1988 Pacific typhoon season

1988 Pacific typhoon season
Season summary map
First system formed January 5, 1988
Last system dissipated December 25, 1988
Strongest storm1 Nelson – 915 hPa (mbar), 185 km/h (115 mph) (10-minute sustained)
Total depressions 28
Total storms 27
Typhoons 11
Super typhoons 1
Total fatalities >542
Total damage > $1.3 billion (1988 USD)
1Strongest storm is determined by lowest pressure
Pacific typhoon seasons
1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990

The 1988 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1988, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November.[1] These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.

A total of 26 tropical cyclones formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which all became tropical storms. Of the 26, 10 storms reached typhoon intensity, of which 1 reached supertyphoon strength. Nine tropical cyclones moved through the Philippines this season, making this season the most active for the archipelago so far this decade.

Storms

A total of 26 tropical cyclones formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which all became tropical storms. Of the 26, 10 storms reached typhoon intensity, of which 1 reached supertyphoon strength. Nine tropical cyclones moved through the Philippines this season.

Typhoon Roy (Asiang)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration January 7 – January 19
Peak intensity 155 km/h (100 mph) (10-min)  940 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Typhoon Roy

Typhoon Roy, which crossed the open Western Pacific as a Category 4 hurricane in January, caused moderate to extensive damage across the Federated States of Micronesia and the Philippines, causing $23.5 million (1988 USD) but only one death.

Typhoon Susan (Biring)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration May 28 – June 3
Peak intensity 120 km/h (75 mph) (10-min)  970 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Susan formed at the end of May just to the north of Luzon Island in the Philippines. As a depression Susan dropped heavy rains in and around the Manila area the resulting landslides killed 6 people. As Susan moved away from the Philippines the storm strengthened into a typhoon shortly before cross in the southern tip of Taiwan and turning extratropical just after passing Okinawa.[2]

Tropical Depression 03W (Konsing)

Tropical storm (PAGASA)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Duration June 3 – June 6
Peak intensity 65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min)  1000 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Thad (Ditang)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration June 17 – June 25
Peak intensity 130 km/h (80 mph) (10-min)  970 hPa (mbar)

Severe Tropical Storm Vanessa (Edeng)

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration June 25 – June 29
Peak intensity 100 km/h (65 mph) (10-min)  990 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Warren (Huaning)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration July 11 – July 20
Peak intensity 165 km/h (105 mph) (10-min)  940 hPa (mbar)

A tropical depression formed to the east of Guam shortly before passing north of the island. Shortly after passing the island the storm strengthened into Tropical Storm Warren. Warren kept gathering strength and reached peak intensity of 135 mph while 300 miles east of Luzon Island. Typhoon Warren moved westward and brushed the extreme northern tip of Luzon Island in the Philippines causing $10 million in damage. Warren then made landfall near Shantou, China, 13,000 homes were destroyed and 17 people were killed in Guangdong Province.[2]

Severe Tropical Storm Agnes

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration July 27 – August 1
Peak intensity 95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min)  975 hPa (mbar)

Unnamed Tropical Storm

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Duration July 30 – August 3
Peak intensity 65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min)  998 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Bill (Isang)

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration August 4 – August 9
Peak intensity 85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min)  985 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Bill, which formed on August 5 east of Taiwan, moved northwest to hit eastern China as a 45 mph tropical storm. Torrential rains and heavy flooding resulted in 110 casualties and widespread damage to roads and dams.[3]

Tropical Storm Clara

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration August 7 – August 12
Peak intensity 75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min)  995 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Doyle

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration August 13 – August 21
Peak intensity 165 km/h (105 mph) (10-min)  930 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Elsie

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration August 24 – August 29
Peak intensity 85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min)  992 hPa (mbar)

Severe Tropical Storm Fabian

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration August 24 – September 3
Peak intensity 110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min)  970 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Gay

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration September 2 – September 4
Peak intensity 75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min)  995 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Hal

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 3 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration September 5 – September 17
Peak intensity 155 km/h (100 mph) (10-min)  945 hPa (mbar)

This system first became a tropical depression well to the southeast of Japan, while moving to the northwest. Hal intensified into a tropical storm on September 9, and then turned southeast on September 10. Typhoon intensity was reached on September 11. Early on September 12, Hal sharply recurved, first turning to the north-northwest and eventually northeast on September 15. Accelerating northeastward, Hal became an extratropical cyclone on September 17. While the center never crossed land, two people in Honshu were reported missing with 13 others injured. As an extratropical cyclone, Hal restrengthened. By late on September 18, its central pressure had fallen to 950.0 hectopascals (28.05 inHg) and the storm was causing winds up to 72 knots (133 km/h). After peaking in strength, Hal moved through the eastern Bering Sea on September 19 and into Alaska on September 20. The weakening low moved on an anticyclonic path through southern Alaska before emerging into the Gulf of Alaska on September 23. The cyclone drifted erratically southward, dissipating in the Gulf of Alaska on September 25.[4]

Typhoon Uleki

Main article: Hurricane Uleki
Typhoon (JMA)
Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration September 8 (entered basin) – September 16
Peak intensity 130 km/h (80 mph) (10-min)  945 hPa (mbar)

Uleki had developed on August 28 well to the southeast of Hawai'i and become a hurricane in the north-central Pacific before crossing the International Dateline. At 00:00 UTC on September 8, the CPHC transferred warning responsibility of Uleki to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and the storm was subsequently referred to as a typhoon. Three hours later Uleki made its closest approach to Midway Atoll, passing 200 mi (320 km) to the south. Shortly thereafter the system crossed the International Dateline and the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) also began advising on the system.[5][6] The JMA estimated Uleki to have had a pressure of 945 mb (hPa; 27.91 inHg) at this time; however, this value was derived from satellite estimates rather than direct measurements.[6] Uleki maintained this strength through September 10 as it continued on its west-northwest course. On that day, the typhoon again entered a region of weak steering currents between two anticyclones within the subtropical ridge. A trough approaching from the west was forecast to prompt Uleki to turn east; however, the typhoon maintained a general northwest motion in a stair-stepped fashion. Increasing wind shear and cooler air soon imparted weakening,[7] and Uleki degraded to a tropical storm by September 12.[6]

Continued effects from shear stripped the cyclone of all deep convection and by September 14 only a band of cirrus clouds remained in association with Uleki. The JTWC issued their final warning on the system at 00:00 UTC that day accordingly.[7] The JMA maintained the system as a tropical depression as the former typhoon began turning to the east. Uleki later transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on September 16 as it accelerated to the east. The system dissipated the following day near the International Dateline, far from any major landmasses.[6]

Severe Tropical Storm Irma

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration September 11 – September 16
Peak intensity 100 km/h (65 mph) (10-min)  990 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Jeff (Lusing)

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration September 12 – September 16
Peak intensity 85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min)  995 hPa (mbar)

Severe Tropical Storm Kit (Maring)

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration September 18 – September 22
Peak intensity 100 km/h (65 mph) (10-min)  980 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Kit formed from an area of disturbed weather 300 miles east of Manila. A depression formed on the 19th of September and strengthened into Tropical Storm Kit shortly before making landfall on the extreme northern tip of Luzon Island. Kit continued towards the northwest and made landfall 120 miles northeast of Hong Kong. Widespread flooding was reported and 3 people were killed in Guangdong Province in China.[2]

Severe Tropical Storm Lee (Ningning)

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration September 16 – September 24
Peak intensity 95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min)  990 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Mamie

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration September 19 – September 23
Peak intensity 85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min)  990 hPa (mbar)

Super Typhoon Nelson (Paring)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration September 30 – October 8
Peak intensity 185 km/h (115 mph) (10-min)  915 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Odessa (Seniang)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration October 8 – October 16
Peak intensity 130 km/h (80 mph) (10-min)  965 hPa (mbar)

Severe Tropical Storm Pat (Toyang)

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration October 16 – October 22
Peak intensity 110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min)  980 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Ruby (Unsang)

Main article: Typhoon Ruby (1988)
Typhoon (JMA)
Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration October 20 – October 28
Peak intensity 140 km/h (85 mph) (10-min)  950 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Ruby, which developed east of the Philippines on October 20, rapidly intensified to a 145 mph typhoon while approaching central Luzon. It hit on the 24th, and rapidly weakened to a minimal typhoon over the island. Ruby, with its disrupted circulation, remained weak over the South China Sea, and land interaction with Vietnam caused it to dissipate on the 28th. Ruby caused over 300 fatalities, with widespread flooding and damage over its track. Ruby brought heavy rains and a 12 foot storm surge to Guam and the Marianas Islands. On Luzon, the storm's 140 mph (220 km/h) winds caused tremendous damage to the town of Siniloan. In the Polillo Islands, east of Manila, Ruby spawned rare tornadoes that leveled homes. In the northern part of the Philippines, many fishing boats were wrecked by 30–40 foot waves, and 32 more people drowned.[8] Damage in the Philippines totaled 5.64 billion Philippine Pesos (1989 pesos).[9]

The passenger ferry the MV Doña Marilyn was in the Visayan Sea when the storm struck the vessel. The ferry was not designed for deep water, and the open decks let water into the interior of the ship. The storm caused the ferry to pitch to the starboard until one of the decks was below the water, causing the ship to fill up rapidly. The passengers and crew tried to save the ship, but to no avail. The Doña Marilyn sank stern first taking 389 people with it. Only 147 people survived by clinging to life rafts.

Typhoon Skip (Yoning)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration November 3 – November 12
Peak intensity 150 km/h (90 mph) (10-min)  950 hPa (mbar)

Just 2 weeks after Ruby hit Luzon, Skip, which formed on November 3, hit the central Philippines as a 145 mph typhoon. Ruby reached the South China Sea on the 7th, and steadily weakened until dissipation on the 12th. Skip was responsible for killing 104 people (with 95 missing) and extensive damage to the coconut, rice, and sugar crops.[10]

Severe Tropical Storm Tess (Welpring)

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration November 1 – November 6
Peak intensity 110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min)  975 hPa (mbar)

After passing through the Philippines, a tropical disturbance organized in the South China Sea into a tropical depression late on the morning of November 4. Turning westward and strengthening, the cyclone became a tropical storm later that day, and then a typhoon by late November 5. It moved into Vietnam on November 6 and quickly weakened, becoming the only tropical cyclone that season to make landfall in the country. Its remains later moved across the Mekong River delta.[11]

Tropical Storm Val (Apiang)

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration December 21 – December 25
Peak intensity 85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min)  992 hPa (mbar)

Storm names

During the season 26 named tropical cyclones developed in the Western Pacific and were named by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, when it was determined that they had become tropical storms. These names were contributed to a revised list which started on 1979.

Roy Susan Thad Vanessa Warren Agnes Bill Clara Doyle Elsie Fabian Gay Hal
Irma Jeff Kit Lee Mamie Nelson Odessa Pat Ruby Skip Tess Val

Philippines

Asiang Biring Konsing Ditang Edeng
Gloring Huaning Isang Lusing Maring
Ningning Osang Paring Reming Seniang
Toyang Unsang Welpring Yoning
Auxiliary list
Apiang
Basiang (unused) Kayang (unused) Dorang (unused) Enang (unused) Grasing (unused)

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration uses its own naming scheme for tropical cyclones in their area of responsibility. PAGASA assigns names to tropical depressions that form within their area of responsibility and any tropical cyclone that might move into their area of responsibility. Should the list of names for a given year prove to be insufficient, names are taken from an auxiliary list, the first 6 of which are published each year before the season starts. Names not retired from this list will be used again in the 1992 season. This is the same list used for the 1984 season. PAGASA uses its own naming scheme that starts in the Filipino alphabet, with names of Filipino female names ending with "ng" (A, B, K, D, etc.). Names that were not assigned/going to use are marked in gray.

Retirement

Because Typhoons Unsang and Yoning made extensive damage within the Philippines, the PAGASA later retired the names Unsang and Yoning and was replaced by Ulpiang and Yerling for the 1992 season.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Gary Padgett. May 2003 Tropical Cyclone Summary. Retrieved 2006-08-26.
  2. 1 2 3 Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Retrieved on 2007-12-26.
  3. ↑ Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical Storm Bill. Retrieved on 2007-01-19.
  4. ↑ Richard M. DeAngelis, ed. (Winter 1989). Mariners Weather Log (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) 33 (1): 48–49, 56.
  5. ↑ "The 1988 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season". Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Honolulu, Hawaii: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2014. August 28-September 7, 1988 (Hurricane Uleki). Retrieved August 20, 2014.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Typhoon 198817 (ULEKI) - Detailed Track Information". Japan Meteorological Agency. National Institute of Informatics. 1989. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
  7. 1 2 Cpt. John M. Rogers and Lt. Douglas H. Scovil Jr. (1989). "Typhoon Uleki (01C)". Annual Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF). Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). pp. 88–91. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
  8. ↑ Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Typhoon Ruby. Retrieved on 2007-01-19.
  9. ↑ Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Most Destructive Tropical Cyclones for Month of October (1948-2000). Retrieved on 2007-02-04.
  10. ↑ Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Typhoon Skip. Retrieved on 2007-01-19.
  11. ↑ Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Typhoon Tess. Retrieved on 2007-01-19.

External links

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