Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party
Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party (Mongolian: ᠲᠠᠩᠨᠦ ᠲᠤᠧᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ = Tangnu Tuva-yin arad-un qubisγal-tu nam) was a political party in Tuva, founded in 1921. When the Tuvan People's Republic was founded in the same year, the party held single-party control over its government as a vanguard party.
History
Under Soviet sponsorship, a conference of Tuvinian revolutionaries convened on October 29, 1921, and an organization bureau was formed. The first Congress met on February 28, 1922, when the Tuvinian "People's Government" was established. However, as soon as the Second Congress convened on July 6, 1923, the former party was dissolved because of Soviet dissatisfaction, and a new one was organized. The Fourth Congress met in October, 1925; the Seventh Congress, in 1928. The Central Committee was authorized to establish party cells and branches of the league of revolutionary youth throughout the country.[1]
During the Second Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the party in 1929 the right-wing leadership, which had intended to retain Lamaism as a state religion in the old sense, in contradiction to the proclaimed constitution, was completely destroyed. Under the watchword of "antifeudal revolution," the Eighth Congress paved the way for socialist reconstruction and collectivization. When, in April–May, 1930, the so-called "counterrevolution of the Tuvinian nobles and the Russian kulak-colonists" broke out with the intent "to overthrow the 'Revolutionary Government,'" it was also put down by force. Resolutions were adopted in the Central Committee of the People's Revolutionary Party to confiscate the property of the exploiter class, to conduct agricultural collectivization "on an unconditionally voluntary basis," "to struggle for complete independence from the imperialist countries and to co-operate closely with the oppressed peoples and the working class of the whole world."[2]
A prominent figure in its initial stage was Donduk Kuular. In 1929-1932 a political shifted occurred, beginning with the 1929 Tuvan coup d'état, as nationalist elements of the party, including Kuular, were purged. The leadership of the party was taken over by Salchak Toka.
The party was admitted to the Comintern as a "sympathizing party" at its Seventh Congress in 1935.[3]
References
- ↑ Peter S. H. Tang. Russian and Soviet Policy in Manchuria and Outer Mongolia, 1911-1931. London: Duke University Press., 1959. p. 422.
- ↑ Malaia Sovetskaia Entsiklopediia (1st ed.), Vol. VIII, col. 989. Cited in Tang, p. 422.
- ↑ Jane Degras. Communist International: Documents, 1919-1943. digital print ed. London: Frank Cass and Company Ltd., 2005. p. 346.