Tomifobia River

Meandering between the hamlets of Tomifobia and Boynton

The Tomifobia River is a flowing body of fresh water in the Eastern Townships region of Quebec. The river forms a part of an international border between Canada and the United States near the village of Beebe Plain, Vermont.

Course

Opening of the Tomifobia at the headwaters of Lake Massawippi

The Tomifobia River is the primary source of Lake Massawippi. This lake was originally called Lake Tomifobi, and at the lake's exit, the river is renamed the Massawippi River. The Tomifobia River runs through an area that is mostly provincially protected Green Zone within the counties of Stanstead township, Stanstead East, and Ogden. This has helped protect the river from heavy waterfront housing growth (except near Lake Massawippi in Ayer's Cliff), characteristic of a number of other bodies of water in the area.

Watershed

Part of the river's watershed extends into Vermont. US lands draining into the river directly or indirectly include: Derby, Holland, and a small portion of Norton, Holland and Beaver Ponds. ^[1]

While a study by Roberge & Roy (2004) suggests there is little continuously suspended sediment in the river, there are some concerns about the expansion of the Tomifobia delta at the mouth of Lake Massawippi. Research indicates that this delta has been built through sporadic hydrological events rather than through agricultural catchment. Nevertheless, agricultural practices have undoubtedly contributed to the high levels of phosphates detected in lower portions of the river following periods of heavy rainfall.

Natural history

Fish include brook, grey, brown, and rainbow trout, landlocked atlantic salmon, pike, small-mouth bass, and mullet. A number of rare animal species, including the endangered wood turtle (Clemmys insculpta), have been documented within the wetlands of the Tomifobia valley,^[2] the Appalachian Corridor Appalachien (ACA). Avians in the area include bald eagles.

History

Kilborn's Mills on the Tomifobia, Stanstead County (c. 1830), built in 1803 by Colonel Charles Kilborn

Although its meaning is unknown, the origin of the word "Tomifobia" is likely Algonquian, the language spoken by the Abenaki tribes that seasonally travelled on the lake and river systems of the Eastern Townships prior to European settlement. An important link between the Connecticut and Saint Lawrence basins, the Tomifobia River is one of the most southern rivers to flow northward and eventually drain into the Saint Lawrence (via the Saint Francis). The Abenaki allied themselves with France during the French and Indian Wars and the Tomifobia valley remained part of New France until the 1763 Treaty of Paris, which granted the region to the English. Cited on maps as the "Barlow River" prior to 1900, the Tomifobia River valley was settled by United Empire Loyalists in the late 18th-century soon after the Constitutional Act of 1791 opened the land of what was then Lower Canada. Significant communities developed around a series of mills that were built on the river in the early part of the 19th-century , leading to the establishment of Boynton, Tomifobia [formerly Smith's Mills], and Stanstead Plain [Kilborn's Mills]. Each of these villages became stops along an important stagecoach and later railroad route between Boston and Montreal (the Massawippi Valley Railroad became part of the Boston and Maine Railroad network in 1867).

The 19-kilometre (12 mi) Tomifobia Nature Trail, formerly a CP Rail/Quebec Central Railway bed, borders much of the river between the villages of Ayer's Cliff and Beebe Plain, passing through the hamlets of Tomifobia and Boynton.

Economy

The Tomifobia River is important to recreational tourist summer activities including canoeing/kayaking, and fishing.

See also

• Stanstead, Quebec
• Lake Memphremagog
• Lake Massawippi
• Eastern Townships

References

1. Public invited to meetings about Memphremagog watershed. the Chronicle. August 8, 2007.
2. Appalachian Corridor Appalachien (ACA) Welcome

External links

• Tomifobia Nature Trail.
• Basin Planning

External references

• Roberge, S.; and Roy, A.G. 2004. Effects of agricultural practices on suspended sediment dynamics in the Tomifobia watershed. Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association of Geographers. Tuesday, May 25 – Saturday, May 29. Jointly organised by Université de Moncton and Mount Allison University. Moncton, New Brunswick.
• Stanstead: Historic Border Town by Matthew Farfan

Coordinates: 45°11′13″N 72°01′35″W / 45.1869°N 72.0264°W