Topness

Flavour in particle physics
Flavour quantum numbers
Isospin: I or I₃ Charm: C Strangeness: S Topness: T Bottomness: B′
Related quantum numbers
Baryon number: B Lepton number: L Weak isospin: T or T₃ Electric charge: Q X-charge: X
Combinations
Hypercharge: Y Y = (B + S + C + B′ + T) Y = 2 (Q − I₃) Weak hypercharge: Y_W Y_W = 2 (Q − T₃) X + 2Y_W = 5 (B − L)
Flavour mixing
CKM matrix PMNS matrix Flavour complementarity

Topness (also called truth), a flavour quantum number, represents the difference between the number of top quarks (t) and number of top antiquarks (t) that are present in a particle:

T = n_\text{t} - n_\bar{\text{t}}

By convention, top quarks have a topness of +1 and top antiquarks have a topness of −1.The term "topness" is rarely used; most physicists simply refer to "the number of top quarks" and "the number of top antiquarks".

Conservation

Like all flavour quantum numbers, topness is preserved under strong and electromagnetic interactions, but not under weak interaction. However the top quark is extremely unstable, with a half-life under 10⁻²³ s, which is the required time for the strong interaction to take place. For that reason the top quark does not hadronize, that is it never forms any meson or baryon, so the topness of a meson or a baryon is always zero. By the time it can interact strongly it has already decayed to another flavour of quark (usually to a bottom quark).

Topness

Conservation

Further reading