Timeline of women in science in the United States
This is a timeline of women in science in the United States.
- 1848: Maria Mitchell became the first woman elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; she had discovered a new comet the year before.[1]
- 1894: Florence Bascom became the first female fellow of the Geological Society of America.[2]
- 1912: Henrietta Swan Leavitt studied the bright-dim cycle periods of Cepheid stars, then found a way to calculate the distance from such stars to Earth.[3]
- 1925: Florence Sabin became the first woman elected to the National Academy of Science.[4]
- 1928: Alice Evans became the first woman elected president of the Society of American Bacteriologists.[2]
- 1936: Edith Patch became the first female president of the Entomological Society of America.[5]
- 1940s: Barbara McClintock discovered genetic transposition.[6]
- 1950: Esther Lederberg was the first to isolate lambda bacteriophage, a DNA virus, from Escherichia coli K-12.[7]
- 1952: Grace Hopper completed what is considered to be the first compiler, a program that allows a computer user to use English-like words instead of numbers. It was known as the A-0 compiler.[8]
- 1963: Maria Goeppert Mayer became the first American woman to win a Nobel Prize in Physics; she shared the prize with Eugene Paul Wigner and J. Hans D. Jensen.[9][10] She was born in Poland, but became a U.S. citizen in 1933.[10][11]
- 1975: Chien-Shiung Wu, born in China, became the first female president of the American Physical Society.[12]
- 1976: Margaret Burbidge, born in England, was named as the first female president of the American Astronomical Society.[13][14]
- 1978: Anna Jane Harrison became the first female president of the American Chemical Society.[15]
- 1984: Carol W. Greider and Elizabeth Blackburn (Blackburn was born in Australia) discovered telomerase, an enzyme that maintains telomeres, or chromosome ends.[16][17]
- 1992: Edith M. Flanigen became the first woman awarded the Perkin Medal (widely considered the highest honor in American industrial chemistry) for her outstanding achievements in applied chemistry.[18][19] The medal especially recognized her syntheses of aluminophosphate and silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves as new classes of materials.[19]
- 2012: Clara Lazen, then a fifth grader, discovered the molecule tetranitratoxycarbon.[20]
References
- ↑ Women, Science, and Technology: A Reader in Feminist Science Studies - Google Books
- 1 2 American Women of Science Since 1900 - Tiffany K. Wayne - Google Books. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
- ↑ Lemelson-MIT Program
- ↑ "Engineering Education Blog: First Woman Elected to National Academy of Science". K-grayengineeringeducation.com. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
- ↑ American Women of Science Since 1900 - Tiffany K. Wayne - Google Books. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
- ↑ ISSUU - BioNoticias by Biblioteca Biología
- ↑ "Lederberg, E. M., 1950, "Lysogenicity in Escherichia coli strain K-12", Microbial Genetics Bulletin, 1, pp. 5-9, Jan. 1950, Univ. of Wisconsin (Evelyn Maisel Witkin, Editor), Ohio State University, ISSN 0026-2579, call No. 33-M-4, OCLC 04079516, Accession Number: AEH8282UW" http://www.estherlederberg.com/Censorship/LambdaW.html
- ↑ Computer History Museum | Timeline of Computer History : Year 1952 Entries
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2013-09-06.
- 1 2 The Madame Curie Complex: The Hidden History of Women in Science - Julie Des Jardins - Google Books. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2013-09-06.
- ↑ "Mayer, Maria Goeppert". Astr.ua.edu. Retrieved 2013-09-06.
- ↑ William Dickie (February 18, 1997). "Chien-Shiung Wu". The New York Times. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
- ↑ American Women of Science Since 1900 - Tiffany K. Wayne - Google Books. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
- ↑ The Bruce Medalists: Margaret Burbidge
- ↑ "ACS President: Anna Jane Harrison (1912-1998)". Acs.org. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
- ↑ Dr. Carol W. Greider, Maryland Women's Hall of Fame
- ↑ Elizabeth Blackburn Biography - Academy of Achievement
- ↑ http://www.soci.org/Awards/America-Group-Awards/Perkin-Medal
- 1 2 http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cen-v070n010.p025
- ↑ Professor Publishes 10-year-old’s New Molecule - Humboldt State Now
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