Timeline of Medina

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Medina, Saudi Arabia.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Prior to 20th century

• 6th century BCE - Yathrib settled "by three Jewish tribes, the Banu Quynuqa, the Banu Qurayza, and the Banu Nadir."^[1]

• 622 CE / 0-1 H
  • Muhammad arrives from Mecca, with followers (muhajirun).^[2][3]
  • Quba Mosque and Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (Mosque of the Prophet) built.^[1]
  • Yathrib renamed "Medina."^[4]
  • Baqi Cemetery established.
• 623 CE - Masjid al-Qiblatain (Mosque of the two Qiblas) built.
• 624 CE - Prophet's House built.^[1]
• 627
  • March–April: Battle of the Trench.^[5]
  • Constitution of Medina created (approximate date).^[6]
• 630 - Medina and Mecca "established as the holy cities of Islam."^[3]
• 632 CE / 11 H
  • 8 June: Death of Muhammad.
  • Abu Bakr appointed caliph; Rashidun Caliphate established.^[3]
• 634 - Umar becomes caliph.
• 639 - Hijri year calendar devised.
• 644 - Uthman ibn Affan becomes caliph.
• 656 - Ali becomes caliph and moves capital from Medina to Kufa.^[6][7]
• 661 - Umayyad Caliphate established; capital moved from Medina to Damascus.^[1]
• 662 - Marwan ibn al-Hakam becomes Governor of Madina.
• 683 - Medina sacked by Umayyads.^[8]
• 8th century - Sharia (Islamic law) codified in Medina.^[3]
• 706 - Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz becomes Governor of Madina.
• 707 - Al-Masjid al-Nabawi rebuilt.^[9]
• 975 - City wall built.^[6]
• 1162 - City wall expanded.^[6]
• 1513 - Al-Hajjaria waqf (trust) incorporated.
• 1517 - Ottoman Turks in power.^[5][10]
• 1804 - Wahhabis in power.^[8][11]
• 1812 - November: Battle of Medina (1812); Turks in power.^[11]
• 1837 - Al-Masjid al-Nabawi dome painted green.
• 1872 - Medina becomes part of the Ottoman Hejaz Vilayet.
• 1896 - Telephone line installed.^[12]

20th century

• 1908 - Hejaz Railway (Damascus-Medina) begins operating.^[3]
• 1916 - Siege of Medina begins.
• 1919 - January: Siege of Medina ends; Arabs in power.^[13]
• 1925 - Medina becomes part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.^[11]
• 1937 - Italian-Muslim hospital founded.^[14]
• 1953 - Baqi Cemetery expanded.^[14]
• 1955 - Al-Masjid al-Nabawi enlarged.^[14]
• 1961 - Islamic University of Madinah established.^[12][15]
• 1974 - Mohammad Airport opens.
• 1985 - King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Quran begins operating.
• 1986 - Quba Mosque rebuilt.^[1]

21st century

• 2001 - 15 March: Chechen hijacking of Russian aircraft.^[3]
• 2003 - Taibah University established.
• 2006 - Hejaz Railway Museum opens.
• 2010 - Population: 1,180,770.
• 2014 - 8 February: 2014 Medina hotel fire.

See also

• History of Medina
• Other names of Medina

Other cities in Saudi Arabia

• Timeline of Jeddah
• Timeline of Mecca
• Timeline of Riyadh

References

1. ArchNet. "Medina". Archived from the original on 17 October 2013.
2. Cyril Glassé, ed. (2003). New Encyclopedia of Islam. AltaMira Press. ISBN 978-0-7591-0190-6.
3. David Lea, ed. (2001). A Political Chronology of the Middle East. Europa. ISBN 978-1-85743-115-5.
4. Ziauddin Sardar (2014). Mecca: The Sacred City. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-62040-266-5.
5. John L. Esposito (2003). "Chronology of Key Events". Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-975726-8.
6. John Block Friedman; Kristen Mossler Figg (2000). "Medina". Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-59094-9.
7. Richard C. Martín (2004). "Holy Cities: Medina". Encyclopedia of Islam & the Muslim World. Granite Hill Publishers. ISBN 978-0-02-865603-8.
8. Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 1176, OL 6112221M
9. "Arabian Peninsula, 500–1000 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved October 2014.
10. Andrew Rippin, ed. (2013). Islamic World. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-80343-7.
11. Noelle Watson, ed. (1996). "Medina". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. pp. 487+. ISBN 1884964036.
12. Richard Bayley Winder (1984). "Al-Madina". Encyclopedia of Islam. Leiden: Brill. pp. 997–1007.
13. Elie Kedourie (1977). "Surrender of Medina, January 1919". Middle Eastern Studies 13. JSTOR 4282625.
14. C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Medina". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. pp. 380–395.
15. Jörg Matthias Determann (2013). Historiography in Saudi Arabia: Globalization and the State in the Middle East. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85772-302-4.

Further reading

Published in the 19th century

• Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Medina", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
• Josiah Conder (1830), "Medinah", Arabia, The Modern Traveller 4, London: J.Duncan
• Richard Burton (1857), "El Medinah", Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to el Medinah and Meccah (2nd ed.), London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts, OCLC 5778233
• "Medina". American Cyclopedia. D. Appleton & Company. 1879.

Published in the 20th century

• "Medina", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
• Philip Khuri Hitti (1973). "Medina". Capital Cities of Arab Islam. University of Minnesota Press. p. 33+. ISBN 978-0-8166-0663-4.
• Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (1987). The Foundation of the Community: Muhammad At Al-Madina A.D. 622-626/Hijrah-4 A.H. History of al-Tabari 7. M. V. McDonald, translator; W. Montgomery Watt, annotator. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-88706-344-6. (written in 9th/10th century)
• Andrew Petersen (1996). "Medina". Dictionary of Islamic Architecture. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-61365-6.
• Werner Ende (1997). "The Nakhāwila, a Shite Community in Medina Past and Present". Die Welt des Islams 37. JSTOR 1570656.

Published in the 21st century

• Stefano Bianca (2000), "Case Study 1: The Holy Cities of Islam - The Impact of Mass Transportation and Rapid Urban Change", Urban Form in the Arab World, Zurich: ETH Zurich, ISBN 3728119725, 0500282056
• Josef W. Meri, ed. (2006). "Medina". Medieval Islamic Civilization. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7.
• Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Madinah", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO, p. 237+
• Harry Munt (2014). The Holy City of Medina: Sacred Space in Early Islamic Arabia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-99272-5.

External links