TokusÅ
TokusÅ (å¾—å®—) was the title held by the head of the mainline HÅjÅ clan, who monopolized the position of shikken (regents) of the Kamakura shogunate in Japan. The Tokuso from 1256-1333 A.D. was the military dictator of Japan, all other positions including the emperor, the imperial court, shogun, the shikken (regent of shogun) had been reduced to figureheads.[1]
The name tokusÅ is said to have come from TokushÅ« (徳崇), the Buddhist name of HÅjÅ Yoshitoki, but HÅjÅ Tokimasa is usually regarded as the first tokusÅ. There were eight tokusÅ:
- HÅjÅ Tokimasa
- HÅjÅ Yoshitoki
- HÅjÅ Yasutoki
- HÅjÅ Tsunetoki
- HÅjÅ Tokiyori
- HÅjÅ Tokimune
- HÅjÅ Sadatoki
- HÅjÅ Takatoki
The political structure of the tokusÅ dictatorship was set up by Yasutoki and was consolidated by his grandson Tokiyori. The tokusÅ line held overwhelming power over the gokenin and the cadet lines of the HÅjÅ clan. Tokiyori often worked out policies at private meetings (å¯„åˆ yoriai) at his residence instead of discussing them at the HyÅjÅ (評定), the council of the shogunate. This made the tokusÅ's private retainers (御内人 miuchibito) stronger. In 1256 Tokiyori separated the positions of shikken and tokusÅ for the first time. Because of an illness, he installed his infant son Tokimune as the tokusÅ while Nagatoki, a collateral relative, was appointed shikken to assist Tokimune.
See also
Refs
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