Tourism in the Republic of Ireland

The Cliffs of Moher in County Clare attracts around 1 million visitors each year.

Ireland has many beaches and Seaside resorts such as this one in Kilkee.

Dublin Castle, the former seat of British Rule in Ireland.

Phoenix Park, the largest inner city park in Europe.

Tourism in the Republic of Ireland is one of the biggest contributors to the Economy of the Republic of Ireland, with over 7.3 million people visiting the country in 2014, about 1.6 times Ireland's population.^[1][2] Each year about €5bn in revenue is made from economic activities directly related to tourists, accounting for about 4% of GNP and employing over 200,000 people.^[3][4] In 2011 alone, Ireland was voted 'Favourite holiday destination in the World' by readers of Frommer's Guide, Lonely Planet listed Ireland as the world's friendliest country and Cork City as one of the top ten cities in the world and the Irish tourist boards website, DiscoverIreland.com, was named the best tourist board website in the world.^[5][6] Most tourists visiting Ireland come from the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany and France.

Transport in Ireland

Ireland's national flag carrier is Aer Lingus, which services Europe, North America and North Africa, but the vast majority of flights originating from continental Europe come from another Irish company, Ryanair, the biggest low cost airline in the world. These airlines, along with others, fly into all three of Ireland's international airports, Shannon Airport, Dublin Airport and Cork Airport. Dublin Airport is by far the busiest, accounting for over 80% of passenger entering and leaving Ireland in 2011.^[7] Along with these airports there are several other regional airports in the country including Knock Airport and Kerry Airport, which both operate international flights to Europe.
For travellers from mainland Europe and the UK, another way to enter the country is by sea, with connections by ferry to Roscoff and Cherbourg in France, Liverpool in England and Pembroke, Fishguard and Holyhead in Wales and Douglas on the Isle of Man. These routes are operated by Irish Ferries, Stena Line, Celtic Link Ferries and P&O Ferries.^[8][9][10]
Motorways link Dublin with all the major cities in the country and there are plans to extend the motorway system in the future. In recent years the quality of Irish roads has improved dramatically with the advent of the Celtic Tiger and significant European Union funding, although outside the main routes, roads can be quite unpredictable in terms of quality and upkeep, especially in rural areas such as Co. Kerry and Co. Donegal.
The rail and light rail network in Ireland is not as extensive as it once was, but it is still possible to get from city to city using the rail system, although many rural stations have closed along these lines. At the moment there is only one light rail system in the country, the Luas in Dublin. This system opened in 2004 and due to the number of people availing of it (27.5million in 2010) it was stated as being "Dublin's best public transport success story" by Minister for Transport, Leo Varadkar in 2011.^[11]

Cities

Dublin

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The largest city in the Republic of Ireland is Dublin. Due to its proximity to Britain, it was the most important city in Ireland during the Tudor conquest of Ireland and subsequent British Invasions until after 1922 when the Irish Free State was formed. As the British held a presence here for over 500 years, most of the historic buildings from the 1500s on were built by them. As Dublin Airport is located just outside the city, most international visitors to Ireland begin their stay here. Among the main attractions in Dublin are Dublin Castle, the seat of British rule in Ireland until 1922, Phoenix Park, one of the largest inner city parks in the world,^[12] The General Post Office, one of Ireland's most famous buildings due to the 1916 Easter rising, Kilmainham Gaol, a former prison turned museum that held and executed the rebels of the 1916 Rising and Trinity College, where the Book of Kells and the Book of Durrow are held.^[13] In 2010, Dublin was awarded the title of UNESCO City of Literature, as many famous writers such as James Joyce and Samuel Beckett are from the city.^[14]

Other Attractions

• St. James's Gate Brewery, a brewery founded in 1759 that produces Guinness. It is the second most visited tourist attraction in Ireland.
• Bloomsday, a festival of celebration into James Joyce's life, during which the events of his novel Ulysses are relived. It is held annually in Dublin on 16 June.^[15]
• The Ha'penny Bridge, a famous Victorian bridge spanning the River Liffey.
• Croke Park, one of Europe's biggest stadiums and principal stadium of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA).^[16]
• Temple Bar, an area on the south side of the city that has preserved its medieval street pattern, with many narrow cobbled streets. It is now famous for its cultural and nightlife spots.
• Saint Stephen's Green, a city centre public park.

Cork

Situated on the southern coast of Ireland, Cork is the second biggest city in the country. Due to a population explosion in the 1800s, many of its most famous buildings are from this era. In this period two cathedrals were built, Cathedral of St Mary and St Anne and Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral. Another historic attraction from this time is Cork City Gaol which opened in 1824, it is now a visitor centre for people to feel what it was like to live in the city, and imprisoned in the jail, 200 years ago.^[17] Cork's most famous building and the symbol of the city, The Church of St. Anne, is known for its clock tower dubbed "The Four Faced Liar" on account of all four of the clocks showing slightly different times. Cork Airport is located just outside the city and connects Cork to many European cities, although most flight routes are only available in the summer.

Other Attractions

• Fota Wildlife Park, a zoo located just outside the city on Fota Island, now one of the most popular visitor attractions in the country.^[18]
• Elizabeth Fort, a 17th-century star fort just off Barrack Street, originally built as a defensive fortification outside the city walls, it is now a tourist attraction.
• Cork Opera House, an opera house built in the 1850s.
• The English Market, a food market that dates back to 1610. The market draws visitors from throughout the world, including a visit by Queen Elizabeth II during her 2011 state visit in 2011.^[19][20]
• University College Cork, a National University of Ireland, the grounds are popular with visitors due to the fact the River Lee flows through it.
• Blarney Castle, a medieval castle in Blarney, a town just west of Cork. The castle is now a partial ruin with some accessible rooms and battlements, and is the location of the Blarney Stone, a stone which is rumoured to give you the gift of eloquence when you kiss it.

Limerick

Situated on the mouth of the River Shannon, Limerick has been an important gateway city for over 800 years. Due to the city's location on the midpoint of the Atlantic Corridor, it has become something of a base city for tourists travelling along the west coast of Ireland, although the city has many attractions in its own right. King John's Castle in the medieval quarter of the city is arguably the best known attraction in the city, dating back to 922AD. The old city walls of Limerick surround a small bit of the site, although most of the walls have collapsed.^[21] The Hunt Museum in the city hosts one of the worlds greatest private collections in the world, winning the Museum of the year award many times over the years.^[22] The museum has a wide collection of both ancient and medieval pieces of art and sculpture, originating from varied locations and civilisations around the world including Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Ancient Egypt and the Olmec Civilisation. Artists' works in the museum include Pablo Picasso, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Jack B. Yeats and Henry Moore.^[23]

Other Attractions

• Foynes village and Museum, a small village outside Limerick City that was the last port of call for Seaplanes heading towards The Americas. This stretch of the River Shannon became one of the biggest civilian airports in Europe during World War II, and was where the drink Irish Coffee was first served.^[24][25]
• St John's Cathedral, one of two cathedrals in the city, this one has been in continuous use since 1861 and its spire is the tallest in the country, topping out at 94m. Built in a Gothic Revival style, it is one of the few Irish buildings designed by Philip Charles Hardwick.^[26]
• Adare, a tourist destination and heritage centre, this aged village is popular due to the fact many of its buildings still bear their original thatched roofs, or crafted stone exteriors.^[27]
• Lough Gur, one of Ireland's most important archaeological sites, humans have lived at Lough Gur since about 3000BC and there are several megalithic remains there.

Galway

Achieving city status in 1484, Galway celebrated its quincentenary in 1984. Galway in itself is not particularly known for its attractions, but rather for its lively atmosphere and entertainment scene.^[28] This is partly because 25% of the population of Galway (75,529 in 2011) is made up of students primarily from NUI Galway and GMIT, two third level institutes in the city. Galway is particularly popular with American tourists as Galway is said to be the most 'Irish' of Ireland's cities, and is one of the few urban areas where you are likely to hear Irish spoken, due to the fact the Gaeltacht area of Connemara is only a few kilometres away.^[28] The biggest lake in the country, Lough Corrib, is situated north of the city.
The ferry to the Aran Islands is located about 40 minutes away and departs from the village of Rossaveal regularly. The Aran Islands are located in Galway Bay, and the Irish Language is by far the most used language on the islands, with the vast majority using the language regularly. As the islands are quite a bit from the mainland, cars are quite rare and the main form of transport is the bicycle.^[29]

Waterford

Waterford is a city in the South-East region of Ireland. It is the smallest city in the country, with a population of just over 132,000 in 2011, although it is the oldest, being founded by Vikings in 324AD. Situated in the south east, the city has one of the warmest climates in Ireland, getting on average an extra hour of sunshine each day.^[30] The seaside town of Tramore is located just south of the city and has 5 km long beach, and is also a popular surfing spot.

Coastlines and resorts

As the Republic of Ireland occupies just over 80% of the Island of Ireland, the country has become famous for its scenic coastline and villages and towns by the shoreline. The most widely known of these are situated in the west of Ireland, mostly in Munster, but other areas of the country have their own individual resorts as well. The Cliffs of Moher are the most famous cliffs in Ireland, but the highest cliffs in Ireland and Great Britain are the Croaghaun, on the Atlantic coast of Achill Island off Co. Mayo, which rise to 688m, over three times higher than the Cliffs of Moher.^[31] The Slieve League cliffs in Co. Donegal are often incorrectly stated as being the highest, but at only 601m, they come in second.
The south and south west of Ireland is particularly known for its seaside resorts including Kilkee, Lahinch, Quilty, Spanish Point and Doonbeg in Co. Clare, Youghal, Ballycotton, Kinsale and Bantry in Co. Cork and Glenbeigh, Dingle, Castlegregory and Ballybunion in Co. Kerry. As the west of the country faces the stormy Atlantic, it has become synonymous with surfing, particularly in Co. Donegal, Co. Sligo and Co. Clare.^[32] A tourism driving route, the Wild Atlantic Way, extends for 2,500 km of roadway along the West coast.

Festivals and events

Women playing violin in the Dublin St. Patrick's Day Parade

Ireland has many festivals, most of which take place annually. The most famous by far is the St Patrick's Festival which takes place in every county all over Ireland and celebrates Irish culture the world over. Although St. Patrick's Day festivals are held all over the world on 17 March, the festival in Ireland lasts over a week, and includes the parades on the 17 as well as the Skyfest celebrations, a fireworks display held somewhere different in Ireland every year. Part of the celebrations include Seachtain na Gaeilge (Irish Week), which aims to promote the Irish language during the two weeks proceeding the festival. The parade in Dublin is the focal point of the festival, with over 500,000 people attending it in 2012.^[33]
Another festival which is known worldwide, particularly in Europe, is the Oxegen Music Festival. Although it wasn't held in 2012, it will be held in 2013. First held in 2004, the four-day festival has, for two consecutive years, been named as the Best European Festival in a poll which included festivals from France, Netherlands, Spain, United Kingdom and other countries.^[34] Among the artists to have played at the festival include Beyoncé, The Black Eyed Peas, Afrojack, Eminem and Coldplay.
For Irish people, probably the most celebrated sporting events are the annual finals of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship and the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. These matches, normally held around the middle of September, are normally fully sold out, with well over 80,000 people packed into Croke Park, the largest stadium in Europe not used primarily for Soccer.
Another festival that celebrates the Irish Culture and Diaspora all over the world is the Rose of Tralee. This international competition, which is celebrated among the Irish communities all over the world, is held annually in the town of Tralee in Co. Kerry. The winner is picked based on her personality and her ability to be a good role model for the festival and for Ireland during her travels around the world. Unlike other pageants, the competitors are not judged on their appearance nor their body. One of the only rules of the competition is that the potential roses have to have an Irish ancestry.^[35]
The Galway Races is an Irish horse-racing festival that starts on the last Monday of July every year. Traditionally the busiest days of the races are the Thursday, when the Galway Hurdle and ladies day take place. It is famous throughout the world for being one of the world's biggest race meetings. It is estimated that over the week-long festival, 150,000 people attend the event.^[36]
The Galway International Oyster Festival is another popular festival held in the City of Galway. Over the years it has won many prestigious awards and titles including 'one of the 12 greatest shows on earth' by the Sunday Times, and was listed in the AA Travel Guide as one of Europe's Seven Best Festivals, on par with the Munich Beer Festival.^[37][38]
Electric Picnic is another popular music festival held in Stradbally Hall in Stradbally, County Laois every year since 2004. It was voted Best Medium-Sized European Festival at the 2010 European Festival Awards, and has been voted Best Big Festival at each of the last four Irish Festival Awards since they began in 2007. Compared to other major music festivals, there is more emphasis on quality festival services such as food and sleeping arrangements. Rolling Stone Magazine stated it was one of the best festivals they had ever been to.^[39]

The Galway Arts Festival

The Lisdoonvarna Matchmaking Festival is one of the oldest festivals in the country, originally started in 1892. Held over the month of September every year, the festival attracts between 20,000 and 40,000 romantic hopefuls, coming from all over the world to take part in the events. In recent years the festival has become particularly popular with tourists from the Far East. Willie Daly, the prime matchmaker, uses his notebook of love-seeking profiles to match potential couples, and the festival has evolved to become the biggest matchmaking festival in Europe.^[40]
The Galway Arts Festival is an annual arts festival that takes place each July in Galway City. It is an international celebration of the performing and visual arts and an important showcase for the Irish arts. Every year around 150,000 people attend the event annually. Founded in 1978, the festival continues to grow as a major attraction for national and international visitors

Geological tourism

Ireland has many geological attractions, most being along the coastline of the country. The two most famous geologically important destinations are both in Co. Clare; the Cliffs of Moher and The Burren. The Cliffs of Moher are one of the most visited sites in the country, with the rocks at the bottom of the cliffs dated as being about 320 million years old, formed when Ireland was under water during the Carboniferous Period.^[41] The Burren was also created during this period. When a tropical sea flooded the south of the country, a buildup of coral (Limestone) began, covering many places in Ireland. When the sea shallowed, rocks such as Sandstone and Shale were deposited over the Limestone, effectively covering it over again. The Burren is one of the largest karst landscapes in Europe and is one of the few places in the country where the limestone is visible above ground.^[42]
Many Irish mountains are also of geological distinction, most of them being formed in the Caledonian or Amorican era. These mountains, formed between 400 and 250 million years ago, would have been the same height as the Alps, but due to weathering, have become much smaller over time.^[43]

Statistics

In 2014 7,604,400 overseas tourists visited Ireland, a 8.1% increase over the previous years figure of 6,985,900.^[44]

Overseas Visitors to the Republic of Ireland 2008–2014 (millions)

Updated: 27 February 2015.

Rank	Country	Visitors	Percentage
1	United Kingdom	3,163,900	41.6%
2	United States &  Canada	1,328,600	17.5%
3	Germany	455,700	6.0%
4	France	396,000	5.2%
5	Spain	307,900	3.8%
6	Belgium,  Netherlands, &  Luxembourg	274,700	3.6%
7	Italy	257,800	3.4%
8	Denmark,  Finland,  Norway &  Sweden	200,300	2.6%
9	Australia,  New Zealand & Rest of Oceania	190,000	2.5%
	Rest of Europe	601,500	7.9%
	Rest of World	283,800	3.7%
	Total	7,604,400	100% [44]

In 2013 6,985,900 overseas tourists visited Ireland, a 7.2% increase over the previous years figure.^[44]

Rank	Country	Visitors	Percentage
1	United Kingdom	2,929,000	42%
2	United States	1,036,000	14.8%
3	Germany	483,000	7%
4	France	434,000	6%
5	Belgium,  Netherlands, &  Luxembourg	265,000	3.8%
6	Spain	263,000	3.8%
7	Italy	234,000	3.4%
8	Denmark,  Finland,  Norway &  Sweden	210,000	3%
9	Australia,  New Zealand & Rest of Oceania	188,000	2.7%
10	Canada	123,000	1.8%
	Rest of Europe	575,000	8.2%
	Rest of World	248,000	3.5%
	Total	6,985,900	100%

Entry regulations

Citizens of the countries on Schedule 1 of this list do not need a visa to travel to Ireland
Under the Short-stay Waiver Programme, anyone from the countries on the list below can travel to Ireland within the time remaining on a current UK visa, without the requirement to obtain an Irish visa, and be granted permission to stay in Ireland up to a maximum of 90 days, or the time left on their UK visa to expire.^[45]

Irish Short-stay Visa Waiver Programme[45]
Belarus
Montenegro
Russia
Serbia
Turkey
Ukraine
Bahrain
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
India
Kazakhstan
China[n 1]
Uzbekistan

Citizens of most countries can enter Ireland without a visa, or by the Short-stay Visa Waiver Programme, however citizens of the following countries need a transit visa to even travel through Ireland on their way to another country;^[46]

Citizens of countries who need transit visas[46]
Afghanistan
Albania
Cuba
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Ghana
Iran
Iraq
Lebanon
Moldova
Montenegro
Nigeria
Serbia
Somalia
Sri Lanka
Zimbabwe

Tourism organisations

Tourism Ireland was established under the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. It is jointly funded by the Irish Government and the Northern Ireland Executive on a two-to-one ratio. Tourism Ireland works together with the two tourist boards on the island, Fáilte Ireland and the Northern Ireland Tourist Board, to promote Ireland as a leading tourist destination, both North and South.

Fáilte Ireland
Fáilte Ireland is the biggest tourist body in Ireland, and promotes tourism as a leading component of the Irish economy. The organisation provides strategic and practical support to develop and sustain Ireland as a tourist destination. The organisation runs Discoverireland.com, an award winning website that tries to entice tourists to Ireland.^[47]

References

1. In relation to China, nationals of the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau are already on the list of those nationals who do not require a visa to travel to Ireland.

1. "Tourism figures not a true reflection of visitor spend in 2014". Irish Times. Dec 17, 2014. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
2. "Irish Tourism Industry in Two Speed Recovery". Irish Hotel Federation. 4 March 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
3. "Tourism Numbers 2009–2011" (PDF). Failte Ireland. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
4. "Targeting Spanish Visitors for Ireland". Tourism Ireland. 25 January 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
5. Failte Ireland Tourism 2011. Failte Ireland. 27 January 2011.
6. "Tourism Ireland website wins award". siliconrepublic.com. 6 April 2011. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
7. "Annual Report and Financial Statements 2011". Dublin Airport Authority. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
8. "P&O Ferries Official Website". P&O Ferries. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
9. "Stena Line Official Website". Stena Line. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
10. "Irish Ferries Official Website". Irish Ferries. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
11. "Luas is Dublin's best public transport success story". JC Decaux. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
12. "Largest Inner City Park in Europe". Trivago. Retrieved 1 January 2006.
13. "The Old Library and the Book of Kells Exhibition". Trinity College Dublin. Retrieved 1 January 2006.
14. "City of Literature". Visit Dublin. Retrieved 1 January 2006.
15. "Bloomsday marked in Dublin". Irish Times. 17 June 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2006.
16. "Croke Park – Facts & Figures". Croke Park. Retrieved 1 January 2006.
17. "Cork City Gaol ≈ History". Cork Gaol. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
18. "Fota Wildlife – About us". Fota Wildlife. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
19. "Crowds cheer as Queen visits market". The Independent.
20. New York Times Travel – Cork – Old English Market
21. "Limerick City Walls Conservation Plan". aegisarchaeology.com. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
22. "Limerick's Hunt Museum wins award". RTÉ. 25 November 2003. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
23. "Hunt Museum Collection". Hunt Museum. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
24. "Foynes Flying Boat Museum". Foynes Flying Boat Museum. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
25. "Irish Coffee at Foynes". Foynes Flying Boat Museum. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
26. "History of St John's Cathedral". Limerick Diocese. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
27. "History of Adare". Bill Chawke. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
28. "Introducing Galway City". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
29. "Aran Islands Guide". aranislands.ie. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
30. "Rosslare Sunshine Hours". eca.nl. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
31. "Croaghaun, Ireland's highest cliffs". Geograph.ie. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
32. "Surfing Locations split by Location". wannasurf.com. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
33. "Dublin hosts St Patrick's Day party". Irish Independent. 17 March 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
34. "OXEGEN NAMED BEST FESTIVAL & BEST LINE-UP IN EUROPE". Oxygen. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
35. "Rose of Tralee – Entry Info". Southern California Rose Of Tralee. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
36. "Launch of the Galway Summer Festival 2012". Galway Races. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
37. Keeble, Jim (16 January 2000). "The Greatest Shows on Earth". The Sunday Times.
38. "History of the Festival". Galway International Oyster Festival Website. Archived from the original on 15 February 2006. Retrieved 4 May 2006.
39. "What People Say About Electric Picnic". Electric Picnic. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
40. "150 years of Matchmaking in Lisdoonvarna". Match Maker Ireland. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
41. Geology of the Cliffs of Moher. Youtube. 17 December 2008.
42. "Two Feet from Shore". Diving.ie. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
43. "Volcanoes, earthquakes and fold mountains". Skoool.ie. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
44. http://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/er/ot/overseastravelnovember2014-january2015/#.VPCFWvmsVjY
45. "The Irish Short-stay Visa Waiver Programme" (PDF). Inis.gov.ie. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
46. "Visa requirements for entering Ireland". Citizens information. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
47. "Discover Ireland Website Home Page". Discover Ireland. Retrieved 16 September 2012.

External links

• Official website
• Ireland travel and tourism at DMOZ