Tufuga Efi

His Highness Tufuga Efi
O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa
Incumbent
Assumed office 11 May 2007 Acting: 11 May 2007 – 20 June 2007
Prime Minister	Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi
Preceded by	Malietoa Tanumafili II
Prime Minister of Samoa
In office 18 September 1982 – 31 December 1982
Monarch	Malietoa Tanumafili II
Preceded by	Va'ai Kolone
Succeeded by	Tofilau Eti Alesana
In office 24 March 1976 – 13 April 1982
Monarch	Malietoa Tanumafili II
Preceded by	Tupua Tamasese Lealofi IV (Acting)
Succeeded by	Va'ai Kolone
Personal details
Born	1 March 1938 Motootua, Samoa
Political party	Samoan National Development Party (1985–1988) Christian Democratic Party (1988–2003)
Spouse(s)	Masiofo Filifilia Imo
Alma mater	Victoria University of Wellington

Tupua Tamasese Tupuola Tufuga Efi, also known as Tuiatua Tupua Tamasese Efi,^[1][2] and formerly known as Tupuola Efi, (born 1 March 1938) is a Samoan political figure who became Samoa's head of state in 2007. Previously he was Prime Minister of Samoa from 1976 to 1982 and again later in 1982.

On 16 June 2007 he was elected as O le Ao o le Malo, Samoa's head of state, for a five-year term.^[3] He was sworn in as O le Ao o le Malo at Samoa's Parliament (Fono) on 20 June 2007.^[1]

He is a member of one of the paramount Families of State (Aiga Tupu) where he holds the Tupua title of the SaTupua 'royal' family. He also holds the Tama-a-Aiga Tamasese title and the title of "Tui Atua".

Tupua first entered parliament and became Prime Minister under the title Tupuola.

Early and personal life

Tupua was born on 1 March 1938 at Moto'otua in Samoa.^[1] He is the son of Tupua Tamasese Mea'ole and Noue Irene Gustava Ta'isi Nelson.^[1]

Tupua attended primary school at the Marist Brothers School at Mulivai in the Samoan capital of Apia. He continued his education at St. Patrick's College in Silverstream, Wellington, New Zealand.^[1] He was also educated at Victoria University of Wellington,^[1] in New Zealand's capital city.

Tupua is married to Masiofo Filifilia Imo,^[1] who is also known as Masiofo Filifilia Tamasese.^[1]

Prime Minister of Samoa

Tupua began his political career in 1966 when he became an MP in Samoa's Fono, or Parliament.^[1] He represented the Anoama'a East constituency^[1] as MP as a member of the Christian Democratic Party. He served as Samoa's Minister of Works from 1970 until 1972.^[1]

Tupua served as Prime Minister for two consecutive terms from 1976 to 1982.^[1] He also served as Deputy Prime Minister from 1985 to 1988.^[2] It was during his second term as Prime Minister that the Public Service Association went on a general strike in 1981, paralysing the country for several months and paving the way for the opposition Human Rights Protection Party's entry to government in 1982; the party was in power as of 2013.

Tupua became Leader of the Opposition following his Christian Democratic Party's election defeat in 1982.^[1] He also headed the Samoan National Development Party. He continued to serve Anoama'a East as MP until 2004^[1] when he became one of the two members of Samoa's Council of Deputies along with Tuimaleali'ifano Va'aletoa Sualauvi II.^[2] Both Efi and Va'aletoa served as temporary acting heads of state (O le Ao o le Malo) following the death of Malietoa Tanumafili II in May 2007.^[2]

O le Ao o le Malo (Head of state)

On 11 May 2007, following the death of Malietoa Tanumafili II, Samoa's head of state since independence in 1962, Tupua became one of the two acting heads of state as a member of the Council of Deputies.^[2] Tupua was elected Head of state on 16 June 2007. His was the only nomination put forth in Samoa's Fono (parliament) and thus the decision was unanimous. His election was welcomed by many Samoans in New Zealand.^[4] He was sworn into office on 20 June 2007.^[5]

He was re-elected unopposed in July 2012.^[6]

Academia

Tupua held a number of academic positions during and after his political career as an MP and Prime Minister.

Tupua served as an adjunct professor for Te Whare Wananga o Awanuiarangi in New Zealand.^[1] He later became an Associate Member of the Matahauariki Institute at Waikato University.^[1] He was a PhD examiner at Australian National University in Canberra for Pacific and Samoan history.^[1]

Tupua was a resident scholar of the Pacific Studies Centre of the Australian National University and the Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies at University of Canterbury in New Zealand.^[1]

Tupua helped to begin excavations at Samoa's important Pulemelei Mound archaeological site. Samoans, under Tupua Tamasese, carried out a ceremony to honour Thor Heyerdahl for his contributions to Polynesia and the Pulemelei Mound excavations in 2003.^[7]

In late 2007 Tupua established an overseas boarding school scholarship to St. Patrick's College, Silverstream, which allows one student per year to live and be schooled in New Zealand for all their college years, beginning in 2008.

Publications

Tupua wrote three books, and articles in scholarly journals and publications.^[1]

Family tree

See also

• Fa'amatai, chiefly system of Samoa.
• Legislative Assembly of Samoa

References

1. Jackson, Cherelle (20 June 2007). "Two men make history in Samoa". New Zealand Herald (The New Zealand Herald). Retrieved 26 June 2007.
2. Sagapolutele, Fili (18 June 2007). "Samoa Head of State Announced". Pacific Magazine (Pacific Magazine). Retrieved 26 June 2007.
3. New Zealand Herald (16 June 2007). "New head of state for Samoa". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 16 June 2007.
4. Niu FM. "Samoans in NZ welcome Tupua Tamasese as new head of state". Archived from the original on 28 June 2007. Retrieved 20 June 2007.
5. Radio New Zealand. "Samoa swears in new head of state". Retrieved 20 June 2007.
6. Samoa’s parliament reappoints Tui Atua as head of state Radio New Zealand, 19 July 2012
7. http://web.archive.org/web/20070909071929/http://www.kon-tiki.no:80/Events/indexeng.html. Archived from the original on 9 September 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2007. Missing or empty |title= (help)