Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons

The timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their natural satellites charts the progress of the discovery of new bodies over history. Each object is listed in chronological order of its discovery (multiple dates occur when the moments of imaging, observation, and publication differ), identified through its various designations (including temporary and permanent schemes), and the discoverer(s) listed.

Historically the naming of moons did not always match the times of their discovery. Traditionally, the discoverer enjoys the privilege of naming the new object; however, some neglected to do so (E. E. Barnard stated he would "defer any suggestions as to a name" [for Amalthea] "until a later paper"^[1] but never got around to picking one from the numerous suggestions he received) or actively declined (S. B. Nicholson stated "Many have asked what the new satellites" [Lysithea and Carme] "are to be named. They will be known only by the numbers X and XI, written in Roman numerals, and usually prefixed by the letter J to identify them with Jupiter."^[2]). The issue arose nearly as soon as planetary satellites were discovered: Galileo referred to the four main satellites of Jupiter using numbers while the names suggested by his rival Simon Marius gradually gained universal acceptance. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) eventually started cleaning up the naming business in the late 1970s.

Key

In the following tables, planetary satellites are indicated in bold type (e.g. Moon) while planets and dwarf planets, which directly circle the Sun, are in italic type (e.g. Earth). The tables are sorted by publication/announcement date. Dates are annotated with the following symbols:

• i: for date of first imaging (photography, etc.);
• o: for date of first human visual observation, either through telescope or on photographic plate (the true discovery moment);
• p: for date of announcement or publication.

In a few cases, the date is uncertain and is then marked "(?)".

* Note: Moons marked by an asterisk (*) had complicated discoveries. Some took years to be confirmed, and in several cases were actually lost and rediscovered. Others were found in Voyager photographs years after they were taken.

Color legend

The planets and their natural satellites are marked in the following colors:

Planets   Mercury   Venus   Earth and satellite   Mars and satellites   Jupiter and satellites   Saturn and satellites   Uranus and satellites   Neptune and satellites

Dwarf planets   Ceres   Pluto and satellites   Haumea and satellites   Makemake   Eris and satellite

Designations

• Other designations are synonyms or periphrases sometimes encountered for the object.
• Permanent designations (of planetary satellites) are explained here.
• Temporary designations are explained here.

Prehistory

Prehistory
Name	Image	Other designation	Notes
Sun		Star	In Ptolemy's geocentric model, the Earth was believed to be at the center of the cosmos. Seven planets were placed in orbit around it in an order of increasing distance from the Earth, as established by the Greek Stoics: the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. This list included two objects, the Sun and the Moon, which are no longer considered to be planets; it also excluded the Earth. Anaxagoras first proposed that the Sun is a star around 450 BC, though this was not widely accepted until the 17th century and not proven conclusively until the 19th.[3]
Moon		Earth I	In the Copernican system, the Moon was considered to be no longer a planet but a natural satellite of the Earth, and was originally thought to be the only body in that system whose revolution was not centered on the Sun.
Mercury		1st planet	The inner planets, Mercury and Venus, and the outer planets, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn, were identified by ancient Babylonian astronomers in the 2nd millennium BC.[4] By Aristarchus of Samos, and later in Nicolaus Copernicus' heliocentric system (De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium, 1543), the Earth came to be considered a planet revolving with the other planets around the Sun, in the following order of distance from the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. The Sun, now situated near the center of revolution, was no longer considered a planet.
Venus		2nd planet
Earth		3rd planet
Mars		4th planet
Jupiter		5th planet
Saturn		6th planet

17th century

17th century
Date	Name	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
1610s
o: January 7, 1610 p: March 13, 1610	Ganymede		Jupiter III	Galileo[5][6] discovered the Galilean moons. These satellites were the first celestial objects that were confirmed to orbit an object other than the Sun or Earth. Galileo saw Io and Europa as a single point of light on January 7, 1610; they were seen as separate bodies the following night.[7]
	Callisto		Jupiter IV
o: January 8, 1610 p: March 13, 1610	Io		Jupiter I
	Europa		Jupiter II
1650s
o: March 25, 1655 p: March 5, 1656	Titan		Saturn VI Saturn II (1673–1684), Saturn IV (1686–1789)	Huygens[8] first "published" his discovery as an anagram, sent out on 13 June 1655; later published in pamphlet form as De Saturni luna Observatio Nova and in full in Systema Saturnium[9] (July 1659).
1670s
o: October 25, 1671 p: 1673	Iapetus		Saturn VIII Saturn III (1673–1684), Saturn V (1686–1789), Saturn VII (1789–1848)	Cassini[10]
o: December 23, 1672 p: 1673	Rhea		Saturn V Saturn I (1673–1684), Saturn III (1686–1789)
1680s
o: March 21, 1684 p: April 22, 1686	Tethys		Saturn III Saturn I (1686–1789)	Cassini.[11] Together with his previous two discoveries, Cassini named these satellites Sidera Lodoicea. In his work Kosmotheôros[12] (published posthumously in 1698), Christiaan Huygens relates "Jupiter you see has his four, and Saturn his five Moons about him, all plac’d in their Orbits."
	Dione		Saturn IV Saturn II (1686–1789)
Date	Name	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes

18th century

18th century
Date	Name	Image	Other/Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
1780s
o: March 13, 1781 p: April 26, 1781	Uranus		7th Planet	Herschel first reported the discovery of Uranus on April 26, 1781, initially believing it to be a comet.[13]
o: January 11, 1787 p: February 15, 1787	Titania		Uranus III	Herschel.[14][15] He later reported four more spurious satellites.[16]
	Oberon		Uranus IV
o: August 28, 1789[17] p: November 12, 1789	Enceladus		Saturn II	Herschel[18]
o: September 17, 1789 p: November 12, 1789	Mimas		Saturn I
Date	Name	Image	Other/Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes

19th century

19th century
Date	Name	Image	Other/Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
1800s
o: January 1, 1801 p: January 24, 1801	Ceres		8th Planet (1801) Asteroid (1851) Dwarf planet (2006)	Giuseppe Piazzi. He first announced his discovery on January 24, 1801, in letters to fellow astronomers.[19] The first formal publication was the September 1801 issue of the Monatliche Correspondenz.[20]
1840s
o: September 23, 1846 p: November 13, 1846	Neptune		13th Planet (1846) 8th Planet (1851)	Galle and Le Verrier[21][22]
o: October 10, 1846 p: November 13, 1846	Triton		Neptune I	Lassell[23]
o: September 16, 1848 p: October 1848	Hyperion		Saturn VII	Bond, Bond,[24] Lassell[25]
1850s
o: October 24, 1851	Ariel		Uranus I	Lassell[26]
	Umbriel		Uranus II
1870s
o: August 12, 1877	Deimos		Mars II	Hall[27][28][29]
o: August 18, 1877	Phobos		Mars I
1890s
o: September 9, 1892 p: October 4, 1892	Amalthea		Jupiter V	Barnard[1][30]
i: August 16, 1898 o: March 17, 1899	Phoebe		Saturn IX	Pickering[31][32]
Date	Name	Image	Other/Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes

Early 20th century (1901–1950)

Early 20th century
Date	Name	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
1900s
i: December 3, 1904 p: January 6, 1905	Himalia (Hestia 1955–1975)		Jupiter VI	Perrine[30][33][34]
i: January 2, 1905 p: February 27, 1905	Elara (Hera 1955–1975)		Jupiter VII	Perrine[30][34][35]
i: January 27, 1908 o: February 28, 1908 p: March 1–6, 1908	Pasiphae (Poseidon 1955–1975)		Jupiter VIII	Melotte[30][36][37]
1910s
i: July 21, 1914 p: September 17, 1914	Sinope (Hades 1955–1975)		Jupiter IX	Nicholson[30][38]
1930s
i: January 23, 1930 o: February 18, 1930 p: March 13, 1930	Pluto		9th Planet (1930) Dwarf planet (2006)	Tombaugh[39]
i: July 6, 1938 p: August 1938	Lysithea (Demeter 1955–1975)		Jupiter X	Nicholson[30][40]
i: July 30, 1938 p: August 1938	Carme (Pan 1955–1975)		Jupiter XI
1940s
i: February 16, 1948 p: June 1949	Miranda		Uranus V	Kuiper[30][41]
i: May 1, 1949 p: August 1949	Nereid		Neptune II	Kuiper[30][42][43]
Date	Name	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes

Late 20th century (1951–2000)

Late 20th century
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
1950s
i: September 28, 1951 p: December 1951	Ananke (Adrastea 1955–1975)	—		Jupiter XII	Nicholson[44][45]
1960s
i: December 15, 1966 p: January 3, 1967	Janus*	S/1966 S 2		Saturn X	Dollfus[44][46][47][48][49] (Dollfus may have seen either Janus or Epimetheus)
i: December 18, 1966 p: January 6, 1967	Epimetheus*	S/1980 S 3		Saturn XI	Walker[44][50]
1970s
i: September 11, 1974 p: September 20, 1974	Leda	—	—	Jupiter XIII	Kowal[30][51]
i: September 30, 1975 p: October 3, 1975	Themisto*	S/1975 J 1		Jupiter XVIII	Kowal[30][52] (Discovered and then lost)
i: April 13, 1978 o: June 22, 1978	Charon	S/1978 P 1		Pluto I	Christy[53][54]
i: July 8, 1979 p: November 23, 1979	Adrastea	S/1979 J 1		Jupiter XV	Jewitt, Danielson, Voyager 2[47][55][56][57][58][59]
1980s
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: February 26, 1980 p: March 6, 1980	Epimetheus*	S/1980 S 3		Saturn XI	[44][49][60][61][62][63] (Confirmed by Voyager 1)
i: March 1, 1980 p: March 6, 1980	Helene	S/1980 S 6		Saturn XII	Laques, Lecacheux[30][60][61][62][63]
i: April 8, 1980 p: April 10, 1980	Telesto	S/1980 S 13		Saturn XIII	Smith, Reitsema, Larson, Fountain, Voyager 1[44][63][64]
i: March 5, 1979 p: April 28, 1980	Thebe	S/1979 J 2		Jupiter XIV	Synnott, Voyager 1[44][56][57]
i: February 19, 1980 p: June 6, 1980	Janus*	S/1980 S 1		Saturn X	[47][49][61][62][63] (Confirmed by Voyager 1)
i: March 13, 1980 p: July 31, 1980	Calypso	S/1980 S 25		Saturn XIV	Pascu, Seidelmann, Baum, Currie[44][62][63]
i:March 4, 1979 p: August 26, 1980	Metis	S/1979 J 3		Jupiter XVI	Synnott, Voyager 1[44][57]
o: October 1980 p: October 31, 1980	Prometheus	S/1980 S 27		Saturn XVI	Collins, Voyager 1[65]
	Pandora	S/1980 S 26		Saturn XVII	Collins, Voyager 1[30][65]
o: October 1980 p: November 13, 1980	Atlas	S/1980 S 28		Saturn XV	Terrile, Voyager 1[44][66]
i: May 24, 1981 p: May 29, 1981	Larissa*	S/1981 N 1 S/1989 N 2		Neptune VII	Reitsema, Hubbard, Lebofsky, Tholen, Voyager 2[30][67][68]
i: December 30, 1985 p: January 9, 1986	Puck	S/1985 U 1		Uranus XV	Synnott, Voyager 2[30][69]
i: January 3, 1986 p: January 16, 1986	Juliet	S/1986 U 2		Uranus XI	Synnott, Voyager 2[30][70][71]
	Portia	S/1986 U 1		Uranus XII
i: January 9, 1986 p: January 16, 1986	Cressida	S/1986 U 3		Uranus IX
i: January 13, 1986 p: January 16, 1986	Desdemona	S/1986 U 6		Uranus X
	Rosalind	S/1986 U 4		Uranus XIII
	Belinda	S/1986 U 5		Uranus XIV
i: January 20, 1986 p: January 27, 1986	Cordelia	S/1986 U 7		Uranus VI	Terrile, Voyager 2[30][72]
	Ophelia	S/1986 U 8		Uranus VII
i: January 23, 1986 p: January 27, 1986	Bianca	S/1986 U 9		Uranus VIII	Smith, Voyager 2[30][72]
i: June 16, 1989 p: July 7, 1989	Proteus	S/1989 N 1		Neptune VIII	Synnott, Voyager 2[30][73]
i: July 28, 1989 p: August 2, 1989	Despina	S/1989 N 3		Neptune V	Synnott, Voyager 2[30][68]
	Galatea	S/1989 N 4		Neptune VI
i: September 18, 1989 p: September 29, 1989	Thalassa	S/1989 N 5		Neptune IV	Terrile, Voyager 2[30][74]
	Naiad	S/1989 N 6		Neptune III
1990s
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: August 22, 1981 p: July 16, 1990	Pan*	S/1981 S 13		Saturn XVIII	Showalter, Voyager 2[30][75]
i: August 23, 1981 p: April 14, 1995	Pallene* (see below)	S/1981 S 14		Saturn XXXIII	Gordon, Murray and Beurle[30][76][77]
i: September 6, 1997 p: October 31, 1997	Caliban	S/1997 U 1		Uranus XVI	Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, Kavelaars[30][78]
	Sycorax	S/1997 U 2		Uranus XVII	Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, Kavelaars[78]
i: January 18, 1986 p: May 18, 1999	Perdita*	S/1986 U 10		Uranus XXV	Karkoschka, Voyager 2[30][79]
i: July 18, 1999 p: July 27, 1999	Setebos	S/1999 U 1	—	Uranus XIX	Kavelaars, Gladman, Holman, Petit, Scholl[30][80]
	Stephano	S/1999 U 2	—	Uranus XX	Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl[30][80]
i: July 18, 1999 p: September 4, 1999	Prospero	S/1999 U 3		Uranus XVIII	Holman, Kavelaars, Gladman, Petit, Scholl[30][81]
2000s
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: October 6, 1999 p: July 20, 2000	Callirrhoe	S/1999 J 1		Jupiter XVII	Scotti, Spahr, McMillan, Larsen, Montani, Gleason, Gehrels[30][82][83]
i: August 7, 2000 p: October 25, 2000	Ymir	S/2000 S 1	—	Saturn XIX	Gladman[30][84][85]
	Paaliaq	S/2000 S 2	—	Saturn XX
i: September 23, 2000 p: October 25, 2000	Siarnaq	S/2000 S 3	—	Saturn XXIX	Gladman, Kavelaars[30][86][87]
	Tarvos	S/2000 S 4		Saturn XXI	Kavelaars, Gladman[30][86][87]
i: August 7, 2000 p: November 18, 2000	Kiviuq	S/2000 S 5		Saturn XXIV	Gladman[30][87][88]
i: September 23, 2000 p: November 18, 2000	Ijiraq	S/2000 S 6		Saturn XXII	Kavelaars, Gladman[30][87][88]
i: November 21, 2000 p: November 25, 2000	Themisto*	S/2000 J 1		Jupiter XVIII	Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier (Rediscovered)[30][89][90]
i: September 23, 2000 p: December 7, 2000	Thrymr	S/2000 S 7		Saturn XXX	Gladman, Kavelaars[30][85][91]
	Skathi	S/2000 S 8	—	Saturn XXVII	Kavelaars, Gladman[30][85][91]
	Mundilfari	S/2000 S 9		Saturn XXV	Gladman, Kavelaars[30][85][91]
	Erriapus	S/2000 S 10	—	Saturn XXVIII	Kavelaars, Gladman[30][87][92]
i: November 9, 2000 p: December 19, 2000	Albiorix	S/2000 S 11	—	Saturn XXVI	Holman, Spahr[30][93][94]
i: September 23, 2000 p: December 22, 2000	Suttungr	S/2000 S 12	—	Saturn XXIII	Gladman, Kavelaars[30][95][96]
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes

21st century

2000s

2000s
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: November 23, 2000 p: January 5, 2001	Kalyke	S/2000 J 2	—	Jupiter XXIII	Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans[30][97][98][99]
	Iocaste	S/2000 J 3	—	Jupiter XXIV
	Erinome	S/2000 J 4	—	Jupiter XXV
	Harpalyke	S/2000 J 5	—	Jupiter XXII
	Isonoe	S/2000 J 6	—	Jupiter XXVI
	Praxidike	S/2000 J 7	—	Jupiter XXVII
i: November 25, 2000 p: January 5, 2001	Megaclite	S/2000 J 8	—	Jupiter XIX	Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans[30][97][99]
	Taygete	S/2000 J 9	—	Jupiter XX
i: November 26, 2000 p: January 5, 2001	Chaldene	S/2000 J 10	—	Jupiter XXI
i: December 5, 2000 p: January 5, 2001	Dia	S/2000 J 11	—	Jupiter LIII
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: December 9, 2001 p: May 16, 2002	Hermippe	S/2001 J 3		Jupiter XXX	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][100][101]
	Eurydome	S/2001 J 4	—	Jupiter XXXII
	Sponde	S/2001 J 5	—	Jupiter XXXVI
	Kale	S/2001 J 8	—	Jupiter XXXVII
i: December 10, 2001 p: May 16, 2002	Autonoe	S/2001 J 1	—	Jupiter XXVIII
i: December 11, 2001 p: May 16, 2002	Thyone	S/2001 J 2	—	Jupiter XXIX
	Pasithee	S/2001 J 6	—	Jupiter XXXVIII
	Euanthe	S/2001 J 7	—	Jupiter XXXIII
	Orthosie	S/2001 J 9	—	Jupiter XXXV
	Euporie	S/2001 J 10	—	Jupiter XXXIV
	Aitne	S/2001 J 11	—	Jupiter XXXI
i: August 13, 2001 p: September 30, 2002	Trinculo	S/2001 U 1	—	Uranus XXI	Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic[30][102][103]
i: October 31, 2002 p: December 18, 2002	Arche	S/2002 J 1	—	Jupiter XLIII	Sheppard, Meech, Hsieh, Tholen, Tonry[30][104][105]
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: July 23, 2002 p: January 13, 2003	Sao	S/2002 N 2	—	Neptune XI	Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic[30][106][107]
i: August 10, 2002 p: January 13, 2003	Halimede	S/2002 N 1	—	Neptune IX
i: August 11, 2002 p: January 13, 2003	Laomedeia	S/2002 N 3	—	Neptune XII
i: February 5, 2003 p: March 4, 2003	Eukelade	S/2003 J 1	—	Jupiter XLVII	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh[30][108][109]
	(unnamed moons of Jupiter)	S/2003 J 2	—	—
		S/2003 J 3	—
		S/2003 J 4	—
i: February 6, 2003 p: March 4, 2003	(unnamed moon of Jupiter)	S/2003 J 5	—	—
	Helike	S/2003 J 6	—	Jupiter XLV
i: February 8, 2003 p: March 4, 2003	Aoede	S/2003 J 7	—	Jupiter XLI
i: February 8, 2003 p: March 6, 2003	Hegemone	S/2003 J 8	—	Jupiter XXXIX	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández[30][110][111]
i: February 6, 2003 p: March 7, 2003	(unnamed moons of Jupiter)	S/2003 J 9	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández[30][112][113]
		S/2003 J 10	—
	Kallichore	S/2003 J 11	—	Jupiter XLIV
i: February 8, 2003 p: March 7, 2003	(unnamed moon of Jupiter)	S/2003 J 12	—	—
i: February 9, 2003 p: April 2, 2003	Cyllene	S/2003 J 13	—	Jupiter XLVIII	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][114][115]
i: February 8, 2003 p: April 3, 2003	Kore	S/2003 J 14	—	Jupiter XLIX	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][114][116]
i: February 6, 2003 p: April 3, 2003	(unnamed moons of Jupiter)	S/2003 J 15	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández[114][117]
		S/2003 J 16	—		Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen[114][118]
i: February 8, 2003 p: April 3, 2003	Herse	S/2003 J 17	—	Jupiter L	Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen[30][114][119]
i: February 6, 2003 p: April 4, 2003	(unnamed moon of Jupiter)	S/2003 J 18	—	—	Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][114][120]
i: February 5, 2003 p: April 8, 2003	Narvi	S/2003 S 1	—	Saturn XXXI	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][114][121]
i: February 6, 2003 p: April 12, 2003	(unnamed moon of Jupiter)	S/2003 J 19	—	—	Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen[122][123]
i: February 9, 2003 p: April 14, 2003	Carpo	S/2003 J 20	—	Jupiter XLVI	Sheppard, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][122][124]
i: February 6, 2003 p: May 29, 2003	Mneme	S/2003 J 21	—	Jupiter XL	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen[30][125][126]
i: January 18, 1986 p: September 3, 2003	Perdita*	S/1986 U 10	—	Uranus XXV	Karkoschka (Recovered by the Hubble Space Telescope)[30][79][127]
i: August 29, 2003 p: September 3, 2003	Psamathe	S/2003 N 1	—	Neptune X	Jewitt, Kleyna, Sheppard, Holman, Kavelaars[30][128][129]
i: August 25, 2003 p: September 25, 2003	Mab	S/2003 U 1	—	Uranus XXVI	Showalter, Lissauer[130]
	Cupid	S/2003 U 2	—	Uranus XXVII
i: August 13, 2001 p: September 30, 2003	Ferdinand*	S/2001 U 2	—	Uranus XXIV	2001: Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic; 2003: Sheppard, Jewitt[30][131][132]
i: August 14, 2002 p: September 30, 2003	Neso*	S/2002 N 4	—	Neptune XIII	Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic[30][131][133]
i: August 13, 2001 p: October 8, 2003	Francisco*	S/2001 U 3		Uranus XXII	Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic, Gladman[30][134]
i: August 29, 2003 p: October 9, 2003	Margaret	S/2003 U 3	—	Uranus XXIII	Sheppard, Jewitt[30][135][136]
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: February 9, 2003 p: January 24, 2004	Thelxinoe*	S/2003 J 22	—	Jupiter XLII	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen[30][137][138] (From images taken in 2003)
i: February 6, 2003 p: January 31, 2004	(unnamed moon of Jupiter)	S/2003 J 23*		—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández[139][140]
i: June 1, 2004 p: August 16, 2004	Methone*	S/2004 S 1		Saturn XXXII	Cassini–Huygens[30][141][142]
	Pallene	S/2004 S 2 =S/1981 S 14		Saturn XXXIII
i: October 21, 2004 o: October 24, 2004 p: November 8, 2004	Polydeuces	S/2004 S 5		Saturn XXXIV	Cassini–Huygens[30][143]
i: May 6, 2004 o: December 28, 2004 p: July 29, 2005	Haumea	(136108) 2003 EL61	—	Dwarf planet	(Ortiz, Aceituno Castro, Santos-Sanz)[30][144] or (Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz)[145][146] (see the Controversy over the discovery of Haumea)
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: December 12, 2004 p: May 3, 2005	(unnamed moon of Saturn)	S/2004 S 7	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden[30][147]
	Fornjot	S/2004 S 8		Saturn XLII
	Farbauti	S/2004 S 9	—	Saturn XL
	Aegir	S/2004 S 10	—	Saturn XXXVI
	Bebhionn	S/2004 S 11		Saturn XXXVII
	(unnamed moons of Saturn)	S/2004 S 12	—	—
		S/2004 S 13
	Hati	S/2004 S 14	—	Saturn XLIII
	Bergelmir	S/2004 S 15		Saturn XXXVIII
i: December 13, 2004 p: May 3, 2005	Fenrir	S/2004 S 16	—	Saturn XLI
	(unnamed moon of Saturn)	S/2004 S 17	—	—
	Bestla	S/2004 S 18	—	Saturn XXXIX
i: May 1, 2005 p: May 6, 2005	Daphnis	S/2005 S 1		Saturn XXXV	Cassini–Huygens[148]
i: October 21, 2003 o: January 5, 2005 p: July 29, 2005	Eris	(136199) 2003 UB313		Dwarf planet	Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz[30][145][149]
o: January 26, 2005 p: July 29, 2005	Hiʻiaka	S/2005 (136108) 1	—	Haumea I	Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz[30][150]
i: March 31, 2005 p: July 29, 2005	Makemake	(136472) 2005 FY9	—	Dwarf planet	Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz[145][151]
o: June 30, 2005 p: July 29, 2005	Namaka	S/2005 (136108) 2	—	Haumea II	Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz[152]
i: September 10, 2005 p: October 3, 2005	Dysnomia	S/2005 (136199) 1		Eris I	Brown, van Dam, Bouchez, Le Mignant, Campbell, Chin, Conrad, Hartman, Johansson, Lafon, Rabinowitz, Stomski, Summers, Trujillo, Wizinowich[153]
i: May 15, 2005 o: June 15, 2005 p: October 31, 2005	Nix	S/2005 P 2		Pluto II	Weaver, Stern, Mutchler, Steffl, Buie, Merline, Spencer, Young, Young[154]
	Hydra	S/2005 P 1		Pluto III
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: December 12, 2004 o: March 6, 2006 (?) p: June 26, 2006	Hyrrokkin	S/2004 S 19	—	Saturn XLIV	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][155][156]
i: January 4, 2006 o: March 6, 2006 (?) p: June 26, 2006	(unnamed moon of Saturn)	S/2006 S 1	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][156][157]
	Kari	S/2006 S 2		Saturn XLV
i: January 5, 2006 o: March 6, 2006 (?) p: June 26, 2006	(unnamed moon of Saturn)	S/2006 S 3	—	—
	Greip	S/2006 S 4	—	Saturn LI
	Loge	S/2006 S 5	—	Saturn XLVI
	Jarnsaxa	S/2006 S 6	—	Saturn L
	Surtur	S/2006 S 7	—	Saturn XLVIII
	Skoll	S/2006 S 8	—	Saturn XLVII
i: January 5, 2006 o: January 16, 2007 (?) p: April 13, 2007	Tarqeq	S/2007 S 1	—	Saturn LII	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[30][158][159]
i: January 18, 2007 o: ? p: May 1, 2007	(unnamed moons of Saturn)	S/2007 S 2	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna[159][160]
		S/2007 S 3	—	—
i: June 2004 o: May 30, 2007 p: July 18, 2007	Anthe	S/2007 S 4		Saturn XLIX	Cassini–Huygens[30][161]
i: August 15, 2008 p: March 3, 2009	Aegaeon	S/2008 S 1		Saturn LIII	Cassini–Huygens[30][162]
i: July 26, 2009 o: ? p: November 2, 2009	(unnamed moon of Saturn)	S/2009 S 1		—	Cassini–Huygens[163]
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes

2010s

2010s
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: September 7, 2010 p: June 1, 2011	(unnamed moons of Jupiter)	S/2010 J 1	—	Jupiter LI	Jacobson, Brozović, Gladman and Alexandersen[164]
S/2010 J 2		—	Jupiter LII	Veillet[164]
i: June 28, 2011 p: July 20, 2011	Kerberos	S/2011 (134340) 1		Pluto IV	Showalter[165][166]
i: September 27, 2011 p: January 29, 2012	(unnamed moons of Jupiter)	S/2011 J 1	—	—	Sheppard[167]
S/2011 J 2		—	—
i: June 26, 2012 p: July 11, 2012	Styx	S/2012 (134340) 1		Pluto V	Showalter[168]
i: 2004 o: July 1, 2013 p: July 15, 2013	(unnamed moon of Neptune)	S/2004 N 1*		—	Showalter et al.[169]
i: April 2015 p: April 26, 2016	(unnamed moon of Makemake)	S/2015 (136472) 1	—	—	Parker et al.[170][171]
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes

See also

• Timeline of Solar System astronomy
• Timeline of Solar System exploration
• Solar System

References

1. Barnard, Edward Emerson (1892-10-04). "Discovery and observations of a fifth satellite to Jupiter". Astronomical Journal 12 (11): 81–85. Bibcode:1892AJ.....12...81B. doi:10.1086/101715.
2. Nicholson, Seth Barnes (April 1939). "The Satellites of Jupiter". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 51 (300): 85–94. Bibcode:1939PASP...51...85N. doi:10.1086/125010.
3. http://solar-center.stanford.edu/FAQ/Qsunasstar.html
4. Sachs, Abraham J. (2 May 1974). "Babylonian Observational Astronomy". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (Royal Society of London) 276 (1257): 43–50 [45 & 48–9]. Bibcode:1974RSPTA.276...43S. doi:10.1098/rsta.1974.0008. JSTOR 74273.
5. Galilei, Galileo; Sidereus Nuncius, Thomam Baglionum (Tommaso Baglioni), Venice (March 1610), pp. 17–28 (q.v.)
6. Drake, Stillman (1981). Galileo at Work. Courier Dover Publications. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-486-49542-2.
7. Blue, Jennifer (9 November 2009). "Planet and Satellite Names and Discoverers". USGS. Retrieved 13 January 2010.
8. Huygens, Christiaan; De Saturni luna observatio nova, Adriaan Vlacq, Den Haag, 5 March 1656 (click "Scientific work")
9. Hugenii, Cristiani (Christiaan Huygens); Systema Saturnium, Adriani Vlacq, Hagæ-Comitis (The Hague), 1659 (p. 47)
10. Cassini, Giovanni D.; Découverte de deux nouvelles planètes autour de Saturne, Sébastien Mabre-Cramoisy, Paris, 1673. Translated as A Discovery of two New Planets about Saturn, made in the Royal Parisian Observatory by Signor Cassini, Fellow of both the Royal Societys, of England and France; English't out of French., Philosophical Transactions, Vol. 8 (1673), pp. 5178–5185
11. Cassini published these two discoveries on April 22, 1686, according to An Extract of the Journal Des Scavans. of April 22 st. N. 1686. Giving an account of two new Satellites of Saturn, discovered lately by Mr. Cassini at the Royal Observatory at Paris., Philosophical Transactions, Vol. 16 (1686–1692), pp. 79–85
12. Hugenii, Christiani (Christiaan Huygens); Κοσμοθεωρος (Kosmotheôros), Adrianum (Adriaan) Moetjens, Hagæ-Comitum (The Hague), 1698
13. Herschel, William; Account of a Comet. By Mr. Herschel, F. R. S.; communicated by Dr. Watson, Jun. of Bath, F. R. S., Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 71, pp. 492–501
14. Herschel, W. S. (1787). "An Account of the Discovery of Two Satellites Revolving Round the Georgian Planet". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 77: 125–129. doi:10.1098/rstl.1787.0016. JSTOR 106717.
15. Herschel, William; On George's Planet and its satellites, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 78, pp. 364–378, 1788
16. Herschel, William; On the Discovery of Four Additional Satellites of the Georgium Sidus. The Retrograde Motion of Its Old Satellites Announced; And the Cause of Their Disappearance at Certain Distances from the Planet Explained, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 88, pp. 47–79, 1798
17. Jodra, Serge; Les Satellites de Saturne (2004)
18. Herschel, William; Account of the Discovery of a Sixth and Seventh Satellite of the Planet Saturn; with Remarks on the Construction of its Ring, its Atmosphere, its Rotation on an Axis, and its spheroidical Figure, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 80, pp. 1–20, 1790 (read 12 November 1789)
19. Hoskin, Michael (26 June 1992). "Bodes' Law and the Discovery of Ceres". Observatorio Astronomico di Palermo "Giuseppe S. Vaiana". Retrieved 5 July 2007.
20. Forbes, Eric G. (1971). "Gauss and the Discovery of Ceres". Journal for the History of Astronomy 2: 195–199. Bibcode:1971JHA.....2..195F.
21. Airy, George Biddell; Account of some circumstances historically connected with the discovery of the Planet exterior to Uranus, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 7, No. 9 (13 November 1846), pp. 121–152
22. Account of the Discovery of the Planet of Le Verrier at Berlin, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 7, No. 9 (13 November 1846), pp. 153–157
23. Lassell, William; Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 7, No. 9 (13 November 1846), reported in Account of the Discovery of the Planet of Le Verrier at Berlin, ibid., pp. 153–157
24. Bond, William C.; Discovery of a new Satellite of Saturn, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 9, No. 1 (10 November 1848), pp. 1–2
25. Lassell, W.; Discovery of a new Satellite of Saturn, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 8 No. 9 Supplement (undated, some time after 24 September 1848), pp. 195–197
26. Lassell, W.; Letter from William Lassell, Esq., to the Editor, Astronomical Journal, Vol. 2, No. 33 (1851), p. 70 (signed 11 November 1851)
27. Christie, William H. M.; The Satellites of Mars, The Observatory, Vol. 1, No. 6 (20 September 1877), pp. 181–185
28. Hall, Asaph; Observations of the Satellites of Mars (signed 21 September 1877), Astronomische Nachrichten, Vol. 91, No. 2161 (17 October 1877), pp. 11/12–13/14
29. Hall, Asaph; The Discovery of the Satellites of Mars (signed 28 December 1877), Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 38, No. 4 (8 February 1878), pp. 205–209
30. Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature: Planet and Satellite Names and Discoverers
31. Pickering, Edward C.; A New Satellite of Saturn, Harvard College Observatory Bulletin, No. 49 (17 March 1899), p. 1
32. Pickering, Edward C.; A New Satellite of Saturn (signed 10 April 1899), Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 9, No. 4 (April 1899), pp. 274–276
33. Campbell, William W.; Sixth Satellite of Jupiter, Harvard College Observatory Bulletin, No. 173 (6 January 1905), p. 1

    Perrine, Charles D.; Discovery of a Sixth Satellite to Jupiter (signed 30 January 1905), Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 17, No. 100 (10 February 1905), pp. 22–23

    Aitken, Robert G.; Visual Observation of Satellite VI to Jupiter (signed 30 January 1905), Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 17, No. 100 (10 February 1905), pp. 23–24

    Discovery of a Sixth Satellite of Jupiter, Astronomical Journal, Vol. 24, No. 19 (whole No. 571, 28 March 1905), p. 160

34. Perrine, Charles D.; Orbits of the sixth and seventh satellites of Jupiter (signed 28 May 1905), Astronomische Nachrichten, Vol. 169, No. 4035 (24 July 1905), p. 43/44
35. Campbell, William W.; A Seventh Satellite of Jupiter, Harvard College Observatory Bulletin, No. 178 (27 February 1905), p. 1

    The Seventh Satellite of Jupiter (signed 30 March 1905), Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 17, No. 101 (10 April 1905), pp. 56–57

36. Perrine, Charles D.; Recent Observations of the Moving Object near Jupiter, Discovered at Greenwich by Mr. J. Melotte (signed 21 May 1908), Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 20, No. 120 (10 June 1908), p. 184
37. Cowell, Philip H.; Note on the discovery of a Moving Object near Jupiter (1908 CJ), Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 68, No. 5 (13 March 1908), p. 373
38. Nicholson, Seth B.; Discovery of the Ninth Satellite of Jupiter (signed 17 September 1914), Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 26, No. 155 (October 1914), pp. 197–198
39. Tombaugh, Clyde W.; The Search for the Ninth Planet, Pluto, Astronomical Society of the Pacific Leaflets, Vol. 5, No. 209 (July 1946), pp. 73–80
40. Nicholson, Seth B.; Two New Satellites of Jupiter (signed August 1938), Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 50, No. 297 (October 1938), pp. 292–293
41. Kuiper, Gerard P.; The Fifth Satellite of Uranus, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 61, No. 360 (June 1949), p. 129
42. Kuiper, Gerard P.; The Second Satellite of Neptune, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 61, No. 361 (August 1949), pp. 175–176
43. Vinter Hansen, Julie M.; Object Near Neptune, IAUC 1212 (1 April 1949)
44. Marsden, Brian G.; GX 1+4; Sats OF JUPITER AND SATURN, IAUC 3872 (30 March 1983)
45. Nicholson, Seth B.; An Unidentified Object Near Jupiter, Probably a New Satellite, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 63, No. 375 (December 1951), pp. 297–299
46. Gingerich, Owen; Probable New Satellite of Saturn, IAUC 1987 (3 January 1967)

    Gingerich, Owen; Saturn X (Janus), IAUC 1995 (1 February 1967)

    Marsden, Brian G.; New Ring and Satellites of Saturn, IAUC 3417 (25 October 1979)

47. Marsden, Brian G.; Saturn, IAUC 3454 (25 February 1980)
48. Marsden, Brian G.; 1980 S 2, IAUC 3456 (29 February 1980)
49. Marsden, Brian G.; Saturn, IAUC 3497 (4 August 1980)
50. Gingerich, Owen; Possible New Satellite of Saturn, IAUC 1991 (6 January 1967)
51. Kowal, Charles T.; Thirteenth satellite of Jupiter, Astronomical Journal, Vol. 80, No. 6 (June 1975), pp. 460–464

    Marsden, Brian G.; Probable New Satellite of Jupiter, IAUC 2702 (20 September 1974)

    Marsden, Brian G.; Probable New Satellite of Jupiter, IAUC 2703 (1 October 1974)

    Marsden, Brian G.; Jupiter XIII, IAUC 2711 (24 October 1974)

52. Marsden, Brian G.; Probable New Satellite of Jupiter, IAUC 2845 (3 October 1975)

    Marsden, Brian G.; Probable New Satellite of Jupiter, IAUC 2855 (23 October 1975)

    Marsden, Brian G.; Probable New Satellite of Jupiter, IAUC 2899 (9 January 1976)

53. Marsden, Brian G.; 1978 P 1, IAUC 3241 (7 July 1978)
54. Christy, James W.; Harrington, Robert S.; The satellite of Pluto, Astronomical Journal, Vol. 83, No. 8 (August 1978), pp. 1005–1008
55. Jewitt, David C., Danielson, G. Edward, Synnott, Stephen P.; Discovery of a new Jupiter satellite, Science, Vol. 206, No. 4421 (23 November 1979), p. 951
56. Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Jupiter, IAUC 3470 (28 April 1980)
57. Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Jupiter, IAUC 3507 (26 August 1980)
58. Hamilton, Calvin J.; Discovery Image of Adrastea, Views of the Solar System (1995–2007)
59. Jovian System Data Analysis Program; Voyager 2 Jupiter Image 20630.53, NASA Planetary Data System Rings Node (20 February 1997)
60. Marsden, Brian G.; Saturn, IAUC 3457 (6 March 1980)
61. Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Saturn, IAUC 3483 (6 June 1980)
62. Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Saturn, IAUC 3496 (31 July 1980)
63. Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Saturn, IAUC 3534 (7 November 1980)
64. Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Saturn, IAUC 3466 (10 April 1980)
65. Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Saturn, IAUC 3532 (31 October 1980)
66. Marsden, Brian G.; 1980 S 28, IAUC 3539 (13 November 1980)
67. Marsden, Brian G.; 1981 N 1, IAUC 3608 (29 May 1981)
68. Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Neptune, IAUC 4824 (2 August 1989)
69. Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Uranus and Neptune, IAUC 4159 (9 January 1986)
70. Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Uranus, IAUC 4164 (16 January 1986)
71. Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Uranus, IAUC 4165 (17 January 1986)
72. Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites and Rings of Uranus, IAUC 4168 (27 January 1986)
73. Marsden, Brian G.; 1989 N 1, IAUC 4806 (7 July 1989)
74. Marsden, Brian G.; Neptune, IAUC 4867 (29 September 1989)
75. Green, Daniel W. E.; Saturn, IAUC 5052 (16 July 1990)
76. Green, Daniel W. E.; Possible Satellites of Saturn, IAUC 6162 (14 April 1995)
77. Gordon, Mitchell K.; Murray, Carl D.; and Beurle, Kevin; Further Evidence for the Existence of Additional Small Satellites of Saturn, Icarus, Vol. 121, No. 1 (May 1996), pp. 114–125
78. Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Uranus, IAUC 6764 (31 October 1997)
79. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/1986 U 10, IAUC 7171 (18 May 1999)
80. Marsden, Brian G.; Probable New Satellites of Uranus, IAUC 7230 (27 July 1999)
81. Marsden, Brian G.; Probable New Satellites of Uranus, IAUC 7248 (4 September 1999)
82. Marsden, Brian G.; S/1999 J 1, IAUC 7460 (20 July 2000)
83. New Outer Satellite of Jupiter Discovered, Joint press release, Minor Planet Center and the Spacewatch Project (2000?)
84. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 1 and S/2000 S 2, IAUC 7512 (25 October 2000)
85. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 1, S/2000 S 2, S/2000 S 7, S/2000 S 8, S/2000 S 9, MPEC 2000-Y15 (19 December 2000)
86. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 3 and S/2000 S 4, IAUC 7513 (25 October 2000)
87. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 3, S/2000 S 4, S/2000 S 5, S/2000 S 6, S/2000 S 10, MPEC 2000-Y14 (19 December 2000)
88. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 5 and S/2000 S 6, IAUC 7521 (18 November 2000)
89. Marsden, Brian G.; S/1975 J 1 = S/2000 J 1, IAUC 7525 (25 November 2000)
90. S/1975 J 1 = S/2000 J 1, S/1999 J 1, MPEC 2000-Y16 (19 December 2000)
91. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 7, S/2000 S 8, S/2000 S 9, IAUC 7538 (7 December 2000)
92. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 10, IAUC 7539 (7 December 2000)
93. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2000 S 11, IAUC 7545 (19 December 2000)
94. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 11, MPEC 2000-Y13 (19 December 2000)
95. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 12, IAUC 7548 (23 December 2000)
96. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 12, MPEC 2000-Y33 (22 December 2000)
97. Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Jupiter, IAUC 7555 (5 January 2001)
98. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 J 2, S/2000 J 3, S/2000 J 4, S/2000 J 5, S/2000 J 6, MPEC 2001-A28 (5 January 2001)
99. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 J 7, S/2000 J 8, S/2000 J 9, S/2000 J 10, S/2000 J 11, MPEC 2001-A29 (5 January 2001)
100. Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Jupiter, IAUC 7900 (16 May 2002)
101. Marsden, Brian G.; Eleven New Satellites of Jupiter, MPEC 2002-J54 (15 May 2002)
102. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2001 U 1, IAUC 7980 (30 September 2002)
103. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2001 U 1, MPEC 2002-S64 (30 September 2002)
104. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2002 J 1, IAUC 8035 (18 December 2002)
105. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2002 J 1, MPEC 2002-Y22 (18 December 2002)
106. Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Neptune, IAUC 8047 (13 January 2003)
107. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2002 N 1, 2002 N 2, 2002 N3, MPEC 2003-A75 (13 January 2003)
108. Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Jupiter, IAUC 8087 (4 March 2003)
109. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 1, 2003 J 2, 2003 J 3, 2003 J 4, 2003 J 5, 2003 J 6, 2003 J 7, MPEC 2003-E11 (4 March 2003)
110. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2003 J 8, IAUC 8088 (6 March 2003)
111. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 8, MPEC 2003-E15 (6 March 2003)
112. Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Jupiter, IAUC 8089 (7 March 2003)
113. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 9, 2003 J 10, 2003 J 11, 2003 J 12; S/2003 J 1, 2003 J 6, MPEC 2003-E29 (7 March 2003)
114. Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn, IAUC 8116 (11 April 2003)
115. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 13, MPEC 2003-G09 (2 April 2003)
116. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 14, MPEC 2003-G10 (3 April 2003)
117. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 15, MPEC 2003-G17 (3 April 2003)
118. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 16, MPEC 2003-G18 (3 April 2003)
119. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 17, MPEC 2003-G19 (3 April 2003)
120. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 18, MPEC 2003-G20 (4 April 2003)
121. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 S 1, MPEC 2003-G39 (8 April 2003)
122. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2003 J 19 and S/2003 J 20, IAUC 8125 (30 April 2003)
123. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 19, MPEC 2003-G64 (12 April 2003)
124. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 20, MPEC 2003-G67 (14 April 2003)
125. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2003 J 21, IAUC 8138 (30 May 2003)
126. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 21, MPEC 2003-K45 (29 May 2003)
127. Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Uranus, IAUC (3 September 2003)
128. Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Neptune, IAUC 8193 (3 September 2003)
129. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 N 1, MPEC 2003-G64 (3 September 2003)
130. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2003 U 1 and S/2003 U 2, IAUC 8209 (25 September 2003)
131. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2001 U 2 and S/2002 N 4, IAUC 8213 (1 October 2003)
132. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2001 U 2, MPEC 2003-S105 (30 September 2003)
133. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2002 N 4, MPEC 2003-S107 (30 September 2003)
134. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2001 U 3, IAUC 8216 (8 October 2003)
135. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2003 U 3, IAUC 8217 (9 October 2003)
136. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 U 3, MPEC 2003-T58 (9 October 2003)
137. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2003 J 22, IAUC (25 January 2004)
138. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 22, MPEC 2004-B41 (24 January 2004)
139. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2003 J 23, IAUC 8281 (4 February 2004)
140. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 23, MPEC 2004-B81 (31 January 2004)
141. Martinez, Carolina; Savage, Donald; and Finn, Heidi; Out from the Shadows: Two New Saturnian Moons, JPL Cassini–Huygens News Release 2004-202 (16 August 2004)
142. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2004 S 1 and S/2004 S 2, IAUC 8389 (16 August 2004)
143. Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites and Rings of Saturn, IAUC 8432 (8 November 2004)
144. Pablo Santos-Sanz (26 September 2008). "La historia de Ataecina vs Haumea" (in Spanish). infoastro.com. Retrieved 29 September 2008.
145. Green, Daniel W. E. (29 July 2005). "IAUC 8577".
146. "Santa et al.". NASA Astrobiology Magazine. 10 September 2005. Retrieved 16 October 2008.
147. Lakdawalla, Emily; Twelve New Moons for Saturn, The Planetary Society, Planetary News: Moon Discoveries (2005)

     Jewitt, David C.; Twelve New Moons for Saturn (3 May 2005)

     Green, Daniel W. E.; New Satellites of Saturn, IAUC 8523 (4 May 2005)

     Marsden, Brian G.; Twelve New Satellites of Saturn, MPEC 2005-J13 (3 May 2005)

148. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2005 S 1, IAUC 8524 (6 May 2005)
149. Brown, Michael E. (2006). "The discovery of 2003 UB₃₁₃ Eris, the largest known dwarf planet". Retrieved 3 May 2007.
150. Brown, M. E.; et al. (2005). "Keck Observatory Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics Discovery and Characterization of a Satellite to the Large Kuiper Belt Object 2003 EL₆₁". Astrophysical Journal Letters 632 (1): L45–L48. Bibcode:2005ApJ...632L..45B. doi:10.1086/497641.
151. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 136472 Makemake (2005 FY₉)". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 2008-04-05. Retrieved 11 June 2008.
152. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2005 (2003 EL_61) 2, IAUC 8636 (1 December 2005)
153. Brown, Michael E. (2006). "Dysnomia, the moon of Eris". Retrieved 1 September 2007.
154. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2005 P 1 and S/2005 P 2, IAUC 8625 (31 October 2005) (also as a pdf)
155. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2004 S 19, MPEC 2006-M44 (26 June 2006)
156. Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Saturn, IAUC 8727 (30 June 2006)
157. Marsden, Brian G.; Eight New Satellites of Saturn, MPEC 2006-M45 (26 June 2006)
158. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2007 S 1, MPEC 2007-G38 (13 April 2007)
159. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2007 S 1, S/2007 S 2, and S/2007 S 3, IAUC 8836 (11 May 2007)
160. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2007 S 2, S/2007 S 3, MPEC 2007-J09 (1 May 2007)
161. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2007 S 4, IAUC 8857 (18 July 2007)
162. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2008 S 1, IAUC 9023 (03 March 2009)
163. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2009 S 1, IAUC 9091 (02 November 2009)
164. MPEC 2011-L06: S/2010 J 1 AND S/2010 J 2
165. http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/cbet/cbet002769.txt
166. NASA - NASA's Hubble Discovers Another Moon Around Pluto
167. MPEC 2012-B97 : S/2011 J 1 AND S/2011 J 2 2012 Jan. 29 (issued)
168. Showalter, Mark. Hubble Press Release: Hubble Discovers a Fifth Moon Orbiting Pluto. 11 July 2012.
169. Kelly Beatty (15 July 2013). "Neptune's Newest Moon". Sky & Telescope. Retrieved 15 July 2013.
170. "HubbleSite - NewsCenter - Hubble Discovers Moon Orbiting the Dwarf Planet Makemake (04/26/2016) - The Full Story". hubblesite.org. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
171. Parker, A. H.; Buie, M. W.; Grundy, W. M.; Noll, K. S. (2016-04-25). "Discovery of a Makemakean Moon". preprint. arXiv:1604.07461. Bibcode:2016arXiv160407461P.

External links

• City of Hudson's Natural Satellite Page
• Scott Sheppard's Giant Planet Satellite Page
• JPL Natural Satellite Discovery Data
• James L. Hilton, When did the asteroids become minor planets?