1971 Pacific typhoon season

1971 Pacific typhoon season
Season summary map
First system formed January 8, 1971
Last system dissipated December 30, 1971
Strongest storm1 Irma – 885 hPa (mbar), 285 km/h (180 mph) (1-minute sustained)
Total depressions 55
Total storms 35
Typhoons 24
Super typhoons 6
Total fatalities At least 617 total
Total damage $57.7 million (1971 USD)
1Strongest storm is determined by lowest pressure
Pacific typhoon seasons
1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973

The 1971 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1971, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the international date line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1971 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions in this basin have the "W" suffix added to their number. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.

Storms

38 tropical depressions formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which 35 became tropical storms. 24 storms reached typhoon intensity, of which 6 reached super typhoon strength. The season had an extremely active start, with 11 storms forming before July 1 and 19 storms before August 1. According to the JMA, three named storms formed in April and eight in July. Those totals are records for any season. Also, four named storms formed in May, a record tied with the 1980 season.[1]

Tropical Storm Sarah (Auring)

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration January 8 – January 11
Peak intensity 95 km/h (60 mph) (1-min)  989 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Thelma (Bebeng)

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration March 15 – March 19
Peak intensity 85 km/h (50 mph) (1-min)  992 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Vera (Karing)

Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration April 6 – April 18
Peak intensity 165 km/h (105 mph) (1-min)  960 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Wanda (Diding)

Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration April 23 – May 4
Peak intensity 140 km/h (85 mph) (1-min)  980 hPa (mbar)

On April 23 Tropical Storm Wanda began its life to the east of the Philippines. It tracked over the archipelago, and emerged into the South China Sea on the 25th. It turned to the northwest, and became a typhoon on May 1 just off the coast of Vietnam. The westerlies brought Wanda to the north and northeast, where it weakened until dissipating on the 4th near Hainan Island.

The storm caused 56 deaths (with 14 missing) and $700,000 in damage (1971 USD) from the heavy flooding across the Philippines.[2] While Wanda brushed the coast of Vietnam, the United States Army grounded most aircraft in northern areas and skirmishes related to the Vietnam War temporarily decreased until the storm passed by.[3] In Quảng Ngãi Province, 23 people were killed.[4]

Super Typhoon Amy

Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration April 29 – May 7
Peak intensity 280 km/h (175 mph) (1-min)  890 hPa (mbar)

According to the JTWC best track, Amy was first noted as a tropical depression early on April 29. Amy reached tropical storm status shortly afterwards, and became a typhoon by early on May 1. The cyclone then rapidly intensified into a Category 5 super typhoon with 1-minute sustained winds of 280 km/h (175 mph) on May 2, with the JMA estimating a minimum central pressure of 890 mb (hPa; 26.28 inHg),[5] although the JTWC estimated a slightly higher pressure of 895 mbar (hPa; 26.43 inHg), while noting a compact eye 10 nautical miles across.[6] Although Amy weakened to a Category 4 super typhoon on May 3, it regained Category 5 intensity later that day, with 1-minute sustained winds of 260 km/h (160 mph) and a central pressure of 900 mb (hPa; 26.58 inHg). The storm began to weaken by May 4 and was last noted as producing tropical-storm force winds on May 7,[7] after which Amy was absorbed by a frontal system.[6] Amy was one of the strongest typhoons recorded in May.[8]

On Truk Atoll, now known as Chuuk Atoll, one person was killed after a coconut tree fell on him.[9] On May 18, the Federated States of Micronesia was declared a disaster area by the Federal Emergency Management Agency.[10] The weather station and over 2,250 homes were destroyed on Namonuito Atoll.[6]

Tropical Storm Babe (Etang)

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration May 3 – May 7
Peak intensity 100 km/h (65 mph) (1-min)  990 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Carla (Gening)

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration May 19 – May 22
Peak intensity 95 km/h (60 mph) (1-min)  995 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Dinah (Herming)

Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration May 25 – May 30
Peak intensity 165 km/h (105 mph) (1-min)  960 hPa (mbar)

Across the Philippines, 13 people were killed and another 14 were reported missing. Total damage in the country reached ₱4 million.[2]

Tropical Storm Emma (Ising)

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration May 28 – May 29
Peak intensity 65 km/h (40 mph) (1-min)  1000 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Freda (Luding)

Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration June 14 – June 18
Peak intensity 140 km/h (85 mph) (1-min)  980 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Gilda (Mameng)

Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration June 24 – June 28
Peak intensity 165 km/h (105 mph) (1-min)  975 hPa (mbar)

One person was killed and damage reached ₱8 million across the Philippines.[2]

Typhoon Harriet (Neneng)

Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration July 2 – July 7
Peak intensity 230 km/h (145 mph) (1-min)  925 hPa (mbar)

Across the Philippines, Harriet was responsible for one fatality.[11]

Striking near the demilitarized zone between North and South Vietnam as a powerful typhoon, Harriet caused significant disruptions to the Vietnam War. Military operations on both sides were temporarily halted, with all United States helicopters grounded. Ground movement was severely limited as well. Despite the intensity of the storm, damage was relatively light, with Camp Eagle reporting some roofs blown off from 120 km/h (75 mph) winds.[12] In Đà Nẵng, between 8 to 10 in (200 to 250 mm) of rain fell and strong winds knocked out power to the area.[13] A 24‑hour maximum rainfall of 10.16 in (258 mm) was measured in Camp Evans. Throughout Vietnam, four people were killed and fourteen others were reported missing. Thừa Thiên Province sustained the most significant damage, with 2,500 homes damaged or destroyed.[11]

Tropical Storm Ivy

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration July 5 – July 7
Peak intensity 110 km/h (70 mph) (1-min)  990 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Kim (Oniang)

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration July 9 – July 13
Peak intensity 95 km/h (60 mph) (1-min)  980 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Jean (Pepang)

Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration July 9 – July 18
Peak intensity 155 km/h (100 mph) (1-min)  975 hPa (mbar)

Super Typhoon Lucy (Rosing)

Category 4 super typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration July 16 – July 22
Peak intensity 240 km/h (150 mph) (1-min)  910 hPa (mbar)

The strongest typhoon to strike the Philippines that year, this cyclone moved towards the region from the Marianas as a slow pace. Gusty southwest winds impacted western portions of Visayas and Luzon, including Manila, as the cyclone passed by on the 21st. The highest winds recorded were 190 kilometres per hour (100 kn) at Basco in Batanes. Heavy rains caused by the strong onshore flow led to heavy rains, which peaked at 379.5 millimetres (14.94 in) at Baguio City within 24 hours. The heavy rains led to severe flooding and landslides in north-central sections of the Philippines.[14]

Typhoon Mary

Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration July 17 – July 20
Peak intensity 150 km/h (90 mph) (1-min)  975 hPa (mbar)

Super Typhoon Nadine (Sisang)

Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration July 20 – July 26
Peak intensity 280 km/h (175 mph) (1-min)  900 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Nadine, which formed on July 20, quickly strengthened to a peak of 175 mph (282 km/h) on the 24th. It weakened slightly as it continued its northwest movement, and struck eastern Taiwan on the 25th with winds of over 100 mph (200 km/h). Nadine dissipated the next day over China, after causing 28 deaths (with 25 missing) and heavy damage on Taiwan from the flooding. Nadine also caused the crash of a Pan American cargo aircraft, killing all four people in the crew.

Typhoon Olive

Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration July 29 – August 5
Peak intensity 155 km/h (100 mph) (1-min)  935 hPa (mbar)

85 mph (137 km/h) Typhoon Olive, which developed on July 29 from the near equatorial trough, hit southwestern Japan on August 4. It continued northward, and became extratropical in the Sea of Japan. Olive's heavy rains resulted in numerous mudslides, killing 69 people. It disrupted the Boy Scout XIII World Jamboree, being held in Japan.

Tropical Storm Polly (Trining)

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration August 4 – August 10
Peak intensity 75 km/h (45 mph) (1-min)  980 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Rose (Uring)

Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration August 10 – August 17
Peak intensity 220 km/h (140 mph) (1-min)  960 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Typhoon Rose (1971)

A small circulation near Chuuk organized into Tropical Storm Rose on August 10. An extremely small cyclone with a wind field of 150 nautical miles (280 km) across, Rose quickly strengthened, and became a typhoon later that day. It briefly weakened to a tropical storm on the 11th, but restrengthened to a typhoon as it continued westward. On August 13, Typhoon Rose made landfall on northeastern Luzon with winds of 130 mph (210 km/h). It weakened to a minimal typhoon over the mountainous terrain, but in the South China Sea, Rose rapidly intensified, and peaked at 140 mph (230 km/h) winds on the 16th. As it approached the coast of Hong Kong, the inflow became disrupted, but Rose still hit as a 100 mph (200 km/h) typhoon on the 16th. The typhoon dissipated the next day, after causing 130 deaths in Hong Kong and leaving 5,600 people homeless. A Macao ferry was capsized, resulting in the loss of its 88-person crew.

Typhoon Shirley

Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration August 12 – August 17
Peak intensity 165 km/h (105 mph) (1-min)  955 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Trix

Category 3 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration August 20 – August 30
Peak intensity 185 km/h (115 mph) (1-min)  915 hPa (mbar)

An upper level low contributed to the birth of Tropical Storm Trix on August 20. After drifting northward, the storm turned to the west in response to the building of the subtropical ridge. Trix slowly strengthened after becoming a typhoon on the 21st, and reached a peak of 115 mph (185 km/h) winds on the 28th. Trix recurved, and struck southwestern Japan on the 29th as a 95 mph (153 km/h) typhoon. It accelerated to the northeast, and became extratropical on the 30th. Just weeks after Typhoon Olive, Trix dropped more heavy rain to the country, in one case as much as 43 inches (1,100 mm) of rain. Trix caused 44 deaths, with heavy crop damage amounting to $50.6 million.

Tropical Depression 25W

Severe tropical storm (CMA)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Duration August 24 – August 25
Peak intensity 95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min)  992 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Virginia

Category 3 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration September 2 – September 7
Peak intensity 185 km/h (115 mph) (1-min)  955 hPa (mbar)

Within one month of Typhoons Trix and Olive, Typhoon Virginia came up the Japanese coast with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h). It became extratropical on September 7 just east of Japan, after dropping more heavy rain causing 56 casualties from numerous landslides.

Super Typhoon Wendy

Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration September 4 – September 12
Peak intensity 260 km/h (160 mph) (1-min)  915 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 28W

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Duration September 13 – September 14
Peak intensity 45 km/h (30 mph) (1-min)  999 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Agnes (Warling)

Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration September 15 – September 19
Peak intensity 140 km/h (85 mph) (1-min)  975 hPa (mbar)

Super Typhoon Bess (Yayang)

Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration September 17 – September 23
Peak intensity 260 km/h (160 mph) (1-min)  905 hPa (mbar)

Super Typhoon Bess, having peaked at 160 mph (260 km/h) on July 5, tracked west-northwestward. The typhoon weakened as it continued its movement, and struck eastern Taiwan on the 22nd as a 130 mph (210 km/h) typhoon. It rapidly weakened over the country, and dissipated on the 10th over China. The typhoon caused heavy flooding, resulting in 32 deaths and moderate crop damage.

Tropical Storm Carmen

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration September 24 – September 26
Peak intensity 95 km/h (60 mph) (1-min)  990 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Della (Ading)

Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration September 27 – September 30
Peak intensity 130 km/h (80 mph) (1-min)  980 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Elaine (Barang)

Category 3 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration October 1 – October 9
Peak intensity 185 km/h (115 mph) (1-min)  963 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Faye-Gloria (Krising-Dadang)

Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration October 4 – October 13
Peak intensity 120 km/h (75 mph) (1-min)  985 hPa (mbar)

A tropical disturbance east of the Marianas Islands developed into Tropical Storm Faye on October 4. After peaking at 75 mph (121 km/h) on the 5th, Faye became very disorganized, and weakened to a tropical depression on the 7th. At this time, there were several circulations, so it is possible that Faye was absorbed by another disturbance to its south. Regardless, the storm re-organized as it approached the Philippines. Faye crossed the islands on the 10th as a minimal tropical storm, and again became a typhoon in the South China Sea on the 11th. Steering currents became weak, and a northwest flow forced Faye southeastward back into the Philippines. Faye crossed the islands on the 12th, and dissipated on the 13th, after causing torrential rainfall killing 13 people with 80 missing.[2]

Typhoon Hester (Goying)

Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration October 18 – October 24
Peak intensity 165 km/h (105 mph) (1-min)  967 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Typhoon Hester (1971)

Developing as a tropical depression on October 18 near Palau Island, Hester gradually intensified as it moved westward towards the Philippines.[15][16] Across the Philippines, Hester was responsible for six deaths and ₱5 million in damage.[2] After passing over Mindanao and the Visayas as a tropical storm between October 20 and 21, the storm intensified into a typhoon before striking Palawan. Once over the South China Sea, Hester further strengthened and ultimately attained peak winds of 165 km/h (105 mph). On October 23, the storm made landfall near Huế, South Vietnam. Once onshore, Hester rapidly weakened and dissipated on October 24 over Laos.[15][16]

The most significant impact from Typhoon Hester was felt in South Vietnam were winds in excess of 155 km/h (100 mph) caused extensive damage to several United States Army bases. The hardest hit base was in Chu Lai where three Americans were killed. At least 75 percent of the structures in the base sustained damage and 123 aircraft were damaged or destroyed.[15] Newspaper reports indicated that 100 Vietnamese lost their lives due to the storm, including 33 following a plane crash near Quy Nhơn.[17][18] In the wake of the storm, the South Vietnamese government provided the hardest hit areas with relief funds and supplies.[18]

Tropical Depression Hobing

Tropical depression (PAGASA)
Counterclockwise vortex
Duration November 4 – November 5
Peak intensity 55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min)  1001 hPa (mbar)

Super Typhoon Irma (Ining)

Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration November 8 – November 15
Peak intensity 285 km/h (180 mph) (1-min)  884 hPa (mbar)

The strongest typhoon of the season, Irma, reached a peak intensity of 180 mph (290 km/h) on November 11. It remained at sea, affecting only shipping and causing minor damage to the islands of the West Pacific. At the time, the typhoon held the record for the fastest intensification in a 24‑hour period, deepening from 980 mbar to 885 mbar.[19]

Tropical Storm Judy

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration November 15 – November 16
Peak intensity 85 km/h (50 mph) (1-min)  1000 hPa (mbar)

Other storms

In addition to the storms listed above, the China Meteorological Agency also monitored several other tropical cyclones, including one tropical storm and two severe tropical storms.

Furthermore, there were two other systems listed within the International Best Tracks Database: one tropical depression and one tropical storm.

Season effects

This is a table of all of the storms that have formed in the 1971 Pacific typhoon season. It includes their duration, names, affected areas, damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 1971 USD. Names listed in parentheses were assigned by PAGASA.

Name Dates active Peak classification Sustained
wind speeds		 Pressure Land areas affected Damage
(USD)		 Deaths Refs
Sarah (Auring) January 8 – 11 Tropical storm 95 (60) 989 None None 0
Thelma (Bebeng) March 15 – 19 Tropical storm 85 (50) 992 None None 0
Tropical Depression April 3 – 7 Tropical depression 55 (35) 1008 None None 0
Vera (Karing) April 6 – 18 Category 2 typhoon 165 (105) 960 None None 0
Wanda (Diding) April 23 – May 4 Category 1 typhoon 140 (85) 980 Philippines, Vietnam, Southern China, Hong Kong >0.7 79
Amy (Etang) April 29 – May 7 Category 5 super typhoon 280 (175) 890 Federated States of Micronesia, Mariana Islands 6.4 1
Babe May 3 – 7 Tropical storm 100 (65) 987 Philippines None 0
Tropical Depression May 16 – 19 Tropical depression 55 (35) 1005 None None 0
Carla (Gening) May 19 – 22 Tropical storm 95 (60) 989 None None 0
Dinah (Herming) May 25 – 30 Category 2 typhoon 95 (60) 989 Philippines, Southern China Unknown 13
Emma (Ising) May 28 – 29 Tropical storm 65 (40) 1000 Philippines None 0
Tropical Depression June 11 – 12 Tropical depression 55 (30) Unk. None None 0
Tropical Depression June 13 – 17 Tropical depression 55 (35) 996 None None 0
Freda (Luding) June 14 – 18 Category 1 typhoon 120 (75) 978 Philippines, Taiwan, Southeastern China, Hong Kong Unknown 7
Gilda (Mameng) June 24 – 28 Category 2 typhoon 165 (105) 975 Philippines, Southern China Unknown 1
Harriet (Neneng) July 2 – 7 Category 4 typhoon 230 (145) 929 Philippines, Vietnam Unknown 5
Ivy July 5 – 7 Tropical storm 110 (70) 978 Japan Unknown 1
Kim (Oniang) July 9 – 13 Tropical storm 95 (60) 984 Philippines, Southern China, Vietnam Unknown 0
Jean (Pepang) July 9 – 18 Category 2 typhoon 155 (100) 968 Philippines, Southern China, Vietnam, Laos Unknown 0
Lucy (Rosing) July 16 – 22 Category 4 super typhoon 240 (150) 915 Philippines, Taiwan, China, Hong Kong Unknown 2
Mary July 17 – 20 Category 1 typhoon 150 (90) 973 None None 0
Nadine (Sisang) July 20 – 26 Category 5 super typhoon 280 (175) 898 Mariana Islands, Philippines, Taiwan, China Unknown 32
Tropical Storm July 20 – 21 Tropical storm 75 (45) 990 Taiwan None 0
Olive July 29 – August 5 Category 2 typhoon 155 (100) 935 Japan Unknown 69
Polly (Trining) August 4 – 10 Tropical storm 75 (45) 985 China Unknown 0
Tropical Depression August 8 – 10 Tropical depression 45 (30) 995 None None 0
Rose (Uring) August 10 – 17 Category 4 typhoon 220 (140) 950 Philippines, China, Hong Kong Unknown 130
Shirley August 12 – 17 Category 2 typhoon 165 (105) 955 None None 0
Trix August 12 – 17 Category 3 typhoon 185 (115) 915 Japan 50.6 45
25W August 24 – 25 Tropical depression 55 (35) 996 None None 0
Tropical Depression August 28 – September 1 Tropical depression 55 (35) 1002 None None 0
Virginia September 2 – 7 Category 3 typhoon 185 (115) 955 Japan Unknown 56
Wendy September 4 – 12 Category 5 super typhoon 260 (160) 915 Wake Island None 0
Unnamed September 12 – 14 Tropical storm 65 (40) Unk. None None 0
28W September 13 – 14 Tropical depression 45 (30) 998 None None 0
Tropical Depression September 13 – 17 Tropical depression 55 (35) 996 None None 0
Agnes (Warling) September 15 – 19 Category 1 typhoon 140 (85) 975 Taiwan, China Unknown 1
Bess (Yayang) September 17 – 23 Category 5 super typhoon 260 (160) 906 Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, China Unknown 32
Carmen September 24 – 26 Tropical storm 95 (60) 1000 Japan Unknown 20
Tropical Depression September 25 – 30 Tropical depression 55 (35) 1001 None None 0
Della (Ading) September 27 – 30 Category 1 typhoon 130 (80) 981 Philippines, Southern China, Vietnam, Laos Unknown 0
Elaine (Barang) October 1 – 9 Category 3 typhoon 185 (115) 963 Philippines, Southern China, Vietnam Unknown 29
Faye-Gloria
(Dadang-Krising) 		October 4 – 13 Category 1 typhoon 120 (75) 984 Philippines Unknown 13
Tropical Storm October 5 – 7 Severe tropical storm 95 (60) 1002 None None 0
Tropical Storm October 10 – 17 Severe tropical storm 110 (70) 988 None None 0
Hester (Goying) October 18 – 24 Category 2 typhoon 165 (105) 967 Philippines, North Vietnam, South Vietnam, Laos >3.6 119
Hobing November 4 – 5 Tropical depression Unk. Unk. None None 0
Tropical Depression November 4 – 8 Tropical depression 55 (35) 1002 None None 0
Tropical Depression November 5 – 8 Tropical depression 45 (30) 1006 None None 0
Irma (Ining) November 8 – 15 Category 5 super typhoon 285 (180) 884 Federated States of Micronesia, Ryukyu Islands Unknown 0
Judy November 15 – 16 Tropical storm 85 (50) 1004 None None 0
Tropical Depression November 20 – 24 Tropical depression 55 (35) 1006 None None 0
Tropical Depression November 27 – 30 Tropical depression 55 (35) 1002 None None 0
Tropical Depression December 27 – 30 Tropical depression 45 (30) 1005 None None 0
Season Aggregates
55 cyclones January 8 – December 30   285 (180) 884 61.3 642

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Climatology of Tropical Cyclones". Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 2008-03-07.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Destructive Typhoons 1970-2003". National Disaster Coordinating Council. November 9, 2004. Archived from the original on November 9, 2004. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
  3. ↑ "Typhoon rains quench fires of war". Boston Globe. May 3, 1971. p. 8. Retrieved April 5, 2013.
  4. ↑ "Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: Typhoon Wanda" (PDF). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. 1972. pp. 100–106. Retrieved April 3, 2013.
  5. ↑ "Digital Typhoon: Typhoon 197105 (AMY) - Detailed Track Information". Japan Meteorological Agency. June 6, 1981. Retrieved January 11, 2016.
  6. 1 2 3 "Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: Typhoon Amy" (PDF). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. 1972. pp. 107–116. Retrieved January 11, 2016.
  7. ↑ "Best Track Data for Typhoon Amy (05W)". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. January 19, 2012. Retrieved January 11, 2016.
  8. ↑ Henderson, Bob (May 10, 2015). "Tropical Storms, Tornadoes, a Cat 5 Typhoon, and a Blizzard, Oh My!". Weather Underground. Retrieved January 11, 2016.
  9. ↑ United Press International (May 5, 1971). "Pacific Storm Raging". The Times-News (Agana, Guam). p. 6. Retrieved April 9, 2013.
  10. ↑ "Federated States of Micronesia Typhoon Amy (DR-307)". Federal Emergency Management Agency. United States Government. May 18, 1971. Retrieved April 9, 2013.
  11. 1 2 "Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: Typhoon Harriet" (PDF). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. 1972. pp. 131–136. Retrieved April 10, 2013.
  12. ↑ Associated Press (July 7, 1971). "Typhoon Harriet Stalls Viet Battles". The Spokesman-Review (Saigon, Vietnam). p. 2. Retrieved April 10, 2013.
  13. ↑ Associated Press (July 6, 1971). "Typhoon Curtails U.S. Operations". The Fort Scott Tribune (Saigon, Vietnam). p. 1. Retrieved April 10, 2013.
  14. ↑ Roman L. Kintinar (1972). Tropical Cyclones For 1971. Philippine Weather Bureau. pp. 36–37.
  15. 1 2 3 "Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: Typhoon Hester" (PDF). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. 1972. pp. 237–240. Retrieved April 8, 2013.
  16. 1 2 "1971 Hester (1971291N11134)". International Best Track Archive. 2013. Retrieved April 8, 2013.
  17. ↑ Times Wire Service (October 27, 1971). "Enemy Attacks Flare Near Saigon". St. Petersburg Times. p. 3A.
  18. 1 2 Associated Press (October 25, 1971). "Viet Storm Aid Rushed: Toll Up to 103". Spokane Daily Chronicle (Saigon, Vietnam). p. 29. Retrieved April 8, 2013.
  19. ↑ Charles R. Holliday (1971). "Weather Note: Record 12 and 24-Hour Deepening Rates in a Tropical Cyclone" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-04-28.
  20. ↑ "1971 Missing (1971093N28158)". International Best Track Archive. 2013. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
  21. ↑ "1971 Missing (1971136N10137)". International Best Track Archive. 2013. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
  22. ↑ "1971 Missing (1971164N12115)". International Best Track Archive. 2013. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
  23. ↑ "1971 Lucy-1 (1971201N24120)". International Best Track Archive. 2013. Retrieved April 5, 2013.
  24. ↑ "1971 Missing (1971220N21126)". International Best Track Archive. 2013. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
  25. ↑ "1971 Missing (1971240N11113)". International Best Track Archive. 2013. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
  26. ↑ "1971 Missing (1971255N17158)". International Best Track Archive. 2013. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
  27. ↑ "1971 Missing (1971257N25162)". International Best Track Archive. 2013. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
  28. ↑ "1971 Missing (1971269N17116)". International Best Track Archive. 2013. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
  29. ↑ "1971 Missing (1971278N18134)". International Best Track Archive. 2013. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
  30. ↑ "1971 Missing (1971280N09141)". International Best Track Archive. 2013. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
  31. ↑ "1971 Missing (1971308N09163)". International Best Track Archive. 2013. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
  32. ↑ "1971 Missing (1971309N23172)". International Best Track Archive. 2013. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
  33. ↑ "1971 Missing (1971324N06112)". International Best Track Archive. 2013. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
  34. ↑ "1971 Missing (1971331N11114)". International Best Track Archive. 2013. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
  35. ↑ "1971 Missing (1971362N10130)". International Best Track Archive. 2013. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
  36. ↑ "1971 Missing (1971163N10132)". International Best Track Archive. 2013. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
  37. ↑ "1971 Missing (1971255N20130)". International Best Track Archive. 2013. Retrieved April 7, 2013.

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