Translational regulation

Translational regulation refers to the control of the levels of protein synthesized from its mRNA. The corresponding mechanisms are primarily targeted on the control of ribosome recruitment on the initiation codon, but can also involve modulation of the elongation or termination of protein synthesis. In most cases, translational regulation involves specific RNA secondary structures on the mRNA.[1][2] An example of regulation at the level of initiation is the phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2. An example of regulation at the level of termination is functional translational readthrough of the lactate dehydrogenase gene LDHB.[3]

Other common translation regulatory elements include upstream open reading frames, codon optimality, start codon context (Kozak sequence optimality).

References

  1. ↑ Kozak M (1999). "Initiation of translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes". Gene 234 (2): 187–208. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00210-3. PMID 10395892.
  2. ↑ Malys N, McCarthy JEG (2010). "Translation initiation: variations in the mechanism can be anticipated". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 68 (6): 991–1003. doi:10.1007/s00018-010-0588-z. PMID 21076851.
  3. ↑ Schueren F, Lingner T, George R, Hofhuis J, Gartner J, Thoms S (2014). "Peroxisomal lactate dehydrogenase is generated by translational readthrough in mammals". eLife 3: e03640. doi:10.7554/eLife.03640. PMID 25247702.


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