Traditional Japanese musical instruments

Traditional Japanese musical instruments are musical instruments used in the traditional and folk music of Japan. They comprise a range of string, wind, and percussion instruments.

Percussion

• Hyōshigi (拍子木) — wooden or bamboo clappers
• Mokugyo (木魚) — woodblock carved in the shape of a fish, struck with a wooden stick; often used in Buddhist chanting
• Shōko (鉦鼓) — small bronze gong used in gagaku; struck with two horn beaters
• Sasara (ささら) — clapper made from wooden slats connected by a rope or cord
  • Ita-sasara (板ささら) — clapper made from wooden slats connected by a rope or cord
  • Bin-sasara (編木, 板ささら; also spelled bin-zasara) — clapper made from wooden slats connected by a rope or cord
• Kokiriko (筑子, こきりこ) — a pair of sticks which are beaten together slowly and rhythmically
• Kagura suzu — hand-held bell tree with three tiers of pellet bells
• Kane (鉦) — small flat gong
• Shakubyoshi (also called shaku) — clapper made from a pair of flat wooden sticks
• Taiko (太鼓), literally "great drum"
  • Den-den daiko (でんでん太鼓) — pellet drum, used as a children's toy
  • Kakko (羯鼓) — small drum used in gagaku
  • Ōtsuzumi (大鼓) — hand drum
  • Shime-daiko (締太鼓) — small drum played with sticks
  • Tsuzumi (鼓) — small hand drum
  • San-no-tsuzumi (三の鼓), hourglass-shaped double-headed drum; struck only on one side
  • Tsuri-daiko (釣太鼓) — drum on a stand with ornately painted head, played with a padded stick
• Ikko — small, ornately decorated hourglass-shaped drum

Strings

• Biwa
• Gottan or hako-jamisen
• Ichigenkin (kanji: 一絃琴) — one-string zither
• Junanagen (十七絃) — 17-stringed zither
• Koto (琴, 箏) — long zither
• Kugo (箜篌) — an angled harp used in ancient times and recently revived
• Sanshin (三線) — three-string banjo from Okinawa
• Shamisen (三味線) — A banjo-like lute with three strings, the shamisen was brought to Japan from China in the 16th century. Popular in Edo's pleasure districts, the shamisen was often used in Kabuki theater. Made from red sandalwood and ranging from 1.1 to 1.4 meters long, the shamisen has ivory pegs, strings made from twisted silk, and a belly covered in cat or dog skin. The strings, which are of different thickness, are plucked or struck with a tortoise shell pick.
• Taishogoto (大正琴) — zither with metal strings and keys
• Tonkori (トンコリ) — plucked instrument used by the Ainu of Hokkaidō
• Yamatogoto (大和琴) — ancient long zither; also called wagon (和琴)

Bowed

• Kokyū - bowed lute with three (or, more rarely, four) strings and a skin-covered body

Wind

Flutes

Japanese flutes are called Flutes. There are eight different flutes

• Hocchiku (法竹) — vertical bamboo flute
• Nohkan (能管) — transverse bamboo flute used for noh theater
• Ryūteki (龍笛) — transverse bamboo flute used for gagaku
• Kagurabue (神楽笛) — transverse bamboo flute used for mi-kagura (御神楽, Shinto ritual music)
• Komabue (高麗笛) — transverse bamboo flute used for komagaku; similar to the ryūteki
• Shakuhachi (尺八) — vertical bamboo flute used for Zen meditation
• Shinobue (篠笛) — transverse folk bamboo flute
• Tsuchibue (hiragana: つちぶえ; kanji: 土笛; literally "earthen flute") — globular flute made from clay

Reed Instruments

• Hichiriki (篳篥) — double-reeded instrument used in gagaku

Free reed mouth organs

• Shō (笙) — 17-pipe mouth organ used for gagaku
• U (竽) — large mouth organ

Horns

• Horagai (法螺貝) — seashell horn; also called jinkai (陣貝)

Other

• Mukkuri (ムックリ) — jaw harp used by the Ainu people
• Koukin (口琴) — general name for the jaw harp, in Edo period also called Biyabon (びやぼん)

See also

• Music of Japan
• Gagaku

Bibliography

Gunji, Sumi; Johnson, Henry (2012). A Dictionary of Traditional Japanese Musical Instruments: From Prehistory to the Edo Period. Tokyo: Eideru Kenkyūjo. ISBN 978-4-87168-513-9.