Timeline of Naples

Map of Naples, 1572

An 18th-century painting depicting an eruption of Mount Vesuvius.

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Naples. The Naples area has been inhabited since the Neolithic period. The oldest traces of the Greek civilization in the Naples area dated back to the 2nd millennium BC. During its long history, Naples has been captured, destroyed and attacked many times. The city has seen earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, foreign invasions and revolutions.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Prior to 12th century

• 2nd millennium B.C. - first Greek settlements established in the Naples area.^[1]
• 9th century B.C. - sailors from the Greek island of Rhodes established a small commercial port called Parthenope on the Island of Megaride.
• 8th century B.C. - the settlement also included "Monte Echia" (Echia mountain).
• 6th century B.C. - Neapolis, the new urban zone, was founded. The primitive center is called Palaipolis (old city).
• 5th century B.C. - Naples is conquered by the Samnites.
• 4th century B.C. - Naples is conquered by the Romans.
• 37 B.C. - Crypta Neapolitana built (approximate date).
• 79 A.D. - Big eruption of Vesuvius: many towns near Naples are destroyed (Pompeii, Herculaneum, etc.).
• 190 A.D. - Catholic Diocese of Naples established (approximate date).^[2]
• 3rd century A.D. - Catacombs of San Gennaro in use.
• 511 A.D. (about) - The last Western Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustulus, dies in Naples.
• 536 A.D. - Siege and capture of Naples by the Byzantines.
• 542–543 A.D. - Siege and capture of Naples by the Goths.
• 615 - Rebellion.
• 638 - Duchy of Naples created.
• 763 - Naples becomes an independent duchy.
• 830s - Naples is threatened by Sicard of Benevento.
• 10th century - Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Naples established.^[2]
• 902 - After numerous assaults, the Neapolitans defeat the Saracens on the Garigliano River.

12th-16th centuries

Naples Cathedral was built in 1313

• 1139 - Ruggiero the Norman enters in the city.
• 1165 - The first castle of Naples: Castel Capuano.
• 1194 - Naples is conquered by the Swabians.
• 1224 - University founded.
• 1266 - Charles of Anjou in power. Naples became the capital of the Kingdom of Sicily.
• 1282 - Castel Nuovo built.
• 1309 - Robert of Anjou is proclaimed King of Naples.
• 1313 - Naples Cathedral built.
• 1340 - Santa Chiara built.
• 1343 - Sant'Elmo expanded.
• 1349 - Earthquake.
• 1368 - Certosa di San Martino inaugurated.
• 1382 - Argonauts of Saint Nicholas instituted.
• 1438 - Renato of Anjou is the king of Naples.
• 1442 - Alfonso V of Aragon conquers Naples. Naples became the capital of the Crown of Aragon.
• 1471 - Printing press in operation.^[3]
• 1485 - Ferrante I of Naples prevents the revolt of the Barons.
• 1487 - Villa Poggio Reale construction begun by Alfonso II
• 1495 - Charles VIII of France conquers Naples.
• 1503 - Naples added to the Spanish Empire.
• 1532 - Don Pedro de Toledo is the new Viceroy; he promotes the expansion of the city.
• 1550 - La Commedia theatre built (approximate date).

17th century

• 1600 - Royal Palace of Naples construction begins.
• 1620 - Teatro San Bartolomeo (theatre) built.
• 1631 - Big eruption of Vesuvius, many little towns near Naples are destroyed.
• 1636 - Ponte di Chiaia built.
• 1647 - Rebellion against the king (Philip III) and his viceroys; Neapolitan Republic created and later suppressed.
• 1650
  • Spire of San Gennaro erected
  • Performance of opera Didone.^[4]
  • Naples with about 450,000 people is became one of the largest cities of the Habsburg Empire.
• 1654 - Archbishop's Palace expanded.
• 1656
  • Plague.
  • Fontanelle cemetery established.
• 1667 - San Gennaro dei Poveri founded.
• 1694 - 28 January: Premiere of Alessandro Scarlatti's opera Pirro e Demetrio.^[5]

18th century

The Palace of Capodimonte was built in 1742

• 1707 - Naples is conquered by the Austrians.
• 1730 - Palazzo Serra di Cassano built.
• 1734 - Charles of Bourbon is proclaimed King of Naples.
• 1737
  • Teatro di San Carlo inaugurated.
  • Spire of San Domenico erected.
• 1738 - Re-discovery of Herculaneum.
• 1742 - Palace of Capodimonte built.
• 1743 - Capodimonte porcelain manufactory established.
• 1750 - Spire of the Immaculate Virgin erected.
• 1759 - Charles VII is succeeded by Ferdinand IV.
• 1751 - Ospedale L'Albergo Reale dei Poveri construction begins.
• 1757 - Museo di Capodimonte opens.
• 1778 - Palazzo Doria d'Angri built.
• 1779 - Teatro del Real Fondo di Separazione opens.
• 1790 - Teatro San Ferdinando built.
• 1799 - Parthenopean Republic and Army of Naples formed.

19th century

• 1804 - Reale Biblioteca di Napoli opens.
• 1805 - Anglo-Russian invasion.
• 1808 - Gioacchin Murat is the new King of Naples. He promotes administrative reforms and public works.
• 1806 - Napoleon grants the Kingdom of Naples to his brother Joseph.
• 1810 - Botanical Garden opens.
• 1811 - Zoological Museum founded.
• 1815 - Naples is against the Austrian Empire. The intervention by Austria caused resentment in Italy, which further spurred on the drive towards Italian unification.
• 1816
  • City becomes capital of Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
  • L'Hortus Camaldulensis di Napoli established.
  • Real Museo Borbonico inaugurated.^[6]
• 1819 - Villa Floridiana built.
• 1820 - Revolution of July.
• 1821 - Flag of Naples red and yellow design adopted.
• 1826
  • English Cemetery established.
  • Villa Pignatelli built.
• 1835 - Premiere of Donizetti's opera Lucia di Lammermoor.^[7]
• 1839 - Napoli-Portici railway begins operating.
• 1848 - The revolutionary movements produce a parliament and a new constitution, but the following year the parliament is dissolved.
• 1859 - Francesco II is the last King of the Two Sicilies.
• 1860
  • Constitution.
  • Population: 450,000.
• 1861 - Garibaldi arrives.
• 1870 - Many revolts against the unitary state. In particularry in the countryside. This is the principle of the "southern question".
• 1866 - Napoli Centrale railway station built.
• 1867 - Majello porcelain manufactory established.
• 1869 - Villa Comunale opens.
• 1882 - Filangieri Museum opens.
• 1883 - Galleria Principe di Napoli (shopping arcade) built.
• 1884 - Cholera epidemic. One year later is proclaimed the big "Restoration of Naples".
• 1890 - Circumvesuviana founded.
• 1891 - Galleria Umberto I built.
• 1892 - Il Mattino begins publication.

20th century

• 1906 - Mount Vesuvius erupts.
• 1925 - Stadio Arturo Collana opens. In September, opening of the Metro Fs, the current Line 2 (first in Italy).
• 1930 - Parco Virgiliano (Mergellina) established (approximate date).
• 1940 - Bombing begins. Inauguration of the Mostra d'Oltremare: an expositive and entertainment complex promoted by the Fascist regime.
• 1943
  • September - Four days of Naples.
  • October - Post-office bombing.
• 1944 - Naples is occupied by the Americans. In the same year, the last eruption of Vesuvius.
• 1945 - With the film The Millions of Naples, start the successes of the works of Eduardo De Filippo.
• 1950 - Naples Airport operating commercial flights.
• 1959 - Stadio San Paolo opens.
• 1963 - The film "Hands on the city," is the strong complaint of the political and social climate of the time.
• 1971 - Population of the Comune (administrative limits): 1,250,000.
• 1975 - Vele di Scampia built.^[8]
• 1980 - 1980 Irpinia earthquake destroys many little towns near Naples.
• 1982 - Inauguration of the business district, the Centro Direzionale.
• 1990 - City hosts FIFA World Cup.
• 1993 - Line 1 (Naples Metro) begins operating.
• 1994 - City hosts 20th G7 summit.
• 1995 - Telecom Italia Tower built.
• 1996 - Città della Scienza founded.
• 1997 - Corriere del Mezzogiorno begins publication.

21st century

• 2000 - Secret Museum re-opens.
• 2001 - Coral Jewellery Museum opens.
• 2005 - Rome–Naples high-speed railway begins operating.
• 2006 - il Napoli newspaper begins publication.
• 2007
  • Line 6 (Naples Metro) begins operating.
  • The waste emergency, the uncontrolled crime disfigure the image of Naples in the world.
• 2010 - Circumvesuviana derailment.
• 2011 - Luigi de Magistris becomes mayor.
• 2012
  • Milan-Naples Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori (train) begins operating.^[9]
  • World Urban Forum held.

See also

• History of Naples
• List of mayors of Naples

References

1. Books.google.it
2. "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Italy". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved June 2015.
3. Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Italy: Napoli". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company – via HathiTrust.
4. Joseph P. Swain (2013). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Baroque Music. USA: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7825-9.
5. Stephen Rose (2005). "Chronology". In Tim Carter and John Butt. Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Music. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79273-8.
6. "Storia del Museo". Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
7. "Timeline of opera", Oxford Music Online (Oxford University Press), retrieved June 2015
8. "Seven Leading Architects Defend the World's Most Hated Buildings", New York Times, 5 June 2015
9. Encyclopaedia Britannica Book of the Year. 2013. ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4.

Bibliography

Published in the 19th century

• "Naples". A Geographical, Historical and Political Description of the Empire of Germany, Holland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Prussia, Italy, Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia: With a Gazetteer. London: John Stockdale. 1800. OCLC 79519893.
• Josiah Conder (1834), "Naples", Italy, The Modern Traveller 33, London: J.Duncan
• Mariana Starke (1839), "Naples", Travels in Europe (9th ed.), Paris: A. and W. Galignani
• David F. Dorr (1858), "Naples", A Colored Man Round the World, Cleveland, Ohio: Printed for the Author, OCLC 2475546
• J. Willoughby Rosse (1859). "Naples". Index of Dates ... Facts in the Chronology and History of the World. London: H.G. Bohn – via Hathi Trust.
• "Naples", Italy, Karl Baedeker, 1867, OCLC 4158305
• Noah Brooks (1895), "Naples", The Mediterranean Trip, C. Scribner's Sons, OCLC 1315401

Published in the 20th century

• "Naples and its Nearer Environs", Italy from the Alps to Naples (2nd ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1909, OCLC 400551
• "Naples", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
• Augustus J. C. Hare (1911), "Naples", Cities of Southern Italy, New York: Dutton
• Trudy Ring, ed. (1996). "Naples". Southern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places 3. Fitzroy Dearborn. OCLC 31045650.
• "Southern Italy: Naples". Italy. Let's Go. 1998. p. 400+. OL 16445167W.

Published in the 21st century

• "Naples". Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global Report 2003. United Nations Human Settlements Programme and University College London. 2003.

External links

• Europeana. Items related to Naples, various dates.

Coordinates: 40°50′42″N 14°15′30″E / 40.845°N 14.258333°E