United States Ambassador to Mexico
| Ambassador of the United States to Mexico
Embajador de Estados Unidos en México | |
|---|---|
|
Seal of the United States Department of State | |
| Inaugural holder |
Joel Roberts Poinsett as Minister |
| Formation | June 1, 1825 |
| Website | U.S. Embassy - Mexico City |
The United States has maintained diplomatic relations with Mexico since 1823, when Andrew Jackson was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to that country. Jackson declined the appointment, however, and Joel R. Poinsett became the first U.S. envoy to Mexico in 1825. The rank of the U.S. chief of mission to Mexico was raised from Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary in 1898.
Normal diplomatic relations between the United States and Mexico have been interrupted on four occasions:
- From December 28, 1836, to July 7, 1839 (following the secession of Texas)
- From March 28, 1845 to October 2, 1848 (during the Mexican–American War)
- From June 21, 1858 to April 6, 1859 (during the War of the Reform)
- From March 18, 1913 to March 3, 1917 (during the Mexican Revolution; the U.S. embassy was closed on April 22, 1914 following the U.S. occupation of Veracruz). Ambassador Henry Lane Wilson was recalled after being implicated in a plot (La decena trágica) to overthrow President Francisco I. Madero. Rather than immediately formally appoint a new ambassador, Woodrow Wilson dispatched ex-Minnesota Governor John Lind as his personal envoy to handle Mexican diplomatic affairs.
In addition, the U.S. legation in Mexico was headed by an interim Chargé d'Affaires from April 1864 to August 1867, during the final years of the French Intervention.
List of ambassadors
The following is a list of Ambassadors the United States has sent to Mexico, and other representatives that have served a similar function. The exact title given by the United States State Department to this position currently is "Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary."
Note that Mexico achieved independence from Spain in 1821; so the first three men on this list were sent by President Madison during the Mexican War of Independence (1810–1821). William Shaler participated in the 1812-13 Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition, which was a private military campaign to overthrow the Royalists and resulted in the roadside murder of two provincial governors and about a dozen other officials.
| Representative | Title | From | To | Appointed by |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| William Shaler | Special Diplomatic Agent | 1810 | 1812 | James Madison |
| John H. Robinson | Special Diplomatic Agent | 1812 | 1814 | James Madison |
| James Wilkinson | U.S. Envoy | 1816 | 1825 | James Madison |
| Joel Roberts Poinsett | Minister | 1825 | 1829 | John Quincy Adams |
| Anthony Butler | Special Diplomatic Agent | 1829 | ||
| Anthony Butler | Chargé d'Affaires | 1829 | 1835 | Andrew Jackson |
| William A. Slacum | Special Diplomatic Agent | 1835 | 1836 | Andrew Jackson |
| Powhatan Ellis | Chargé d'Affaires | 1836 | Andrew Jackson | |
| Robert Greenhow | Special Diplomatic Agent | 1837 | ||
| Powhatan Ellis | Minister | 1839 | 1842 | Martin Van Buren |
| Henry E. Lawrence | Special Diplomatic Agent | 1842 | John Tyler | |
| Waddy Thompson, Jr. | Minister | 1842 | 1844 | John Tyler |
| Moses Yale Beach | Special Diplomatic Agent | 1843 | John Tyler | |
| Gilbert L. Thompson | Special Diplomatic Agent | 1844 | John Tyler | |
| Wilson Shannon | Minister | 1844 | 1845 | John Tyler |
| John Slidell | Minister | 1845 | James K. Polk | |
| David Conner | Special Diplomatic Agent | 1846 | James K. Polk | |
| Nathan Clifford | Minister | 1848 | 1849 | James K. Polk |
| Robert P. Letcher | Minister | 1849 | 1852 | |
| Robert Greenhow | Special Diplomatic Agent | 1850 | ||
| George G. Goss | Special Diplomatic Agent | 1850 | 1852 | |
| George W. Slacum | Special Diplomatic Agent | 1851 | Millard Fillmore | |
| Edward Smith | Special Diplomatic Agent | 1852 | Millard Fillmore | |
| Alfred Conkling | Minister | 1852 | 1853 | Millard Fillmore |
| George E. Cooper | Special Diplomatic Agent | 1853 | ||
| Christopher L. Ward | Special Diplomatic Agent | 1853 | ||
| James Gadsden | Minister | 1853 | 1856 | |
| Richard S. Spofford | Special Diplomatic Agent | 1854 | Franklin Pierce | |
| John Forsyth Jr. | Minister | 1856 | 1858 | Franklin Pierce |
| William M. Churchwell | Special Diplomatic Agent | 1858 | James Buchanan | |
| Alfred Mordecai | Special Diplomatic Agent | 1858 | James Buchanan | |
| Duff Green | Special Diplomatic Agent | 1859 | James Buchanan | |
| David R. Porter | Special Diplomatic Agent | 1859 | James Buchanan | |
| Robert Milligan McLane | Minister | 1859 | 1860 | James Buchanan |
| Henry Roy de la Reintrie | Special Diplomatic Agent | 1860 | James Buchanan | |
| John B. Weller | Minister | 1860 | 1861 | James Buchanan |
| Thomas Corwin | Minister | 1861 | 1864 | |
| Robert W. Shufelt | Special Diplomatic Agent | 1862 | Abraham Lincoln | |
| Lewis D. Campbell | Minister | 1866 | 1867 | Andrew Johnson |
| Marcus Otterbourg | Minister | 1867 | Andrew Johnson | |
| William S. Rosecrans | Minister | 1868 | 1869 | Andrew Johnson |
| Thomas H. Nelson | Minister | 1869 | 1873 | |
| John W. Foster | Minister | 1873 | 1880 | Ulysses S. Grant |
| Philip Hicky Morgan | Minister | 1880 | 1885 | Rutherford B. Hayes |
| Henry R. Jackson | Minister | 1885 | 1886 | |
| Thomas Courtland Manning | Minister | 1886 | 1887 | Grover Cleveland |
| Edward S. Bragg | Minister | 1888 | 1889 | Grover Cleveland |
| Thomas Ryan | Minister | 1889 | 1893 | |
| Isaac P. Gray | Minister | 1893 | 1895 | |
| Matt Whitaker Ransom | Minister | 1895 | 1897 | Grover Cleveland |
| Powell Clayton | Minister | 1897 | 1898 |
See also
- Ambassadors of the United States
- Embassy of the United States, Mexico City
- Foreign relations of Mexico
- Mexico–United States relations
References
- ↑ "U.S. Ambassador to Mexico Resigns Following WikiLeaks Cable". Fox News. 2011-03-20.
- ↑ "Ambassador E. Anthony Wayne".
- United States Department of State: Background notes on Mexico
-
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of State (Background Notes).
External links
- United States Department of State: Chiefs of Mission for Mexico
- United States Department of State: Mexico
- United States Embassy in Mexico City
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