Timeline of female education

This is a timeline of female education. See also:Female education in the United States

17th century

1608: Juliana Morell, a Spanish woman, became the first woman to earn a doctorate degree (indeed, the first woman to earn any type of university degree).^[1][2]

1636: German-born Dutch Anna Maria van Schurman studied as the first female student at the university Utrecht, Netherlands.

1639: The French colony of Acadia, which at the time included part of Maine, had an Ursuline boarding school by 1639 that was geared toward the education of young girls. The school was founded in Quebec City and is still in operation today, though this part of Canada no longer includes the part of Maine that it once did.

1644: Sweden: first female college students, Ursula Agricola and Maria Jonae Palmgren.

1674: In this year Bishop Calderon of Santiago wrote to Queen Mother Marie Anne of Spain concerning the Spanish efforts at colonizing Florida. In his letter he included some comments about the state of education and stated, "The children, both male and female, go to church on work days, to a religious school where they are taught by a teacher whom they call Athequi of the church; [a person] whom the priests have for this service."^[3] This description indicates that the colonies of New Spain had facilities for female education at least by the 1600s. It is not clear how far back this goes; the 1512 laws of Burgos, from over a hundred years earlier, did not specify whether instruction should be for males only: it uses the word hijos, which means sons, but can include daughters if they are mixed in with the boys.

1678: Elena Cornaro Piscopia, an Italian woman, became the first woman to earn a Philosophy doctorate degree, which she earned from the University of Padua in Italy.^[2][4][5]

18th century

1727: Founded in 1727 by the Sisters of the Order of Saint Ursula, Ursuline Academy, New Orleans, is both the oldest continuously operating school for girls and the oldest Catholic school in the United States. The Ursuline Sisters founded this school out of the conviction that the education of women was essential to the development of a civilized, spiritual and just society, and has influenced culture and learning in New Orleans by providing an exceptional education for its women.

1732: Laura Bassi, an Italian woman, became the first woman to officially teach at a European university (the University of Bologna in Italy.) ^[6][7][8][9]

1742: At only 16 years of age, Countess Benigna von Zinzendorf established the first all-girls boarding school in America, sponsored by her father Count Nicholas von Zinzendorf. Originally known as the Bethlehem Female Seminary upon its 1742 founding, it changed its name to Moravian Seminary and College for Women by 1913. 1863 proved the Germantown, Pennsylvania-based school’s most landmark year, however, when the state recognized it as a college and granted it permission to reward bachelor's degrees. As a result, most tend to accept Moravian as the oldest—though not continuously operational because of its current co-ed status—specifically female institute of higher learning in the United States.^[10]

1783: Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, appointed the first women instructors at any American college or university, Elizabeth Callister Peale and Sarah Callister – members of the famous Peale family of artists – taught painting and drawing.^[11]

1788: Sweden: Aurora Liljenroth becomes the first female college graduate.

19th century

1803: Bradford Academy in Bradford, Massachusetts was the first higher educational institution to admit women in Massachusetts. It was founded as a co-educational institution, but became exclusively for women in 1837.

1826: The first American public high schools for girls were opened in New York and Boston.^[12]

1829: The first public examination of an American girl in geometry was held.^[13]

1831: As a private institution in 1831, Mississippi College became the first coeducational college in the United States to grant a degree to a woman. In December 1831 it granted degrees to two women, Alice Robinson and Catherine Hall.^[14]

1837: Bradford Academy in Bradford, Massachusetts, due to declining enrollment, became a single-sexed institution for the education of women exclusively.

1839: Established in 1836, Georgia Female College in Macon, GA opened its doors to students on January 7, 1839. Now known as Wesleyan College, it was the first college in the world chartered specifically to grant bachelor's degrees to women.^[15]

1842: Sweden: Compulsory Elementary school for both sexes^[16]

1844: Finland: The foundation of the Svenska fruntimmersskolan i Åbo and its sister school Svenska fruntimmersskolan i Helsingfors in Helsinki.

1849: Elizabeth Blackwell, born in England, became the first woman to earn a medical degree from an American college, Geneva Medical College in New York.^[17]

1849: Bedford College opens in London as the first higher education college for women in the United Kingdom.^[18]

1850: Lucy Sessions earned a literary degree from Oberlin College, becoming the first black woman in the United States to receive a college degree.^[19]

1858: Mary Fellows became the first woman west of the Mississippi River to receive a baccalaureate degree.^[20]

1861: Sweden: The first public institution of higher academic learning for women, Högre lärarinneseminariet, is opened.

1862: Mary Jane Patterson became the first African-American woman to earn a BA in 1862. She earned her degree from Oberlin College.^[10]

1864: Rebecca Crumpler became the first African-American woman to graduate from a U.S. college with a medical degree and the first and only black woman to obtain the Doctress of Medicine degree from New England Female Medical College in Boston, MA.^[19]

1866: Lucy Hobbs Taylor became the first American woman to earn a dental degree, which she earned from the Ohio College of Dental Surgery.^[21][22]

1866: Sarah Jane Woodson Early became the first African-American woman to serve as a professor. Xenia, Ohio’s Wilberforce University hired her to teach Latin and English in 1866.^[10]

1869: Fanny Jackson Coppin was named principal of the Institute for Colored Youth in Philadelphia, becoming the first black woman to head an institution for higher learning in the United States.^[19]

1869: The Edinburgh Seven were the first group of matriculated undergraduate female students at any British university. They began studying medicine at the University of Edinburgh in 1869 and although they were unsuccessful in their struggle to graduate and qualify as doctors, the campaign they fought gained national attention and won them many supporters including Charles Darwin. It put the rights of women to a University education on the national political agenda which eventually resulted in legislation to ensure that women could study at University in 1877.

1869: Girton College opens as the first residential college for women in the United Kingdom.^[23]

1870: Ada Kepley became the first American woman to earn a law degree, from Northwestern University School of Law.^[24]

1870: Ellen Swallow Richards became the first American woman to earn a degree in chemistry, which she earned from Vassar College in 1870.^[25]

1871: Frances Elizabeth Willard became the first female college president in the United States, as president of Evanston College for Ladies in Illinois.^[21][26]

1871: Harriette Cooke became the first woman college professor in the United States appointed full professor with a salary equal to her male peers.^[20]

1872 Sweden: First female university student: Betty Pettersson

1873: Linda Richards became the first American woman to earn a degree in nursing.^[27]

1874: Born in USA: F In 1871, the Board of Regents stated that women should be admitted on an equal basis with men.[2] With the completion of North and South Halls in 1873, the university relocated to its Berkeley location with 167 male and 222 female students.[3] In 1874 the first Woman to graduate from the University of California was by the name of Rosa L. Scrivner with a Ph.B in Agriculture.

1874: London School of Medicine for Women founded, the first medical school in Britain to train women.^[28]

1875: Stefania Wolicka-Arnd, a Polish woman, became the first woman to earn a PhD in the modern era, which she earned from the University of Zurich in Switzerland.^[29][30]

1877: Helen Magill White became the first American woman to earn a Ph.D., which she earned at Boston University in the subject of Greek.^[21][31][32]

1878: Mary L. Page became the first American woman to earn a degree in architecture, which she earned from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.^[33][34]

1878: The University of London receives a supplemental charter allowing it to award degrees to women, the first university in the United Kingdom to open its degrees .^[35]

1879: Mary Eliza Mahoney became the first African-American in the U.S. to earn a diploma in nursing, which she earned from the School of Nursing, New England Hospital for Woman and Children in Boston.^[19]

1880: First four women gain BA degrees at the University of London, the first women in the UK to be awarded degrees.^[35]

1882: College Hall opened by UCL and the London School of Medicine for Women as the first women's hall of residence in the UK.^[36]

1883: Julia Margaret Guerin, known as Bella Guerin, became the first woman to graduate from a university in Australia when she graduated from the University of Melbourne in 1883.^[37]

1883 Sweden: Ellen Fries, First female Ph.D. promoted.

1884 Sweden: First female medical doctor: Karolina Widerström

1884 Sophie Bryant becomes first women in Britain to earn a DSc.^[38]

1886: Winifred Edgerton Merrill became the first American woman to earn a PhD in mathematics, which she earned from Columbia University.^[39]

1889: Maria Louise Baldwin became the first African-American female principal in Massachusetts and the Northeast, supervising white faculty and a predominantly white student body at the Agassiz Grammar School in Cambridge.^[19]

1889: Susan La Flesche Picotte became the first Native American woman to earn a medical degree, which she earned from Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania.^[40][41]

1889 Sweden: First female professor:Sofia Kovalevskaya

1889: Scottish universities opened to women by the Universities (Scotland) Act 1889.^[42]

1890: Ida Gray became the first African-American woman to earn a Doctor of Dental Surgery degree, which she earned from the University of Michigan.^[19][43]

1892: Laura Eisenhuth became the first woman elected to state office as Superintendent of Public Instruction.^[20]

1894: Margaret Floy Washburn became the first woman to be officially awarded the PhD degree in psychology, which she earned at Cornell University under E. B. Titchener.^[44]

Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1886: Anandibai Joshee from India (left) with Kei Okami from Japan (center) and Sabat Islambooly from Syria (right). All three completed their medical studies and each of them was the first woman from their respective countries to obtain a degree in Western medicine.

Late 1800s, exact date unknown: Anandibai Joshi from India, Keiko Okami from Japan, and Sabat Islambouli from Syria became the first women from their respective countries (and in Joshi's case the first Hindu woman) to get a degree in western medicine, which they each got from the Women’s Medical College of Pennsylvania (WMCP), where they were all students in 1885.^[45][46]

20th century

1900: Otelia Cromwell became the first black woman to graduate from Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts.^[19]

1903: Mignon Nicholson became the first woman in North America to earn a veterinary degree, which she earned from McKillip Veterinary College in Chicago, Illinois.^[47][48]

1904: Helen Keller graduated from Radcliffe, becoming the first deafblind person to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree.

1904: Millicent Mackenzie is appointed as Assistant Professor of Education at the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire (part of the University of Wales), the first woman professor in the UK.^[49]

1905: Nora Stanton Blatch Barney, born in England, became the first woman to earn a degree in any type of engineering in the United States, which she earned from Cornell University. It was a degree in civil engineering.^[50]

1908: Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, the first black Greek letter organization for woman, was founded at Howard University.^[19]

1908: Edith Morley is appointed Professor of English Language at University College Reading, becoming the first full professor at a British university institute.^[51]

1909: Ella Flagg Young became the first female superintendent of a large city school system.^[20]

1910: Millicent Mackenzie is promoted to full professor, the first woman to reach this level at a fully chartered university in the UK.^[52]

1915: Lillian Gilbreth earned a PhD in industrial psychology from Brown University, which was the first degree ever granted in industrial psychology. Her dissertation was titled "Some Aspects of Eliminating Waste in Teaching".

1921: Sadie Tanner Mossell became the first African-American woman to earn a Ph.D. in the U.S. when she earned a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Pennsylvania.^[53]

1922: Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority was founded. It was the fourth black Greek letter organization for women, and the first black sorority established on a predominantly white campus, Butler University in Indianapolis, Indiana.^[19]

1923: Virginia Proctor Powell Florence became the first African-American woman to earn a degree in library science. She earned the degree in 1923 from the Carnegie Library School, which later became part of the University of Pittsburgh.^[19][54]

1926: Dr. May Edward Chinn became the first African-American woman to graduate from the University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College.^[19]

1929: Jenny Rosenthal Bramley, born in Moscow, became the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in physics in the United States, which she earned from New York University.^[55]

1931: Jane Matilda Bolin was the first black woman to graduate from Yale Law School.^[19]

1931: Bradford Academy, in Bradford, Massachusetts, changed name to Bradford Junior College and offered two year degree for women.

1932: Dorothy B. Porter became the first African-American woman to earn an advanced degree in library science (MLS) from Columbia University.^[19]

1933: Inez Beverly Prosser became the first African-American woman to earn a PhD in psychology, which she earned from the University of Cincinnati.

1934: Ruth Winifred Howard became the second African-American woman in the United States to receive a Ph.D. in psychology, which she earned from the University of Minnesota.

1935: Jessie Jarue Mark became the first African American woman to earn a Ph.D. in botany, which she earned at Iowa State University.^[19]

1936: Flemmie Kittrell became the first African American woman to earn a Ph.D. in nutrition, which she earned at Cornell University.^[19]

1937: Anna Johnson Julian became the first black woman to receive a Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Pennsylvania.^[19]

1940: Roger Arliner Young became the first black woman to earn a Ph.D. in zoology, which she earned from the University of Pennsylvania.^[19]

1941: Ruth Lloyd became the first African-American woman to earn a Ph.D. in anatomy, which she earned from Western Reserve University.^[19]

1941: Merze Tate became the first African American woman to earn a Ph.D. in government and international relations from Harvard University.^[19]

1942: Margurite Thomas became the first African American woman to earn a Ph.D. in geology, which she earned from Catholic University.^[19]

1943: Euphemia Haynes became the first African-American woman to earn a Ph.D. in Mathematics, which she earned from Catholic University.^[56]

1945: Zora Neale Hurston became the first African-American woman to be admitted to Barnard college.^[20]

1945: Harvard Medical School admitted women for the first time.^[57]

1947: Marie Maynard Daly became the first African-American woman to earn a Ph.D. in chemistry, which she earned from Columbia University.^[19][58]

1947: Cambridge University becomes the last university in the UK to allow women to take full degrees.^[59]

1962: Martha E. Bernal, who was born in Texas, became the first Latina to earn a PhD in psychology, which she earned in clinical psychology from Indiana University Bloomington.^[60][61]

1963: Grace Lele Williams became the first Nigerian woman to earn any doctorate when she earned her Ph.D. in Mathematics Education from the University of Chicago.^[56]

1965: Sister Mary Kenneth Keller (c. 1914 – 1985) became the first American woman to earn a PhD in Computer Science, which she earned at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.^[62][63] Her thesis was titled "Inductive Inference on Computer Generated Patterns."^[64]

1969: In 1969, Lillian Lincoln Lambert became the first African-American woman to graduate from Harvard Business School with an MBA.^[10]

1971: Bradford Junior College in Bradford, Massachusetts changed to Bradford College and offered four year degrees for women.

1972: Title IX was passed, making discrimination against any person based on their sex in any federally funded educational program(s) in America illegal.^[65]

1972: Willie Hobbs Moore became the first African-American woman to earn a Ph.D. in Physics, which she earned from the University of Michigan.^[56]

1972: Bradford College in Bradford, Massachusetts became a co-educational institution (again) after being founded in 1803 as co-educational and then serving exclusively as a female institution of higher learning from 1837 to 1972. Bradford College closed permanently in May, 2000. The Bradford Alumni Association continues today and is the third oldest continuing alumni association in the United States.

1975: In 1975, Lorene L. Rogers became the first woman named president of a major research university, the University of Texas.^[10]

1975: On July 1, 1975, Jeanne Sinkford became the first female dean of a dental school when she was appointed the dean of Howard University, School of Dentistry.^[66]

1976: U.S. service academies (US Military Academy, US Naval Academy, US Air Force Academy and the US Coast Guard Academy) first admitted women in 1976.^[67]

1977: The American Association of Dental Schools (founded in 1923 and renamed the American Dental Education Association in 2000) had Nancy Goorey as its first female president in 1977.^[68]

1979: Christine Economides became the first American woman to earn a PhD in petroleum engineering, which she earned from Stanford University.^[69]

1979: Jenny Patrick became the first black woman in the United States to earn a Ph.D. in chemical engineering, which she earned from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.^[19]

1980: Women and men were enrolled in American colleges in equal numbers for the first time.

1982: Judith Hauptman became the first woman to earn a PhD in Talmud, which she earned from the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York.^[70][71][72]

1983: Christine Darden became the first black woman in the U.S. to earn a Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering, which she earned from George Washington University.^[19]

1987: Johnnetta Cole became the first black president of Spelman College.^[19]

1996: Women first passed men in bachelor's degrees in America in 1996.^[73]

21st century

2001: Ruth Simmons became the eighteenth president of Brown University, which made her the first black woman to lead an Ivy League institution.^[19]

2008–2009: For the first time, women earned a majority of the doctoral degrees awarded in America.^[74]

2011: For the first time, American women passed men in gaining advanced college degrees as well as bachelor's degrees; as of 2011, among adults 25 and older, 10.6 million U.S. women have master's degrees or higher, compared to 10.5 million men. Measured by shares, about 10.2 percent of women have advanced degrees compared to 10.9 percent of men—a gap steadily narrowing in recent years. Women still trail men in professional subcategories such as business, science and engineering, but when it comes to finishing college, roughly 20.1 million women have bachelor's degrees, compared to nearly 18.7 million men—a gap of more than 1.4 million that has remained steady in recent years.^[73]

2013: Mai Majed Al-Qurashi became the first woman to get a PhD in Saudi Arabia, which she earned from the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology.^[75]

2014: Maryam Mirzakhani first woman and the first Iranian honored with the Fields Medal, the most prestigious award in mathematics.

See also

• Timeline of women's rights (other than voting)

References

1. Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Juliana Morell". Catholic Encyclopedia. Robert Appleton Company.
2. Paul F. Grendler (1988). John W. O'Malley, ed. Schools, Seminaries, and Catechetical Instruction, in Catholicism in Early Modern History 1500-1700: A Guide to Research. Center for Information Research. p. 328.
3. "Ellis, John Tracy. Documents of American Catholic History. 1962. Milwaukee, WI: Bruce Publishing Company. p. 22-23.". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
4. "Elena Lucrezia Cornaro Piscopia". agnesscott.edu. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
5. "Elena Lucrezia Cornaro Piscopia". Agnesscott.edu. Retrieved 2013-09-05.
6. "Laura Bassi (1711-78)". sciencemuseum.org.uk. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
7. Findlen, Paula. Science As A Career In Enlightenment Italy : The Strategies Of Laura Bassi. Isis 84.(1993): 440-469. History of Science, Technology & Medicine. Web. 3 June 2013."
8. "Laura Bassi". Encyclopedia of World Biography. Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
9. "Laura Maria Caterina Bassi | Women in science". Epigenesys.eu. 2011-06-14. Retrieved 2013-09-05.
10. "Blog Archive » 11 Momentous Female Firsts in Academia". The New Agenda. 2011-01-13. Retrieved 2012-08-20.
11. "Kohl Gallery: History". Washington College. Retrieved 2013-03-03.
12. Chronology of women's history. Retrieved 2011-04-18.
13. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan Brownell Anthony, Matilda Joslyn Gage, and Ida Husted Harper, ed. (1889). History of Woman Suffrage: 1848–1861, Volume 1. p. 36. Retrieved 2011-04-18.
14. Cooper, Forrest Lamar (2011). Looking Back Mississippi: Towns and Places. University Press of Mississippi. p. 23. ISBN 9781617031489.
15. http://www.wesleyancollege.edu/about/index.cfm
16. "Göteborgs universitetsbibliotek: Kampen om kunskapen av Christina Florin, professor i kvinnohistoria". Ub.gu.se. Retrieved 2013-10-07.
17. "Changing the Face of Medicine | Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell". Nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2011-04-18.
18. "Ladies’ College". UCL Bloomsbury Project. UCL. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
19. "Claiming Their Citizenship: African American Women From 1624–2009". Nwhm.org. Retrieved 2012-08-20.
20. "NWHM Exhibit: The History of Women and Education". Nwhm.org. Retrieved 2012-08-20.
21. "Firsts for U.S. Women". Catalyst. Retrieved 2011-04-18.
22. "Lucy Hobbs Taylor, First Female Dentist". Home.comcast.net. Retrieved 2011-04-18.
23. "Girton's Past". Girton College. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
24. Northwestern University School of Law, Chicago, Illinois
25. Ford, L.E. (2009). Encyclopedia of Women and American Politics. Facts On File, Incorporated. ISBN 9781438110325.
26. Historical dictionary of women's ... Retrieved 2011-04-18.
27. More than Title nine. Retrieved 2011-04-18.
28. "London School of Medicine for Women". UCL Bloomsbury Project. UCL. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
29. Schwartz, Agata (2008). Shifting Voices: Feminist Thought and Women's Writing in Fin-de-siècle Austria and Hungary. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 248. ISBN 9780773532861.
30. Women's Movements: Networks and Debates in Post-communist Countries in the ... - Google Books. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2013-09-05.
31. "Facts about Helen Magill White: Boston University, as discussed in Boston University (university, Boston, Massachusetts, United States): - Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. 1944-10-28. Retrieved 2011-04-18.
32. "Guide to the Helen Magill White Papers, 1865–1938". Rmc.library.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2011-04-18.
33. Almanac of Architecture & Design 2006. Retrieved 2011-04-18.
34. Journal of the American Institute of ... 2010-03-03. Retrieved 2011-04-18.
35. "University of London: History". University of London. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
36. "College Hall". UCL Bloomsbury Project. UCL. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
37. "Bella Guerin: first female university graduate in Australia « Such was life – State Library of Victoria". suchwaslife.blogs.slv.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
38. "Sophie Willock Bryant". University of St Andrews. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
39. Kelly, Susan E.; Rozner, Sarah A. (April 2012). "Winifred Edgerton Merrill: "She Opened the Door"" (PDF). Notices of the AMS. Retrieved 2013-03-03.
40. "Dr. Susan La Flesche Picotte". National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2013-03-03.
41. "History of Women Physicians - Timeline". Drexel University, College of Medicine. Retrieved 2013-03-03.
42. "Women of science". National Library of Scotland. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
43. "Black History Fact of the Week: Ida Gray Nelson Rollins | Our Weekly - African American News | Black News | Black Entertainment | Black America". Our Weekly. Retrieved 2012-08-20.
44. "Timeline - Psychology's Feminist Voices". Feministvoices.com. Retrieved 2012-08-20.
45. "Historical Photos Depict Women Medical Pioneers – Public Radio International". pri.org. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
46. Eron, Carol (1979). "Women in Medicine and Health Care". In O'Neill, Lois Decker. The Women's Book of World Records and Achievements. Anchor Press. p. 204. ISBN 0-385-12733-2. First Hindu Woman Doctor
47. "The Centennial: Did You Know?". KSU College of Veterinary Medicine. Retrieved 2013-03-03.
48. "Early Women Veterinarians in the Western Hemisphere" (PDF). McKillip Veterinary College. Retrieved 2013-03-03.
49. Judith Dray (17 March 2015). "The UK’s First Female Professor: Millicent MacKenzie". Cardiff University. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
50. "Women in Engineering". Engineering Degree. Retrieved 2012-08-20.
51. "International Women's day - Edith Morley Lecture 2015". Reading University. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
52. Cardiff Connect (PDF) (Cardiff University). October 2015 http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/152791/CardiffConnect_Oct2015.pdf. Retrieved 4 December 2015. Missing or empty |title= (help)
53. Malveaux, Julianne (1997). "Missed Opportunity: Sadie Teller Mossell Alexander and the Economics Profession". In Thomas D. Boston. A Different Vision: Africa American Economic Thought 1. Routledge Chapman & Hall. pp. 123–. ISBN 978-0-415-12715-8. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
54. Celeste Kimbrough (2004-03-18). "University of Pittsburgh to Honor First African American Librarian In Plaque Dedication Ceremony April 2 | University of Pittsburgh News". News.pitt.edu. Retrieved 2012-08-20.
55. Jenny Rosenthal Bramley - GHN: IEEE Global History Network
56. "History of Black Women in the Mathematical Sciences". Math.buffalo.edu. Retrieved 2012-08-20.
57. "Powered by Google Docs" (PDF). Docs.google.com. Retrieved 2011-04-18.
58. "Marie M. Daly Biography - Facts, Birthday, Life Story". Biography.com. 1921-04-16. Retrieved 2012-08-20.
59. "The University of Cambridge: Epilogue (1939-56)". A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely: Volume 3, the City and University of Cambridge. Victoria County History. 1959. pp. 307–312.
60. "Biography of Martha Bernal". Apadivisions.org. Retrieved 2012-08-20.
61. "Timeline - Psychology's Feminist Voices". Feministvoices.com. Retrieved 2012-08-20.
62. "Women in Computing - Computing History Museum" (PDF). Retrieved 6 October 2014.
63. "UW-Madison Computer Science Ph.D.s Awarded, May 1965 - August 1970". Retrieved 2010-11-08. PhDs granted at UW-Madison Computer Sciences Department.
64. "UW-Madison Computer Science Ph.D.s Awarded, May 1965 - August 1970". Wisc.edu. Retrieved 2013-03-03.
65. "About Title IX". Bailiwick.lib.uiowa.edu. Retrieved 2011-04-18.
66. "June 2002 CDA Journal - Feature Article, Copyright 2002 Journal of the California Dental Association". Cda.org. Retrieved 2012-08-20.
67. "Women in the US Military - Women Enter the Military Academies". Chnm.gmu.edu. 1975-10-07. Retrieved 2012-08-20.
68. "selaminternational.org". selaminternational.org. Retrieved 2012-08-20.
69. "ADVANCE Center for Women Faculty". Advance.tamu.edu. Retrieved 2012-08-20.
70. "Ohel Ayalah - Who We Are". Retrieved 24 January 2014.
71. "abba & rabbi: an evening with sara hurwitz & judith hauptman". Retrieved 24 January 2014.
72. "The Jewish Theological Seminary". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
73. http://web.archive.org/web/20140112215445/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20110426/ap_on_re_us/us_census_educated_women. Archived from the original on January 12, 2014. Retrieved January 12, 2014. Missing or empty |title= (help)
74. Jaschik, Scott (2010-09-14). "For first time, more women than men earn PhD". Usatoday. Com. Retrieved 2011-04-18.
75. "Saudi Arabia Woman Mai Majed Al-Qurashi Becomes Country's First Woman to Get PhD". ibtimes.co.uk. Retrieved 12 January 2014.