Eau de toilette

Bottles of eau de toilette

Eau de toilette (French: [o d(ə) twalɛt]) or toilet water is a lightly scented cologne used as a skin freshener.[1][2][3][n 1] It also referred to as "aromatic waters" and has a high alcohol content.[5] It is usually applied directly to the skin after bathing or shaving.[6][7] It was originally composed of alcohol and various volatile oils.[8] Traditionally these products were named after a principal ingredient; some being geranium water, lavender water, lilac water, violet water, spirit of myrcia and 'eau de Bretfeld'.[9] Because of this, eau de toilette was sometimes referred to as "flower water".[10]

In modern perfumery, the term eau de toilette is generally used to describe the concentration of fragrance, with eau de toilette being weaker than Eau de Parfum and stronger than eau de cologne.[11][12]

Types

Perfume formulas 1910

Eau de toilette is a weaker concentration of fragrance than pure perfume.[13][14] The concentration of aromatic ingredients is typically as follows (ascending concentration):

Perfume oils are often diluted with a solvent, though this is not always the case, and its necessity is disputed. By far the most common solvent for perfume oil dilution is ethanol or a mixture of ethanol and water. Perfume has a mixture of about 10-20% perfume oils mixed with alcohol (acting as a diffusing agent delivering the fragrant odor) and a trace of water. Colognes have about 3-5% perfume oil mixed with 80-90% alcohol with about 5 to 15 percent water in the mix. Originally, eau de cologne was a mixture of citrus oils from such fruits as lemons, oranges, tangerines, limes, and grapefruits. These were combined with such substances as lavender and neroli (orange-flower oil). Toilet water has the least amount of perfume oil mixture among the three main liquid "perfumery" categories. It has only about 2 to 8 percent of some type of perfume oil and 60-80% alcohol dispersent with water making up the difference.[16][17] Toilet waters are a less concentrated form of these above types of alcohol-based perfumes.[18][19] Traditionally cologne is usually made of citrus oils and fragrances, while toilet waters are not limited to this specification.[20][21]

History

In the fourteenth century Hungarian Eau de toilette, predecessor of eau de cologne, was produced.[22] Queen Elisabeth of Hungary (1305–1380) had created a fragrant oil mix with alcohol that evaporated slowly on her skin.[23] Hungary Water was the first toilet water developed.[24] This toilet water was called "eau de la reine de hongrie", and was based on rosemary.[25]

King of France Louis XIV (1638–1715) used a concoction of scents called "heavenly water" to perfume his shirts; It consisted of aloewood, musk, orange flower, rose water and other spices.[23]

Some Eau de toilette were once considered restorative skin toners with medical benefits.[26][27][28] The journal Medical Record reported in 1905 that a toilet water spray restores energies lost in business, social, and domestic situations.[29][30] During the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries a type of toilet water called "plague waters" was supposed to drive away the bubonic plague.[24][31]

Varieties

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ In this context, "toilette"/"toilet" has its older meaning of personal grooming; the name predates the modern sense of "toilet", which was originally euphemistic.[4]

References

Sources

Citations

  1. ↑ The Free Dictionary definition
  2. ↑ MacMillan Dictionary
  3. ↑ "Definition of “toilet water”". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
  4. ↑ Murray, James (1926). "toilet sb. §§7,9b". Oxford English Dictionary. Vol.10 Part 1: Ti–U (1st ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 108.
  5. ↑ Cristiani, p. 117
  6. ↑ toilet water term meaning
  7. ↑ Distinguishing Colognes, Perfumes, Scents, & Toilet Waters
  8. ↑ Cox, p. 118
  9. ↑ Ebert, p. 304
  10. ↑ Lawless, p. 39
  11. ↑ Lacey, Miriam. "Fragrance Defined: Parfum vs. EDP vs. EDT vs. Cologne". bellsugar.com. Bell Sugar. Retrieved 27 July 2014.
  12. ↑ Aug 8 2010. "What is the difference between eau de parfum and eau de toilette in perfumes and colognes?". gildedlife.com. Gilded Life. Retrieved 27 July 2014.
  13. ↑ Baker, p. 262
  14. ↑ Fettner, p. 102
  15. ↑ "Cologne". Encyclopædia Britannica.
  16. ↑ perfume
  17. 1 2 3 Groom, p. 329
  18. ↑ eau de toil definition from the online Free Dictionary
  19. ↑ Thesaurus online dictionary
  20. ↑ Grolier, p. 154
  21. ↑ Consumer reports, pp. 409-411
  22. ↑ Müller, p. 348
  23. 1 2 Sherrow, p. 125 King Louis XIV (1638-1715) had his shirts scented with toilet water that included aloewood, rosewood, orangle flower, musk, and spices. The concoction was called "heavenly water" ...
  24. 1 2 Stoddart, p. 154
  25. ↑ The History of Perfume
  26. ↑ Better Nutrition magazine, Nov 1999, p. 34
  27. ↑ Hiss, pp. 918-919
  28. ↑ Frank, p. 414
  29. ↑ Dewey, p. 55
  30. ↑ Interstate druggist, Volume 7, page 333
  31. ↑ Dictionary of Traded Goods and Commodities, 1550-1820 by Nancy Cox and Karin Dannehl
  32. ↑ Booth, p. 157
  33. ↑ Reader's Digest – Make your own Fragrance
  34. ↑ Halpern, p. 37
  35. ↑ Booth, p. 82
  36. ↑ Lillard, p. 33
  37. 1 2 3 Hopkins, p. 875
  38. ↑ Fletcher, p. 219
  39. ↑ Miller, p. 99
  40. ↑ Hopkins, p. 876
  41. ↑ Hiss, p. 915
  42. ↑ Toilet Water ideas
  43. ↑ kananga water
  44. ↑ Country Wisdom Almanac: 373 Tips, Crafts, Home Improvements, Recipes, and Homemade Remedies
  45. 1 2 Keppel, p. 154
  46. ↑ Nosegay
  47. ↑ The National Druggist, Volume 42, p. 65
  48. ↑ Beauty--its attainment and preservation, p. 494
  49. ↑ Bulletin of pharmacy, p. 317


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