Timeline of Oran
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Oran, Algeria.
- This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Prior to 20th century
- 1509 - City occupied by Spanish forces.[1]
- 1556 - Siege of Oran (1556).
- 1604 - Fort Santa Cruz built.
- 1708 - Ottomans in power.[2]
- 1732 - Spanish in power.[2]
- 1790 - Earthquake.[2]
- 1791 - Ottomans occupy city.[2]
- 1792 - Mosquée du Bey Mohamed el-Kébir built.
- 1831 - Pujol appointed mayor of Oran.
- 1836 - General Létang transforms the glacis Castle-Nine into a walk which bears its name.
- 1837 - General Bugeaud arrived in Oran to negotiate a new treaty (The Treaty of Tafna, May 20) with Emir Abd El-Kader. On November 14 the Emir signed a treaty with Desmichel recognizing its [whose?] authority to the west of Algiers except for Oran, Mostaganem and Arzew.
- 1845 - General Lamoricière constructed the "Village Nègre."
- 1847 - Following a severe drought lasting several months, a terrible epidemic of cholera strikes, decimating the population of Oran.
- 1848
- Oran becomes the prefecture of the department of the same name.
- Creation of the small Basin of the Old Port (four hectares).
- A civil hospital is built.
- 1849 - Construction of the vault of the Virgin to get rid of the cholera. The members of the first general council of Oran, named by Emperor Napoleon III, meet on December 5, 1858 with the prefecture, with Jules de Pre de Saint-Maur as chairman.
- 1866 - July 25: Creation of the Oran Roman Catholic diocese.
- 1877 - University Hospital of Oran construction begins.
- 1880
- Great Synagogue of Oran built.
- Oran builds a great extension starting from the place d'Armes. The ravine of l'Oued Rouina is filled.
- 1881 - Appearance of the first horse-drawn trams.
- 1885 - Municipal Museum of Oran and Demaeght established.
- 1886 - Inauguration of Hotel de Ville, the City Hall.
- 1899 - First electric trams.
20th century
1900s-1940s
- 1900 - the city has 90,000 inhabitants.
- 1907 - Construction of the theatre.
- 1909 - December 14: the first flight in Oran is carried out by Julien Serviès on a Sommer monoplane at Sénia,. Next 9 January, a great meeting gathers forty thousand people, also in Sénia, in the presence of Marshal Lyautey.
- 1913 - Cathedral Sacré Coeur built.
- 1918 - Dedication of the Great Synagogue of Oran
- 1928 - Oran socialiste newspaper begins publication.
- 1930 - Creation of new districts, less dense and more luxurious: these included higher Gambetta, Bon Reception, the Beavers, Médioni, Small Boulanger, Cité... This development continues overall with the creation of districts even more sumptuous, overflowing the first crown (district of Saint-Hubert, Palm trees, Point of the Day, Gambetta...)
- 1930–32 - Sénia, the Oran aérodrome, is where several world records of duration and distance in closed loop are established.
- 1940
- Beginning of the construction of the new prefecture.
- July 3: following the German invasion of Paris and fall of France, the British fleet attacked from Gibraltar, damaging the French fleet of the Atlantic based at Mers el Kébir. Its bombardment sank three battleships: Dunkerque, Provence and Bretagne. Twelve hundred French sailors died as a result. The British feared that the French fleet could be taken over and used against them. The Vichy government operated in Algeria.
- 1942 - November 8: as prelude to the invasion of Italy, the British and the Americans land at Arzew, and Oran capitulates on November 10.
- 1946 - MC Oran football club formed.
- 1947 - Camus' fictional novel The Plague published.[2]
- 1949 - OS attack post office.[3]
1950s-1990s
See also: Algerian War
- 1950 - Oran has 256,661 inhabitants. Sixty-five percent of the Europeans were of Spanish origin, and they outnumbered the Algerian Muslims in the city.
- 1957 - Parc Municipal des Sports (stadium) opens.
- 1958 - June 6: French president de Gaulle visits city.
- 1960
- Resistance fighters put up their first barricades.
- Palais des Sports Hamou Boutlélis (arena) opens.
- 1961 - August: appearance of the Organisation de l'armée secrète. The census states the population of Oran 400,000 inhabitants: 220,000 Europeans (including many born in Algeria) and 180,000 Algerian Muslims.
- 1962 - Edmond Jouhaud, a chief of the OAS, was arrested on March 25. In June he set fire to port with ten million tons of fuel. The Algerians declared independence and four days later massacred Europeans in Oran. Most survivors of French ancestry left the city, fleeing to France.
- 1965 - University of Oran established.[2]
- 1970 - Population: 385,000 (urban agglomeration).[4]
- 1975 - Abdallah Ibn Salam Mosque established.
- 1980 - Population: 537,000 (urban agglomeration).[4]
- 1985 - Raï music festival held.[5]
- 1988 - 1988 October Riots.[3]
- 1992 - National Centre of Research in Social and Cultural Anthropology headquartered in Oran.
- 1994 - Le Quotidien d'Oran newspaper begins publication.
- 1998 - Population: 655,852.[2]
21st century
- 2008 - Bahia Center (hi-rise) built.
- 2010 - Population: 776,000 (urban agglomeration).[4]
- 2013 - Oran Tramway begins operating.
- 2014 - Renault car manufactory begins operating.[6]
See also
References
- ↑ Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Oran", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO, ISBN 9781576079201
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Phillip C. Naylor (2006). Historical Dictionary of Algeria. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6480-1.
- 1 2 "Algeria". Political Chronology of Africa. Political Chronologies of the World. Europa Publications. 2001. ISBN 0203409957.
- 1 2 3 "The State of African Cities 2014". United Nations Human Settlements Programme. ISBN 978-92-1-132598-0.
- ↑ Marc Schade-Poulsen (1999). Men and Popular Music in Algeria: The Social Significance of Raï. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-77740-8.
- ↑ "Algeria Inaugurates New Renault Plant in Oran", New York Times, 10 November 2014
This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia and Spanish Wikipedia.
Further reading
- "Oran", Cook's Practical Guide to Algiers, Algeria and Tunisia, London: T. Cook & Son, 1904
- Ch. Brossard, ed. (1906). "Oran: Description des villes: Oran". Colonies françaises. Géographie pittoresque et monumentale de la France (in French). Paris: Flammarion. (+ table of contents)
- "Oran", The Mediterranean: Seaports and Sea Routes, including Madeira, the Canary Islands, the Coast of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911, OCLC 490068
External links
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- Europeana. Items related to Oran, various dates.
- Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Oran, various dates
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