla (approximate date).
  • Population: 10,018,735.^[15]
• 2003
  • Istanbul Pride begins.
  • November: 2003 Istanbul bombings.^[12]
  • Miniatürk park opens.^[16]
• 2004
  • City boundaries become coterminous with those of Istanbul Province.
  • Kadir Topbaş becomes mayor of Greater Istanbul.
  • March 9, 2004 attack on Istanbul restaurant.
  • June: City hosts 2004 Istanbul summit.^[12]
• 2005 – Sabancı Performing Arts Center opens in Tuzla.
• 2007
  • April: Republic Protest.
  • Süreyya Opera House in Kadıköy.
• 2008
  • Istanbul expands to include districts of Arnavutköy, Ataşehir, Başakşehir, Beylikdüzü, Çekmeköy, Esenyurt, Sancaktepe, and Sultangazi.^[17][18]
  • 1 February: 2008 Istanbul fireworks explosion in Davutpaşa.
  • July: 2008 Istanbul bombings.
  • Labour strike in Tuzla.
• 2009
  • City districts increased from 32 to 39.
  • Istanbul Congress Center built.
  • Depo art space founded.^[19]
• 2010
  • 31 October: 2010 Istanbul bomb blast.
  • Baklahorani (carnival) revived.
• 2012
  • 26 February 2012 Istanbul rally to commemorate the Khojaly massacre held.
  • Museum of Innocence opens.^[20]
  • Population: 13,854,740.
• 2013
  • 28 May: Gezi Park protests begin in Taksim Square.
  • 29 October: the first phase of the Marmaray project opened for public use.^[21]
• 2014
  • 29 November: Pope Francis visit to meet with Patriarch Bartholomew I and Muslim leaders.^[22]
  • Sancaklar Mosque built in Büyükçekmece.

See also

• History of Istanbul
• List of mayors of Istanbul
• List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, 1450s-1920s

Other cities in Turkey

• Timeline of Ankara
• Timeline of Bursa

References

1. "Istanbul", Webster's Geographical Dictionary, USA: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, p. 503, OL 5812502M
2. Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Constantinople", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
3. George Henry Townsend (1867), "Constantinople", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
4. Gabor Agoston and Bruce Alan Masters, ed. (2009). "Istanbul". Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Facts on File. ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7.
5. Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 854, OL 6112221M
6. "Istanbul". Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Oxford University Press. 2009. pp. 315–330. ISBN 9780195309911.
7. Nina Luttinger; Gregory Dicum (1999). "Historic Timeline". The Coffee Book: Anatomy of an Industry from Crop to the Last Drop. New Press. ISBN 978-1-59558-724-4.
8. Cornel Zwierlein (2012). "Burning of a Modern City? Istanbul as Perceived by the Agents of the Sun Fire Office, 1865-1870". In Greg Bankoff; et al. Flammable Cities: Urban Conflagration and the Making of the Modern World. USA: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 82–102. ISBN 978-0-299-28383-4.
9. "Gentrification tears at Istanbul's historically diverse fabric", Reuters, 29 October 2014
10. Karin Adahl and Mikael Ahlund, ed. (2000). "Turkey". Islamic Art Collections: An International Survey. Curzon Press. ISBN 978-1-136-11362-8.
11. Stephen Pope; Elizabeth-Anne Wheal (1995). "Select Chronology". Dictionary of the First World War. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-85052-979-1.
12. "Turkey Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
13. "Movie Theaters in Istanbul, Turkey". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
14. Turkish Statistical Institute. "Istanbul". 1965 Population Census Data Base (in Turkish). Retrieved 30 December 2013.
15. "City Guide: Istanbul". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
16. Ipek Türeli (2006). "Modeling Citizenship in Turkey’s Miniature Park". Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review (International Association for the Study of Traditional Environments) 17 – via University of California, Berkeley.
17. Turkish Statistical Institute (2007). "Istanbul". Population Census Data Base (in Turkish). Retrieved 30 December 2013.
18. Turkish Statistical Institute (2008). "Istanbul". Population Census Data Base (in Turkish). Retrieved 30 December 2013.
19. "Turkey". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
20. Encyclopaedia Britannica Book of the Year. 2013. ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4.
21. Rails under the Bosporus, Railway Gazette International 2009-02-23
22. Pope in 'silent adoration' in Istanbul Blue Mosque

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia and Turkish Wikipedia.

Further reading

See also: Bibliography of Istanbul

Published in the 18th-19th century

• Petrus Gyllius; John Ball (1729). Antiquities of Constantinople. London.
• William Hunter (1803), "(Constantinople)", Travels through France, Turkey, and Hungary, to Vienna, in 1792 (3rd ed.), London: J. White, OCLC 10321359
• H.A.S. Dearborn (1819), "Constantinople", A Memoir on the Commerce and Navigation of the Black Sea, Boston: Wells & Lilly
• Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Constantinople", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
• Josiah Conder (1830), "Constantinople", Turkey, The Modern Traveller 14, London: J.Duncan
• John Fuller (1830), "Constantinople", Narrative of a Tour Through Some Parts of the Turkish Empire, John Murray, OCLC 15470157
• David Brewster, ed. (1832). "Constantinople". Edinburgh Encyclopaedia 7. Philadelphia: Joseph and Edward Parker.
• Evliya Çelebi (1834). "(Constantinople)". Narrative of Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa, in the Seventeenth Century 1. Translated by Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall. London: Oriental Translation Fund.
• Thomas Bartlett (1841). "Constantinople". New Tablet of Memory; or, Chronicle of Remarkable Events. London: Thomas Kelly.
• John Macgregor (1844). "Trade of Constantinople". Commercial Statistics. London: C. Knight and Co.
• "Constantinople", Hand-book for Travellers in the Ionian Islands, Greece, Turkey, Asia Minor, and Constantinople, London: J. Murray, 1845, OCLC 397597
• Mrs. Edmund Hornby (1858), In and Around Stamboul, Philadelphia: J. Challen & Son
• Charles Knight, ed. (1866). "Constantinople". Geography. English Cyclopaedia 2. London: Bradbury, Evans, & Co.
• "Constantinople", Appleton's European Guide Book, New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1888

Published in the 20th century

• William Holden Hutton (1900), Constantinople, Mediaeval Towns, London: J. M. Dent, OCLC 150311124
• "Constantinople", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
• Handbook for Travellers in Constantinople, Brûsa, and the Troad, London: J. Murray, 1907
• Guide to Greece, the Archipelago, Constantinople, the Coasts of Asia Minor. London: Macmillan and Co. 1907.
• "Constantinople", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
• Demetrius Coufopoulos (1910), Guide to Constantinople (4th ed.), London: Adam and Charles Black
• Robert Hichens (1913), The Near East: Dalmatia, Greece and Constantinople, New York: Century Co., OCLC 1293222
• Francis Whiting Halsey, ed. (1914). "Constantinople". Russia, Scandinavia, and the Southeast. Seeing Europe with Famous Authors 10. Funk & Wagnalls Company – via Hathi Trust.
• William Harman Black (1920). "Turkey: Constantinople". The Real Europe Pocket Guide-Book. Black's Blue Books. New York: Brentano's.
• Alt-Konstantinopel [Old Constantinople: 110 photographs of the city] (in German), München: Roland-Verlag, 1920
• Glanville Downey (1960), Constantinople in the Age of Justinian, Centers of Civilization Series, USA: University of Oklahoma Press, OL 5800255M
• Bernard Lewis (1963), Istanbul and the Civilization of the Ottoman Empire, USA: University of Oklahoma Press, OCLC 479098
• "Istanbul, the City That Links Europe and Asia", National Geographic Magazine (Washington DC) 144, 1973
• J. H. G. Lebon (1970). "Islamic City in the Near East: A Comparative Study of Cairo, Alexandria and Istanbul". Town Planning Review 41. JSTOR 40102697.
• Colin Thubron (1978), Istanbul, Great Cities, Time-Life Books, OL 4178939M
• Philip Mansel (1995), Constantinople: City of the World's Desire, 1453-1924, John Murray, ISBN 9780719550768
• Trudy Ring, ed. (1996). "Istanbul". Southern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places 3. Fitzroy Dearborn. OCLC 31045650.
• Edhem Eldem; et al. (1999), The Ottoman City between East and West: Aleppo, Izmir, and Istanbul, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 052164304X

Published in the 21st century

• Arzu Öztürkmen (2002). "From Constantinople to Istanbul: Two Sources on the Historical Folklore of a City". Asian Folklore Studies 61. JSTOR 1178974.
• Europe's Muslim Capital by Philip Mansel in the June 2003 issue of History Today
• Amy Mills (2005). "Narratives in City Landscapes: Cultural Identity in Istanbul". Geographical Review 95. JSTOR 30034247.
• Josef W. Meri, ed. (2006). "Istanbul". Medieval Islamic Civilization. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7.
• C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Istanbul". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. pp. 180–218. ISBN 9004153888.
• Bruce Stanley (2008), "Istanbul", in Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO, pp. 180–187, ISBN 9781576079195
• Nebahat Avcioğlu (2008). "Istanbul: The Palimpsest City in Search of Its Architext". RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics (53/54). JSTOR 25608817.
• Ebru Boyar (2010), A social history of Ottoman Istanbul, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521199551
• Birge Yildirim (2012), Transformation Of Public Squares Of Istanbul Between 1938—1949 – via International Planning History Society
• Gerhard Böwering, ed. (2013). "Istanbul". Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-13484-7.

External links

• Europeana. Items related to Istanbul, various dates.
• "Istanbul". Islamic Cultural Heritage Database. Istanbul: Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture. Archived from the original on 16 May 2013.
• ArchNet. "Istanbul". Archived from the original on 25 February 2012.