Toplofikatsiya Sofia
Toplofikatsiya Sofia (Bulgarian: Топлофикация София, literally "District Heating Sofia") is the district heating company in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. It is the oldest and largest district heating network in Bulgaria (and, according to the company's website, on the Balkan Peninsula), brought into exploitation in 1949 with the opening of the first combined heat and power plant – TEC Sofia.[1]
Toplofikatsiya Sofia is a single-member JSC and holds a monopoly on heat distribution in the city. As of 2012, the company has a hot water and steam distribution network of over 950 km throughout the city [2][3](slide 3) and has over 430 000 clients.[4](p. 15)
The company has four power stations – two cogeneration plants, and two heat-only boiler stations –
| Name | Heat energy capacity (MWt) |
Heat energy output (2011) (MWth) |
Electric capacity (MWe) |
Electric output (2011) (MWeh) |
Built | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TEC Sofia | 1 790 [5] | 1 170 000 [6] | 125 | 315 000 [6] | 1949 [1] | - |
| TEC Sofia East | 2 010 [5] | 1 860 000 [6] | 186 | 650 000 [6] | 1964 [1] | - |
| OC Zemlyane | 580 [5] | 930 000 [6] | – | – | 1972 [1] | - |
| OC Lyulin | 580 [5] | 550 000 [6] | – | – | 1977 [1] | - |
| Total | 5 000 [2][7] | 5 100 000 [6][7] | 280 [7] | 1 020 000 [6] | – | - |
The company also has several temporary boiler stations throughout the city, which are usually only brought into exploitation during the winter months.
As of February 2013, part of the 2013 Bulgarian protests are aimed at the business model employed by Toplofikatsiya Sofia, with protesters complaining about high bills and lack of transparency in the company's practices.[8][9][10][11][12]
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 Toplofikatsiya Sofia - History (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 2 Mar 2013.
- 1 2 In Focus: Toplofikatsiya Sofia (in Bulgarian), Engineering-Review.bg, June 2012. Retrieved 2 Mar 2013.
- ↑ Toplofikatsiya Sofia Slide Presentation (in Bulgarian), NBU, 2008. Retrieved 2 Mar 2013.
- ↑ Toplofikatsiya Sofia - 2011 Financial Statement (in Bulgarian), Toplofikatsiya Sofia, 15 Mar 2012 Retrieved 2 Mar 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 Program for the application of directive 2001/80/ес (in Bulgarian), BCCI, 13 Jan 2013. Retrieved 2 Mar 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Decision C-16, 28 Jun 2012, p.19-20, (in Bulgarian), DKER, 9 Jul 2012. Retrieved 2 Mar 2013.
- 1 2 3 Toplofikatsiya Sofia - About us (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 2 Mar 2013.
- ↑ Protest Against Toplofikatsiya's Monopoly (in Bulgarian), BNT, 4 Feb 2013. Retrieved 2 Mar 2013.
- ↑ Disgruntled customers burn their heating bills in protest against Toplofikatsiya (in Bulgarian) 24 Chasa, 20 Jan 2013. Retrieved 2 Mar 2013.
- ↑ National Protest against Toplofikatsiya Sofia is being prepared (in Bulgarian) iNews.bg, 4 Feb 2013. Retrieved 2 Mar 2013.
- ↑ Sofianites Revolting Against "The Organized Criminal Group That Is Toplofikatsiya" (in Bulgarian), Ibox News, 4 Feb 2013. Retrieved 2 Mar 2013.
- ↑ Protest being organized against the high heating bills (in Bulgarian), Darik News, 4 Feb 2013. Retrieved 2 Mar 2013.
External links
- toplo.bg – official website
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