Troides magellanus
Magellan Birdwing | |
---|---|
Dorsal view | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Lepidoptera |
Family: | Papilionidae |
Genus: | Troides |
Species: | T. magellanus |
Binomial name | |
Troides magellanus (Felder, 1862) | |
The Magellan Birdwing (Troides magellanus) is a large and striking Birdwing butterfly found in the Philippines and on Taiwan's Orchid Island.
This butterfly is named for the explorer Ferdinand Magellan who was killed in the Philippines in 1521.
Description
- For terms see External morphology of Lepidoptera.
Male: The fore wings are ground colour black. The veins are bordered by white colour.The underside of the forewings is very similar to the upperside, but some veins are bordered by yellow.The hind wings are golden yellow. The veins and the marginal edge of the hindwing are black. The golden area has an opal, green colour or blue colour at a certain angle. The underside of the hindwing is very similar to the upperside and also has the optical effect.
The body (abdomen) is yellowish, but the underside is yellow. Head and thorax are black.
Female: Troides magellanus is sexually dimorphic.The female is larger than the male. The ground colour of the female is dark-brown to black. The veins are bordered by white colour-shading. There is a golden area with dark veins on the hind wings. At the edge there is a postdiscal chain of golden spots.The underside is very similar to the upperside.
Iridescence
T. magellanus shows a blue-green sheen if viewed from an oblique angle. Troides magellanus and the much rarer T. prattorum, are noted for their use of limited-view iridescence: the yellow of the dorsal hindwings is modified by bright blue-green iridescence which is only seen when the butterfly is viewed at a narrow, oblique angle. This "grazing iridescence" is brought about through diffraction of light (after back-reflection) by the wings' extremely steeply-set, multilayered rib-like scales (rather than the ridge-lamellae of most other iridescent butterflies, such as Morpho species). Such limited-view iridescence was previously only known from one other species, the lycaenid Ancyluris meliboeus. In A. meliboeus, however, the iridescence is produced by ridge-lamellar scales and features a wider range of colours.
Distribution
Philippines Batan Island, Babuyan Island, Luzon, Polillo, Marinduque, Cuyo Island, Samar, Cebu, Leyte, Bohol and Mindanao
Taiwan Hung-t'ou Hsii Is (Orchid Island) only
Biology
Larvae feed on species of Aristolochia - Aristolochia acuminata, Aristolochia debilis, Aristolochia kankauensis, Aristolochia tagala and Aristolochia zollingeriana
Subspecies
- Troides magellanus magellanus Philippines
- Troides magellanus sonani (Matsumura, 1931) 65 km south-east of Taïwan on Orchid Island
Forma
- Troides magellanus f. apoensis Okano & Ohkura, 1978
- Troides magellanus f. leyteanus Okano & Ohkura, 1983
Related species
Troides magellanus is a member of the Troides aecus species group. The members of this clade are:
- Troides aeacus C. & R. Felder, 1860
- Troides magellanus (C. & R. Felder, 1862)
- Troides minos (Cramer, [1779])
- Troides rhadamantus (Lucas, 1835)
- Troides dohertyi (Rippon, 1893)
- Troides prattorum (Joicey & Talbot, 1922)
References
- Haugum, J. and Low, A.M. (1985) A Monograph of the Birdwing Butterflies. Scandinavian Science Press, Klampenborg.ISBN 87-87491-22-2
- Jumalon, Julian N. (1966) Notes on two Philippine Birdwings (Troides magellanus and Trogonoptera trojana) Philippine Scientist 1966 :13-21.
- Collins, N.M. & Morris, M.G. (1985) Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World. IUCN. ISBN 2-88032-603-6 pdf
- D'Abrera, B. (1975) Birdwing Butterflies of the World. Country Life Books, London.
- Okano, Masao; & Ohkura, Jozaburo, 1978 The geographical races of Troides magellanus (C. & R. Felder). Artes Liberales 23:173-175
- Kurt Rumbucher; Béla von Knötgen, 1999 Part.6, Papilionidae. 3, Troides. 1 aeacus- group in Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach Eds. Butterflies of the World Keltern : Goecke & Evers 1999. ISBN 978-3-931374-72-3
External links
- Troides magellanus at Ngypal
- www.butterflycorner.net Images from Naturhistorisches Museum Wien(English/German)
- Mindanao montane rain forests
- Troides magellanus