Together Again (Janet Jackson song)
| "Together Again" | ||||
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| Single by Janet Jackson | ||||
| from the album The Velvet Rope | ||||
| Released | December 2, 1997 | |||
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| Recorded | March–June 1997 | |||
| Genre | ||||
| Length | 5:01 | |||
| Label | Virgin | |||
| Writer(s) | ||||
| Producer(s) |
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| Janet Jackson singles chronology | ||||
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"Together Again" is a song by American recording artist Janet Jackson from her sixth studio album, The Velvet Rope (1997). It was written and produced by Jackson, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, with additional writing by Jackson's then-husband, René Elizondo, Jr. It was released as the second single from the album on December 2, 1997, through Virgin Records. Originally written as a ballad, the track was rearranged as a dance and house song. Jackson was inspired to write the song by her own personal experience of losing a friend to AIDS, as well as by a piece of fan mail she received from a young boy in England who had lost his father.
"Together Again" was well received by music critics, who praised the song's structure and Jackson's vocals, comparing them to those of Diana Ross and works by Donna Summer. Commercially, the song was a success, topping the Billboard Hot 100 chart for two weeks, as well as reaching the top of the Hot Dance Club Songs. The song was additionally certified Gold by the RIAA. Worldwide, it peaked within the top five in most countries, such as Canada and the United Kingdom, and topped the charts in the Netherlands. As of 2015 it has sold 6 million copies worldwide.
Two music videos were produced for "Together Again". The video for the original, directed by Seb Janiak, shows Jackson and her dancers performing in a futuristic African paradise where people are seen living side by side with wild animals such as elephants, giraffes, and wildcats. Another music video released for the 'Deeper Remix' was directed by René Elizondo, Jr. and shows Jackson in an apartment. Jackson performed "Together Again" in a number of occasions to promote The Velvet Rope, including at the American Music Awards, and also on all of her tours since its release. It is also included in two of Jackson's greatest hits collections, Number Ones (2009) and Icon: Number Ones (2010).
Background
"Together Again" was written as a tribute from Jackson to a friend who had recently died from AIDS as well as AIDS victims and their families worldwide, as stated in the liner notes of The Velvet Rope (1997). Originally written as a ballad, the track was re-arranged as a dance and house song. Jackson was reportedly inspired to write the song from her own personal experience, as well as a piece of fan-mail she received from a young boy in England who had lost his father.[1] According to Jimmy Jam, "it had a deep meaning for her because it was about a friend she lost to AIDS, but as with all her songs, she tries to make them apply in a general sense to anybody. The idea was to make it a joyous song musically".[2] The arrangement of the song was constructed in 30 minutes by Jam, Lewis and Jackson while in the recording studio. Once the melody was in place, Jackson finished writing the lyrics to the song. The song's sound was inspired by Donna Summer's song "Last Dance".[2] Jackson told MTV News that her inspiration to write "Together Again" was "Runaway" by Nuyorican Soul, as the song reminded her of being in Studio 54 in New York when she was a child. "Runaway" gave Jackson a kind of New York feel of disco and she wanted to do something like this.[3]
Composition
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"Together Again"
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"Together Again" was written and produced by Jackson, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, with additional writing by Jackson's then-husband, René Elizondo, Jr. It is a dance and house track.[4][5][6] According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by EMI Music Publishing, the song is set in common time with a key of C major. Jackson's vocals range between A3 to D5. The song has a moderate tempo of 123 beats per minute with the chord progression following the sequence of C–Em7/B–Em7(b5)/Bb–A7–Dm9–G13–Dm9–G13. The bass line in the chorus descends according to the key until reaching the supertonic, after which it goes back to the dominant note set up the resolution, the repetition of the chorus or the interlude, which begins on the submedian. At the end of the second bridge, the song modulates up a minor third into E-flat major.[7] Three versions of the song were released; the original dance version, the "Deep Remix", a R&B and hip-hop version, and the "Deeper Remix", which is a R&B and soul remake.[8] Lyrically, it was described as a ode from Jackson to a friend who had died from AIDS.[9] Larry Flick from Billboard noted its "tear-stained lyrics".[5] Ernest Hardy of Rolling Stone described it as "unsullied pop bliss", saying "The bass-heavy house track "Together Again" showcases a poignant lead vocal, giving off a '60s soul/girl group vibe",[6]
Critical reception
Music critics received "Together Again" positively. BBC deemed it a "thumping great hit, an old-fashioned piece of professional dance music, played perfectly".[4] Music critic Joey Guerra from The Daily Cougar stated, "Jackson pours her heart into "Together Again," which builds to an ecstatic house beat" which takes "a cue from the soaring melodies of '60s girl groups". He further commented that the song is "genuine happy-feeling. It sounds lame at first but pay attention to what she's singing; that vocal smile changes everything."[10] "She even makes a bid for gay icon status", wrote Neil McCormick in a review of The Velvet Rope for The Daily Telegraph, "delivering a diva-ish performance reminiscent of Diana Ross on 'Together Again'."[11]
"Together Again" was also compared to other singers' works. Jon Pareles from The New York Times described "Together Again" as "a creamy Diana Ross homage", noting that Jackson "deploys her small voice shrewdly" in it.[12] Larry Flick from Billboard magazine called "Together Again" "a gourgeous disco ode to loved ones lost to AIDS-related illnesses". Jackson "has clearly been studying Donna Summer records, delivering a wonderfully nuanced performance that takes firm command of the track's vibrant house beat without sacrificing an ounce of emotion".[13] Danyel Smith, while interviewing Jackson for Vibe in November 1997, elaborated that the song was a big, perfect ode to Donna Summer, and likened it to her songs "MacArthur Park" and "Last Dance".[14] In 1999, 'Together Again" won the award for "Most Played Song" at the BMI Pop Awards.[15]
Chart performance
"Together Again" debuted at number nine on the Billboard Hot 100 chart on the issue dated December 20, 1997,[16] before becoming Jackson's eighth number-one single on January 31, 1998, spending two weeks at number one, and a total of forty-six weeks on the chart.[17] The song also peaked atop the Hot Dance Club Songs chart and at number eight on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.[18] "Together Again" was certified Gold by the RIAA.[19] In Canada, it peaked at number two on the official singles chart and also reached number two on the dance chart.[18][20] In Australasia, "Together Again" also experienced success. In Australia, it debuted at number eighteen on the issue dated December 7, 1997, peaking at number four and staying on the ARIA Charts for twenty-five weeks and was certified double-platinum by the ARIA for 70,000 copies shipped.[21][22] In New Zealand, it debuted at number sixteen the week of December 21, 1997. On February 22, 1998, it reached its peak of number five, staying on the chart for ten weeks.[23]
The song debuted and peaked at number four on the UK Singles Chart on December 13, 1997, spending nineteen weeks inside the chart.[24] It was certified Platinum by the BPI eventually selling nearly 800,000 units in the UK.[25][26] In Austria, it entered the singles chart at number twenty-five, eventually peaking number six and spending a total of fourteen weeks on the chart.[27] In France, the song peaked at number two for ten weeks, and was certified Platinum by the SNEP.[27][28] In Germany, it peaked at number two for two weeks and remaining on the German Singles Chart for twenty-four weeks. It was certified Platinum for 500,000 copies sold.[29][30] In the Netherlands, "Together Again" entered the singles chart at number sixty-one during the week of December 13, 1997. It eventually peaked at number one, staying a total of thirty-two weeks on the chart.[31] The NVPI certified the single Gold for shipment of 10,000 copies.[32] On the Swiss Singles Chart dated January 11, 1998, "Together Again" debuted at number thirteen.[33] After two weeks, it peaked at number two and was later certified Gold by the IFPI.[34] A portion of the single's worldwide sales were donated by Jackson to The American Foundation for AIDS Research.[1]
Music videos
Two music videos were produced for "Together Again". The original version was directed by French photographer Seb Janiak and choreographed by Tina Landon.[35] Set in Serengeti, Tanzania, the video decipts Jackson with mini red ponytails on her head.[36] She and her dancers perform in a futuristic African-flavored[3] paradise where people are seen living side by side with wild animals such as elephants, giraffes, and wildcats. At a point of the video, Jackson appears to be hugging another version of herself. Dan MacRae from ET Canada commented, "Janet is positively beaming as she participates in some lovely choreography and chills out with local wildlife".[37] This version received a nomination for Best Dance Video at the 1998 MTV Video Music Awards.[37] Another music video was released for the "Deeper Remix". Directed by René Elizondo, Jr, the video depicts Jackson in an apartment remembering a friend. Both videos are featured on the DVD edition of 2001's All for You and the 2004 video compilation From Janet to Damita Jo: The Videos.[35][38]
Live performances
In order to promote The Velvet Rope and the single, Jackson performed "Together Again" at the American Music Awards of 1998.[39] The singer has also performed the song on all of her tours since its release. She included the song on the 1998 The Velvet Rope Tour. Dressed up in "chandeliers and sensible clothing", it was performed as the closing song from the concert.[40] Jon Pareles from The New York Times viewed the performance as "an elegy disguised as an arm-waving, feel-good song".[41] The performance of the song at the October 11, 1998 show in New York City, at the Madison Square Garden, was broadcast during a special titled The Velvet Rope: Live in Madison Square Garden by HBO. It was also added to the setlist at its DVD release, The Velvet Rope Tour – Live in Concert in 1999.[42] It was again performed as the encore on the All for You Tour in support of her follow-up album All for You in 2001 and 2002. Gina Vivinetto from St. Petersburg Times, while reviewing the concert, described the performance, "The show closed with a buoyant Together Again that found Jackson grinning, surrounded by dancers moving in refreshing, unscripted merriment".[43] The February 16, 2002 final date of the tour at the Aloha Stadium in Hawaii, was broadcast by HBO, and included a performance of "Together Again". This rendition was also added to the setlist at its DVD release, Janet: Live in Hawaii, in 2002.[44] Jackson also performed it on VH1's The Concert for New York City benefit concert which paid tribute to victims of the September 11 attacks the same year.[45]
In 2004, while promoting her eighth studio album Damita Jo, Jackson made surprise performances of "Together Again" and "All Nite (Don't Stop)" at New York's Gay Pride March.[46] "Together Again" was one of her older songs on the 2008 Rock Witchu Tour, her first tour in seven years. It was at the middle of the setlist.[47] She was dressed in a gold and black glam hip hop-inspired track suit, and one gold glove.[48] Variety magazine's Phil Gallo likened her vocals in the song to that of Diana Ross's.[49] Rap-Up noted the audience "went wild" during the song.[50] While reviewing the Vancouver concert, Marsha Lederman of Globe and Mail noted that the most memorable moment of the show was when Jackson "stopped on the catwalk after her hit Together Again, listened to the crowd roar its approval, and became emotional – really emotional. We're talking tears. 'Thank you,' she said – seeming to really mean it, as she waved her hands, begging the audience to stop", she completed.[48] While promoting her second greatest hits album Number Ones, the singer performed an eight-minute medley of six hits during the American Music Awards of 2009. It included "Control", "Miss You Much", "What Have You Done for Me Lately", "If", "Make Me", and finished with "Together Again". For the latter's performance, Jackson stood alone at center stage, smiling, as the received applauses and standing ovation from the audience.[51][52] It also was the closing song of her concert at Essence Music Festival in New Orleans, in July 2010, which she headlined.[53] "Together Again" was again performed as a closing number on her Number Ones: Up Close and Personal 2011 tour as a dedication to her late brother, Michael Jackson, wearing a tight white one-piece disco suit. MTV News' writer Vaughn Schoonmaker noted that the song appeared to be the biggest hit of the show.[54] Jackson included the song on her 2015-2016 Unbreakable World Tour.
Track listings
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Credits and personnel
- Janet Jackson - vocals, songwriter, producer, vocal and rhythm arrangement
- Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis - songwriters, producers, all other instruments, vocal and rhythm arrangements
- René Elizondo, Jr. - songwriter
- Steve Hodge - engineering, mixing
- Alexander Richbourg - drum machine
- Xavier Smith – assistant engineer
Source:[63]
Charts
Weekly charts
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Certifications
Year-end charts
Decade-end charts
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References
- 1 2 Halstead, Craig; Chris Cadman (2003). Jacksons Number Ones. Authors On Line. pp. 119, 120. ISBN 0-7552-0098-5.
- 1 2 Bronson, Fred (2003). The Billboard Book of Number One Hits. Billboard Books. p. 862. ISBN 0-8230-7677-6.
- 1 2 "Janet Jackson Discusses The Meaning Of "The Velvet Rope," Pt. II". MTV News. Viacom. November 21, 1997. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
- 1 2 "BBC - Music - Review of Janet Jackson - The Velvet Rope". BBC. Retrieved June 17, 2014.
- 1 2 Flick, Larry (October 18, 1997). "Jackson Shows Clubland She's Got It 'Together'". Billboard (New York: Nielsen Business Media, Inc) 43 (108): 33. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
- 1 2 Hardy, Ernest (October 30, 1997). "The Velvet Rope". Rolling Stone (Jann Wenner). Retrieved June 24, 2014.
- ↑ "Janet Jackson – Together Again Sheet Music (Digital Download)". MusicNotes. Alfred Publishing. Retrieved July 12, 2013.
- 1 2 Together Again (US CD single liner notes). Janet Jackson. Virgin Records. Y-38623.
- ↑ Gardner, Elysa (October 5, 1997). "These Days, Janet's the Thriller : JANET JACKSON, "The Velvet Rope"". Los Angeles Times (Tribune Company). Retrieved June 17, 2014.
- ↑ "Janet Jackson swings both ways on The Velvet Rope". The Daily Cougar (Department of Student Publications). Retrieved June 17, 2014.
- ↑ McCormick, Neil (October 18, 1997). "The Arts: Give her enough rope ... Reviews Rock CDs". The Daily Telegraph (Telegraph Media Group): 11. ISSN 0307-1235.
- ↑ Pareles, Jon (October 7, 1997). "CRITIC'S CHOICE/Pop CD's; Love Can Get Complicated (Ouch!)". The New York Times (The New York Times Company). Retrieved June 24, 2014.
- ↑ Flick, Larry (October 8, 1997). "Revies & Previews". Billboard (New York: Nielsen Business Media, Inc) 43 (107): 76. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
- ↑ Smith, Danyel (November 1997). "Janet's Back". Vibe (New York: Spin Media) 5 (9): 88. ISSN 1070-4701. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
- ↑ "47th Annual BMI Awards". BMI. May 18, 1999. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
- ↑ "The Hot 100: Dec 20, 1997". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. December 20, 1997. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
- ↑ "The Hot 100: Jan 31, 1998". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. January 31, 1998. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 "The Velvet Rope > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved April 5, 2008.
- 1 2 "American single certifications – Jackson, Janet – Together Again". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
- 1 2 Canada peak position
- 1 2 "Australian-charts.com – Janet Jackson – Together Again". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
- 1 2 "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 1998 Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association.
- 1 2 "Charts.org.nz – Janet Jackson – Together Again". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- 1 2 "Archive Chart: 1997-12-13" UK Singles Chart. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- ↑ http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/janet-jacksons-official-top-40-most-downloaded-songs__10662/
- 1 2 "British single certifications – Janet Jackson – Together Again". British Phonographic Industry. Enter Together Again in the field Keywords. Select Title in the field Search by. Select single in the field By Format. Select Platinum in the field By Award. Click Search
- 1 2 3 "Lescharts.com – Janet Jackson – Together Again" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- 1 2 "French single certifications – Janet Jackson – Together Again" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique.
- 1 2 "Musicline.de – Janet Jackson Single-Chartverfolgung" (in German). Media Control Charts. PhonoNet GmbH. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- 1 2 "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Janet Jackson; 'Together Again')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie.
- 1 2 "Dutchcharts.nl – Janet Jackson – Together Again" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- 1 2 "Goud/Platina: NVPI" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld. Archived from the original on February 16, 2006. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
- 1 2 "Swisscharts.com – Janet Jackson – Together Again". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- 1 2 "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards (Janet Jackson; 'Together Again')". Hung Medien.
- 1 2 From janet. to Damita Jo: The Videos (DVD liner notes). Janet Jackson. Virgin Records. 7243 5 99508 9 1.
- ↑ "Today Is Janet Jackson's 48th Birthday, Go Back In Time With Her Greatest Music Video Hair". The Huffington Post. AOL. May 16, 2014. Retrieved June 17, 2014.
- 1 2 MacRae, Dan. "Janet Jackson's 10 Most Memorable Music Videos". Entertainment Tonight Canada. Retrieved June 17, 2014.
- ↑ All for You - Special Limited Edition (DVD liner notes). Janet Jackson. Virgin Records. 7243 8 12363 0 7.
- ↑ "Spetacular Opening". Jet (Johnson Publishing Company) 93 (12): 44. February 16, 1998. ISSN 0021-5996. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- ↑ Daly, Steve (July 10, 1999). "Live Report: Janet Jackson". Rolling Stone (Jann Wenner). Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- ↑ Pareles, Jon (July 11, 1998). "Pop Review; At the Mercy of Lust, Yet in Total Control". The New York Times (The New York Times Company). Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- ↑ The Velvet Rope Tour – Live in Concert (Laserdisc, VHS, DVD). Janet Jackson. Eagle Rock Entertainment. 1999.
- ↑ Chonin, Neva (October 27, 2001). "Let Janet entertain you". St. Petersburg Times (Times Publishing Company). Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- ↑ Graham, Mark (September 9, 2011). "Find Out What Time Your Favorite Performers Will Be Appearing On The Concert For New York City: 10 Years Later". VH1. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- ↑ Kalkhoff, Matt (July 16, 2004). "It’s Janet … Ms. Jackson if you’re proud". Next Magazine (RND Publications). Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- ↑ Sheppard, Denise (September 11, 2008). "Janet Jackson Opens Rock Witchu Tour With Three Decades of Hits". Rolling Stone (Jann Wenner). Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- 1 2 Lederman, Marsha (September 11, 2008). "Janet Jackson 'has still got it'". Globe and Mail (CTVglobemedia Publishing Inc.). Archived from the original on September 14, 2008. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- ↑ Gallo, Phil (September 18, 2008). "Review: ‘Janet Jackson’". Variety (Penske Business Media). Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- ↑ "Review: Janet Janet Gets Fierce & Freaky in Los Aageles". Rap-Up (Rap-Up, LLC). Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- ↑ "Janet Opens the American Music Awards". JanetJackson.com. November 27, 2009. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
- ↑ Kaufman, Gil (November 22, 2009). "Janet Jackson Kicks Off American Music Awards With Energetic Medley". MTV News. Viacom. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- ↑ Shriver, Jerry (July 3, 2010). "Janet Jackson jumps back in at Essence Music Festival". USA Today (Gannett Company). Retrieved June 16, 2014.
- ↑ Schoonmaker, Vaughn (March 22, 2011). "Janet Jackson Thrills Fans With Greatest Hits, Michael Tribute At Radio City". MTV News. Viacom. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- ↑ Together Again (UK 12" single liner notes). Janet Jackson. Virgin Records. 7243 8 94747 6 3.
- ↑ Together Again (UK 12" remix single liner notes). Janet Jackson. Virgin Records. VSTDJ 1670.
- ↑ Together Again (UK CD maxi single liner notes). Janet Jackson. Virgin Records. VSCDG 1670.
- ↑ Together Again (Japanese CD single liner notes). Janet Jackson. Virgin Records. VJCP-12084.
- ↑ Together Again (Australian CD single liner notes). Janet Jackson. Virgin Records. 8947482.
- ↑ Together Again (US 12" single liner notes). Janet Jackson. Virgin Records. Y-38623.
- ↑ Together Again (US CD maxi single liner notes). Janet Jackson. Virgin Records. 7243 8 38625-2-8.
- ↑ Together Again (French CD single liner notes). Janet Jackson. Virgin Records. 7243 8 94850 2 8.
- ↑ The Velvet Rope (CD liner notes). Janet Jackson. Virgin Records. 7243 8 44762 2 9.
- ↑ "Austriancharts.at – Janet Jackson – Together Again" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
- ↑ "Ultratop.be – Janet Jackson – Together Again" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
- ↑ "Ultratop.be – Janet Jackson – Together Again" (in French). Ultratop 50. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
- ↑ "Janet Jackson: Together Again" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- ↑ "Chart Track: Week 50, 1997". Irish Singles Chart.
- ↑ "Italiancharts.com – Janet Jackson – Together Again". Top Digital Download. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
- ↑ "Hits of the World". Billboard. 1998-02-14. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved 2014-08-23.
- ↑ "Norwegiancharts.com – Janet Jackson – Together Again". VG-lista. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- ↑ "Archive Chart: 1998-01-10". Scottish Singles Top 40.
- ↑ "Swedishcharts.com – Janet Jackson – Together Again". Singles Top 100. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- ↑ "Archive Chart: 1997-12-07" UK Dance Chart.
- ↑ "Archive Chart: 1997-12-07" UK R&B Chart.
- ↑ "Janet Jackson – Chart history" Billboard Hot 100 for Janet Jackson. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- ↑ "Janet Jackson – Chart history" Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs for Janet Jackson. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
- ↑ "New Zealand single certifications – Janet Jackson – Together Again". Recorded Music NZ.
- ↑ "Guld- och Platinacertifikat − År 1987−1998" (PDF) (in Swedish). IFPI Sweden.
- ↑ Myers, Justin (October 24, 2015). "Official Charts Quiz: Who sold more?". Official Charts Company. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
- ↑ "Best-Selling Records of 1998". Billboard (BPI Communications Inc.) 111 (5): 75. January 30, 1999. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved May 31, 2015.
- ↑ "ARIA Top 100–1998". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved August 28, 2010.
- ↑ "Jaaroverzichten 1998". Ultratop 50. Hung Medien. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
- ↑ "Rapports Annuels 1998". Ultratop 50. Hung Medien. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
- ↑ "Classement Singles - année 1998" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved December 27, 2011.
- ↑ "Top 100 Single-Jahrescharts". GfK Entertainment (in German). offiziellecharts.de. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
- ↑ "Jaaroverzichten 1998" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Hung Medien. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
- 1 2 "Swiss Year-End Charts 1998". Swiss Singles Chart. Hung Medien. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
- ↑ "Top 100 Songs - 1998". BPI. Retrieved 2011-05-13.
- ↑ "The Top 100 – 1998 Archive". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
- ↑ Mayfield, Geoff (December 25, 1999). "Hot 100 Singles of the '90s". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media, Inc) 111 (52): 20. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
External links
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