Tremarctos floridanus
| Tremarctos floridanus Temporal range: Pliocene–Holocene | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Carnivora |
| Family: | Ursidae |
| Subfamily: | Tremarctinae |
| Tribe: | Tremarctini |
| Genus: | Tremarctos |
| Species: | †T. floridanus Gidley, 1928 |
| Binomial name | |
| †Tremarctos floridanus | |
Tremarctos floridanus, occasionally called the Florida spectacled bear, Florida cave bear, or rarely Florida short-faced bear, is an extinct species of bear in the family Ursidae, subfamily Tremarctinae. T. floridanus was endemic to North America from the Pliocene to Holocene epoch (4.9 million — 11,000 years ago), existing for approximately 4.9 million years.[1]
Environment
T. floridanus was widely distributed south of the continental ice sheet, along the Gulf Coast across through Florida and north to Tennessee, and across the southern United States to California.
Arctodus (3 million — 11,000 years ago) was a contemporary and shared its habitat with T. floridanus. The closest living relative of the Florida cave bear is the spectacled bear of South America; they are classified together with the huge short-faced bears in the subfamily Tremarctinae. They became extinct at the end of the last ice age, 10,000 years ago (possibly as late as 8,000 years ago at Devil's Den in Florida),[2] due to some combination of climate change and hunting by newly arrived Paleo-Indians.
Taxonomy
Originally, Gidley named this animal Arctodus floridanus in 1928. It was recombined as Tremarctos floridanus by Kurten (1963), Lundelius (1972) and Kurten and Anderson (1980).[3][4]
Fossil distribution
Sites and specimen ages (not complete):
- Arroyo Seco (CU 45), Palm Spring Formation, San Diego County, California 4.9—1.8 Mya
- Cumberland Cave, Allegany County, Maryland 1.8 million — 300,000 years ago
- Cutler Fossil Site, Miami-Dade County, Florida 120,000—12,000 years ago[5]
- Devil's Den, Marion County, Florida about 8,000 years ago
- Lecanto 2A site, Citrus County, Florida paleontological sites, about ~300,000 — 11,000 years ago
- Ladd's Quarry Site, Bartow County, Georgia 1.8 million — 11,000 years ago
- Rock Spring Site, Orange County, Florida about 100,000 — 11,000 years ago
References
- ↑ PaleoBiology Database: Tremarctus, basic info
- ↑ Kurtén and Anderson: 56, 178-79
- ↑ E. L. Lundelius. 1972. Bureau of Economic Geology Report of Investigations 77.
- ↑ Kurtén and Anderson: 178-80
- ↑ Carr, Robert S. (2012). Digging Miami. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-8130-4206-0.
- Kurtén, Björn; Elaine Anderson (1980). Pleistocene Mammals of North America. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-03733-3. Retrieved 26 January 2013.