Trenck family

von der Trenck gen. Stier

Trenck gen. Stier coat of arms
Ethnicity	German
Current region	Prussia, Germany
Place of origin	Prussia
Members	Friedrich Wilhelm von der Trenck gen. Stier Karl Albrecht Graf von der Trenck gen. Stier Friedrich Freiherr von der Trenck gen. Stier Franz Freiherr von der Trenck gen. Stier Christoph Ehrenreich von der Trenck gen. Stier Friedrich Ludwig von der Trenck gen. Stier Alfred von der Trenck gen. Stier Siegfried von der Trenck gen. Stier
Estate	Schakaulack, East Prussia (the family seat of the Trenck gen. Stier family since 1478), Zwerbach, Lower Austria

The Trenck family is one of Prussia's preeminent aristocratic families of ancient nobility (Uradel).^[1] Over time, several family members were made Freiherrn and Grafen. Hereditary titles held by the v.d. Trenck gen. Stier family include Graf von der Trenck gen. Stier (since 5 June 1798)^[2] and Freiherr von der Trenck gen. Stier (permission granted by the King of Prussia on 9 May 1825).^[3]

Notable family members are Friedrich Freiherr von der Trenck (1726–1794) ^[4] and Franz Freiherr von der Trenck (1711–1749).^[5] Friedrich, the writer of the celebrated autobiography, was born on the 16th of February 1726 at Konigsberg, his father being a Prussian general.^[6] After distinguishing himself for his quickness and imagination at the university of Konigsberg, he entered the Prussian army in 1742, and soon became an orderly officer on King Frederick the Great's own staff.^[7] But within a year he fell into disgrace because of a love affair - whether real or imaginary - with the king's sister Princess Amalie.^[8] His autobiography, which has been translated into several languages, first appeared in German at Berlin and Vienna (13 vols.) in 1787. Shortly afterwards a French version, by his own hand, was published at Strassburg. His other published works are in eight volumes and appeared shortly after the autobiography at Leipzig. A reprint of the autobiography appeared in 1910 in "Reclam's Universal Series."^[9][10][11]

Friedrich's cousin Franz was born on 1 January 1711. Educated by the Jesuits at Oedenburg, he entered the Imperial army in 1728 but resigned in disgrace three years later. He then married and lived on his estates for some years. Upon the death of his wife in 1737 he offered to raise an irregular corps of "Pandours" for service against the Turks, but this offer was refused and he then entered the Russian army. But after serving against the Turks for a short time as captain and major of cavalry he was accused of bad conduct, brutality and disobedience and condemned to death, the sentence being commuted by Field Marschal Miinnich to degradation and imprisonment. After a time he returned to Austria, where his father was governor of a small fortress, but there too he came into conflict with every one and, actually "took sanctuary" in a convent in Vienna. But Prince Charles of Lorraine, interesting himself in this strange man, obtained for him an amnesty and a commission in a corps of irregulars. In this command, besides his usual truculence and robber manners, he displayed conspicuous personal bravery, and in spite of the general dislike into which his vices brought him his services were so valuable that he was promoted lieutenant-colonel (1743) and colonel (1744). But at the battle of Soor he and his irregulars plundered when they should have been fighting and Trenck was accused (probably falsely) of having allowed the king of Prussia himself to escape. After a time he was brought before a court-martial in Vienna, which convicted him of having sold and withdrawn commissions to his officers without the queen's leave, punished his men without heed to the military code, and drawn pay and allowance for fictitious men. Much was allowed to an irregular officer in all these respects, but Trenck had far outrun the admitted limits, and above all his brutalities and robberies had made him detested throughout Austria and Silesia. A death sentence followed, but the composition of the court-martial and its proceedings were thought to have been such as from the first forbade a fair trial, and the sentence was commuted by the queen into one of cashiering and imprisonment. The rest of his life was spent in mild captivity in the fortress of Spielberg, where he died on the 4th of October 1749.^[12]

Coat of arms of the noble family von der Trenck gen. Stier

The coat of arms of the Trenck gen. Stier family depicts in red the head of a silver bull with golden tongue and golden horns and two golden stars. The German word for 'bull' is 'Stier' which is the reason why the family has also been known as 'Stier'.^[13]

References

1. Gotha. Genealog. Taschenbuch der Adeligen Häuser, 7. Jg. 1906, page 794
2. Gotha. Genealog. Taschenbuch der Gräflichen Häuser, Teil A, 115. Jg. 1942, page 589
3. Gotha. Genealog. Taschenbuch der Freiherrlichen Häuser, 26. Jg. 1876, page 818
4. 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica
5. 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica
6. 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica
7. 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica
8. 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica
9. Wahrmann, Leben and Thaten des Franz, Freiherr von der Trenck (published at Leipzig in 1837)
10. Wahrmann, Friedrich Freiherrn von der Trencks Leben, Kerker and Tod (published at Leipzig in 1837)
11. 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica
12. 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica
13. Gotha. Genealog. Taschenbuch der Freiherrlichen Häuser, 26. Jg. 1876, page 818