Tun Mutahir of Pahang

Tun Muhammad Tahir, better known as Tun Mutahir was Bendahara Seri Maharaja, Raja Bendahara Pahang V, the last Bendahara of the Old Johor Sultanate and the last Raja Bendahara of Pahang. He ruled the vassal state of Pahang until his death in 1863 in the Pahang Civil War.

Early life

He was born in 1803. His father was Tun Ali, Bendahara Siwa Raja, and his mother was Che Wan Ngah of the Bendahara family.[1] He was privately educated as was the custom of the nobility then. In 1832, he was proclaimed as Bendahara Muda (Bendahara in waiting) in a ceremony in Lingga, then capital of the Johore empire. He had three wives: Tengku Kechik, daughter of Sultan Abdul Rahman of Johore; Tengku Chik, daughter of Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin II of Kedah; and Tengku Chik, daughter of Sultan Muhammad of Johore.[2]

Bendaharaship and civil war

Tun Ali entered into a semi-retirement in 1847 and handed the reins to Tun Mutahir. Tun Mutahir followed the policy of Tun Ali and not much is written about his reign. In 1857 Tun Ali ordered the execution of Tun Ahmad,[3] his son by another wife, Chik Puan Lingga, whom he married in 1832.[4]

Tun Ahmad immediately fled to Singapore,[5] and returned to Pahang when Tun Ali died. Conflict broke out between Ahmad and Mutahir, which became a civil war that engulfed Pahang. This conflict not only involved the Pahang princes but also Temenggung, the Terengganu Sultan of Johore; the British also played a political role.[6] The war was the most decisive in the history of the Old Johore Sultanate. The conflict ended when Tun Mutahir was mortally wounded in 1863.

Aftermath of civil war

Tun Mutahir was buried in Bukit Timbalan, Johor Bahru, Johor. Tun Ahmad had no interest of continuing as the Bendahara of Johor. He was proclaimed as Sultan Ahmad I in 1882 and founded the modern Pahang Sultanate, which sealed the breakup of the Johor Sultanate. The Temenggung of Johor (Maharaja 1868–1885) was given recognition by the British and proclaimed the Sultan of Johor three years later.

Notes

  1. ↑ (Tun) Suzana (Tun) Othman, Institusi Bendahara: Permata Melayu yang Hilang: Dinasti Bendahara Johor-Pahang, pg 69
  2. ↑ (Tun) Suzana (Tun) Othman, Institusi Bendahara: Permata Melayu yang Hilang: Dinasti Bendahara Johor-Pahang, pg 75
  3. ↑ Surat sumpah Bendahara Siwa Raja Tun Ali, National Archives Malaysia dated 2 Safar 1273
  4. ↑ (Tun) Suzana (Tun) Othman, Institusi Bendahara: Permata Melayu yang Hilang: Dinasti Bendahara Johor-Pahang, pg 69, 95
  5. ↑ Temenggung of Johor personal correspondence, National Archives Malaysia
  6. ↑ (Tun) Suzana (Tun) Othman, Institusi Bendahara: Permata Melayu yang Hilang: Dinasti Bendahara Johor-Pahang, pg 105-6

References

  • (Tun) Suzana (Tun) Othman, Institusi Bendahara: Permata Melayu yang Hilang: Dinasti Bendahara Johor-Pahang, Pustaka BSM Enterprise, 2002, ISBN 983-40566-6-4
  • (Tun) Suzana (Tun) Othman, Mencari Sejarah: Tun Mutahir Tun Ali, Bendahara Seri Maharaja Pahang, 1857-63, 2001, ISBN 983-40566-3-X
  • (Tun) Suzana (Tun) Othman, Perang Bendahara Pahang, 1857-63: pensejarahan semula menelusi peranan British, 2007, ISBN 978-983-195-282-5
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