Trithemis

Trithemis
Trithemis annulata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Odonata
Family:	Libellulidae
Genus:	Trithemis Brauer, 1868

Trithemis festiva

Trithemis aurora, male

Trithemis pallidinervis, female

Trithemis is a genus of dragonflies in the family Libellulidae. They are commonly known as dropwings. There are over 40 species, mainly from Africa; two are endemic to Madagascar, and five are endemic to Asia.^[1] They are found in a wide variety of habitats; some species being adapted to permanent streams in forests, and others being capable of breeding in temporary pools in deserts.^[2]

The genus contains the following species:^[3]

• Trithemis aconita Lieftinck, 1969 – monkshood dropwing,^[4] halfshade dropwing^[1]
• Trithemis aenea Pinhey, 1961 – bronze dropwing^[1]
• Trithemis aequalis Lieftinck, 1969 – swamp dropwing^[1]
• Trithemis africana (Brauer, 1867) - western phantom dropwing^[5]
• Trithemis annulata (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805) – violet dropwing,^[4][6] violet-marked darter^[7]
• Trithemis anomala Pinhey, 1955 – striped dropwing^[1]
• Trithemis arteriosa (Burmeister, 1839) – red-veined dropwing^[4]
• Trithemis aurora (Burmeister, 1839) – crimson marsh glider^[8]
• Trithemis basitincta Ris, 1912
• Trithemis bifida Pinhey, 1970 – shadow dropwing^[1]
• Trithemis bredoi Fraser, 1953 – river dropwing^[1]
• Trithemis brydeni Pinhey, 1970 – percher-like dropwing^[1]
• Trithemis congolica Pinhey, 1970 – Congo dropwing^[1]
• Trithemis dejouxi Pinhey, 1978 – stonewash dropwing^[1]
• Trithemis dichroa Karsch, 1893 - small dropwing,^[9] black dropwing^[1]
• Trithemis donaldsoni (Calvert, 1899) – denim dropwing^[4]
• Trithemis dorsalis (Rambur, 1842) – round-hook dropwing,^[4] highland dropwing^[1]
• Trithemis ellenbeckii Förster, 1906 – Ethiopian dropwing^[1]
• Trithemis festiva (Rambur, 1842) – indigo dropwing,^[6] black stream glider^[8]
• Trithemis fumosa Pinhey, 1962
• Trithemis furva Karsch, 1899 – navy dropwing^[4]
• Trithemis grouti Pinhey, 1961 - black dropwing,^[10] dark dropwing^[1]
• Trithemis hartwigi Pinhey, 1970 – superb dropwing^[1]
• Trithemis hecate Ris, 1912 – silhouette dropwing,^[4] hecate dropwing^[11]
• Trithemis hinnula Dijkstra, Mézière & Kipping, 2015 – mule dropwing^[12]
• Trithemis imitata Pinhey, 1961 – copycat dropwing^[1]
• Trithemis integra Dijkstra, 2007 – Albertine dropwing^[1]
• Trithemis kalula Kirby, 1900 – pretty dropwing^[1]
• Trithemis kirbyi Selys, 1891 – orange-winged dropwing,^[6] Kirby's dropwing^[4]
• Trithemis legrandi Dijkstra, Mézière & Kipping, 2015^[12] – robust dropwing^[12]
• Trithemis lilacina Förster, 1899
• Trithemis longistyla (Fraser, 1953)
• Trithemis monardi Ris, 1931 - Monard's dropwing,^[13] fluttering dropwing^[1]
• Trithemis morrisoni Damm & Hadrys, 2009 – rapids dropwing^[1]
• Trithemis nigra Longfield, 1936
• Trithemis nuptialis Karsch, 1894 - hairy-legged dropwing^[14]
• Trithemis osvaldae d'Andrea & Carfi, 1997
• Trithemis pallidinervis (Kirby, 1889) - long-legged marsh glider^[8]
• Trithemis palustris Damm & Hadrys, 2009 – marsh dropwing^[1]
• Trithemis persephone Ris, 1912
• Trithemis pluvialis Förster, 1906 – riffle-and-reed dropwing,^[4] river dropwing,^[15] russet dropwing^[1]
• Trithemis pruinata Karsch, 1899 – cobalt dropwing^[1]
• Trithemis selika Selys, 1869
• Trithemis stictica (Burmeister, 1839) – jaunty dropwing^[4]
• Trithemis werneri Ris, 1912 – elegant dropwing^[4]

References

1. Dijkstra, K.-D.B.; Clausnitzer, V. (2014). The dragonflies and damselflies of eastern Africa. Tervuren: Royal Museum for Central Africa. ISBN 978-94-916-1506-1.
2. Damm, S.; Dijkstra, K. D. B.; Hadrys, H. (2010). "Red drifters and dark residents: the phylogeny and ecology of a Plio-Pleistocene dragonfly radiation reflects Africa’s changing environment (Odonata, Libellulidae, Trithemis)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54 (3): 870–882. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
3. Martin Schorr, Martin Lindeboom, Dennis Paulson. "World Odonata List". University of Puget Sound. Retrieved 3 Oct 2013.
4. Samways, Michael J. (2008). The Dragonflies and Damselflies of South Africa. Pensoft. ISBN 954-642-330-0.
5. Clausnitzer, V. & Dijkstra, K.-D.B. (2009). "Trithemis africana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
6. "Checklist, English common names". DragonflyPix.com. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
7. Clausnitzer, V. (2006). "Trithemis annulata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
8. Subramanian, K. A. (2005). Dragonflies and Damselflies of Peninsular India (PDF).
9. Clausnitzer, V., Suhling, F. & Dijkstra, K.-D.B. (2009). "Trithemis dichroa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
10. Clausnitzer, V., Suhling, F. & Dijkstra, K.-D.B. (2009). "Trithemis grouti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
11. Clausnitzer, V., Suhling, F. & Dijkstra, K.-D.B. (2009). "Trithemis hecate". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
12. Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B.; Kipping, Jens; Mézière, Nicolas (2015). "Sixty new dragonfly and damselfly species from Africa (Odonata)" (PDF). Odonatologica 44 (4): 447–678. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
13. Clausnitzer, V., Suhling, F. & Dijkstra, K.-D.B. (2009). "Trithemis monardi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
14. Clausnitzer, V., Suhling, F. & Dijkstra, K.-D.B. (2009). "Trithemis nuptialis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
15. Clausnitzer, V. & Suhling, F. (2009). "Trithemis pluvialis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 28 November 2010.