Tuvaluan dollar

Tuvaluan dollar
ISO 4217 code TVD
Central bank Reserve Bank of Australia
 Website www.rba.gov.au
User(s)  Tuvalu (alongside Australian dollar)
Inflation 3.9%
 Source The World Factbook, 2005 est.
Pegged with Australian dollar at par
Symbol $ ($T, TV$)
 cent ¢
Coins ¢5, ¢10, ¢20, ¢50 , $1
Banknotes Australian notes circulate
Mint Royal Australian Mint
 Website www.ramint.gov.au

The dollar is the currency of Tuvalu. From 1966 to 1976, Tuvalu officially used the Australian dollar. In 1976, Tuvalu began issuing its own coins for circulation, although these circulate alongside Australian coins and Tuvalu continues to use Australian banknotes. Similar to the Faroese króna's relationship to the Danish krone, the Tuvaluan dollar is not an independent currency, but a variation of the Australian Dollar.

There is no central monetary institution or central bank in Tuvalu. The National Bank of Tuvalu performs some monetary functions for the government of Tuvalu including the holding of government accounts and foreign assets.[1]

Other currencies used in Tuvalu have been the Pound Sterling, prior to the introduction of the Australian dollar, as well as the US dollar, during the World War II American occupation of the islands. Gilbert and Ellice Islands banknotes have also been used on in Tuvalu, These notes were cashier's cheques backed in Pounds rather than an official, independent currency. The Yen backed Oceania pound was used in parts of the Gilberts (now Kiribati), but Japanese influence never actually reached the Ellice Chain (now Tuvalu).

Coins

Reverse of the 10, 20, 50 cents and $1 coins of Tuvalu

In 1976, corresponding with its slated independence, Tuvalu's first coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 cents and 1 dollar. The set, designed by John Donald features an aquatic theme. The bronze 1 and 2 cents and the cupro-nickel 5, 10 and 20 cents were the same size, weight, and composition as the corresponding Australian coins they were set to constitute. However, the cupro-nickel 50 cent piece was distinct from the dodecagonal (twelve sided) Australian 50 cent coin in that it was round with plain edges. The nonogonal (nine sided) cupro-nickel 1 dollar piece was unique not only by its odd shape, but it also predated the Australian 1 dollar coin by eight years. It was also issued long before the trend toward larger denomination coins became much more widespread in many countries. The nine sides on the dollar are meant to represent each of the nine islands and atolls composing the Tuvalu chain. Each of the coins depicts a sea animal that is native to the area, with the only exception to that being the 1 cent, which depicts an empty spider conch shell washed up on the shore.

The 1976 series also included the introduction of Tuvalu's first silver and gold proof bullion coins. A silver 5 dollar piece and a gold 50 dollar piece. They are considered an official release and legal tender within Tuvalu.

Although Australia withdrew their 1 and 2 cent coins from circulation in 1991 there was still demand for the two lower denominations in Tuvalu so these continued to be retained well after Australia discontinued use. However, as prices and shipping costs have progressively risen the 1 and 2 cent coins have since been withdrawn from circulation.

Australia introduced a 2 dollar coin to replace the note in 1988, but Tuvaluan 2 dollar coins have never been introduced. Instead the Australian piece circulates in place. In recent years, Tuvaluans have also taken a preference to Australia's smaller, round, brass dollar over their own large, clumsy nonogonal ones, and are thus seen a little less often.

In 1994, the Queen's profile was changed in tandem with many other Commonwealth states to the more recent Raphael Maklouf design. Older coins dated 1976-1985 feature the Arnold Machin design. After the 1994 issue, Tuvaluan coins ceased to be produced and Australian coins sent in their stead. However, Tuvalu coins remain as legal tender and continue to circulate alongside Australian ones.

Tuvalu also issues a fair number of non-circulating bullion type coins and colorized commemoratives, which earns the country a small portion of its limited income. Queen Elizabeth II is depicted on all coins issued by Tuvalu; though there were calls from some politicians to abolish Tuvalu's monarchy and remove the sovereign's image from all future coins, a majority vote decided otherwise.

The reverse of each coin depicts as follows:

Value Diameter Composition 1976–1994
Obverse Reverse
1 cent 18 mm Bronze Queen Spider conch shell
2 cents 21 mm Queen Stingray
5 cents 19 mm Cupronickel Queen Tiger Shark
10 cents 24 mm Queen Red eyed crab
20 cents 29 mm Queen Flying Fish
50 cents 32 mm Queen Octopus
1 dollar 30-35 mm Queen Sea Turtle

Banknotes

In 1942, Local banknotes were issued by the colonial government of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands in denominations of 1, 2, 5, and 10 shillings and 1 Pound with equivalent value to the Australian Pound.

Since 1966, the official currency of Tuvalu is the Australian dollar, with Australian banknotes having been in use prior to and after independence. 1, 2, 5, and 10 dollar notes were originally the only denominations sent, but higher denominations have since come into use. However, after independence was achieved, the $1 note was withdrawn from circulation to encourage use of the dollar coin.

See also

Notes

References

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