USS Housatonic (SP-1697)

For other ships of the same name, see USS Housatonic.
History
Name: USS Housatonic (SP-1697)
Namesake: The Housatonic River
Builder: built in 1899 by Newport News Shipbuilding in Norfolk, Virginia.
Completed: 1899
Commissioned: 25 January 1918
Decommissioned: 5 August 1919
General characteristics
Type: Minelayer (in 1918)[1]
Displacement: 7,000 tons[1]
Length: 405 ft (123 m)[1]
Beam: 48 ft (15 m)[1]
Draft: 20 ft (6.1 m)[1]
Speed: 15 knots[1]
Capacity: 830 mines (900 max)[1]
Crew: 21 officers and 400 men[1]
Armament:

The second USS Housatonic was the Southern Pacific freighter El Rio temporarily converted for planting the World War I North Sea Mine Barrage. Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company launched El Rio at Newport News, Virginia in 1899 for service between New York City and Gulf of Mexico seaports of New Orleans and Galveston, Texas. The United States Shipping Board took control of the ship from Southern Pacific Steamship Company in 1917.

Conversion

She was fitted out for United States Navy service at Tietjen & Lang's shipyard at Hoboken, New Jersey. Work began on 25 November 1917. Gun platforms were added for two anti-aircraft guns forward and a 5"/51 caliber gun aft. The minelaying conversion enabled her to carry mines on three decks, and included six Otis elevators individually capable of transferring two mines every 20 seconds from the storage decks to the launching deck. Stern ports were cut for launching the mines and the rudder quadrant was raised to give adequate clearance. Watertight subdivision was improved by strengthening existing bulkheads and building two new bulkheads to divide the largest compartments so the ship might stay afloat if only one compartment were flooded. Quarters were enlarged to accommodate messing and berthing arrangements for a crew of about 400. The main machinery was overhauled and auxiliary machinery was added for the elevators, for heating the berthing spaces, for refrigerated food storage, for additional fresh water distilling capacity, for magazine sprinklers and galley and washroom plumbing, and enlarged electric generators for lighting and radio communications. Existing coal bunkers on the third deck were replaced with a bunker in the hold forward of the boiler room with chutes to load coal over the mines. Larger boats and heavier anchors required larger davits and anchor windlass, and the mines required specialized handling machinery.[2]

Wartime service

USS Housatonic was commissioned on 25 January 1918 with Captain John Greenslade, USN, in command. While operating as part of Mine Squadron 1 out of Inverness, Scotland, from 7 June until the close of the war on 11 November 1918, Housatonic laid a total of 9,339 mines:[1]

Housatonic then made three trips returning soldiers of the American Expeditionary Forces to the United States before decommissioning on 5 August 1919 for return to Southern Pacific Steamship Company.

Commanding Officers

Big Four

In the words of British Rear Admiral Lewis Clinton-Baker, the North Sea mine barrage was the "biggest mine planting stunt in the world's history." The United States converted eight civilian steamships as minelayers for the 100,000 mines manufactured for the barrage. The largest of these were four freighters owned by Southern Pacific Steamship Company. Southern Pacific Transportation Company had evolved from the First Transcontinental Railroad to become the dominant transportation provider in California. Owners of the original Central Pacific Railroad were known as the Big Four. Sailors similarly referred to these former Southern Pacific ships as the Big Four.[1]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Belknap, Reginald Rowan The Yankee mining squadron; or, Laying the North Sea mining barrage (1920) United States Naval Institute pp.46-47,74&110
  2. Daniels, Josephus The Northern Barrage and Other Mining Activities (1920) Government Printing Office pp.70-71
  3. "Navy Distinguished Service Medal to Captain Greenslade". MilitaryTimes.
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