Ulmus americana 'Augustine'

Ulmus americana
Cultivar	'Augustine'
Origin	Bloomington, Illinois, USA

The American Elm cultivar Ulmus americana 'Augustine' was originally selected in Bloomington, Illinois, in 1927.^[1]

Description

'Augustine' is a fastigiate, vigorous tree distinguished by its thicker branches and larger, more deeply toothed leaves.^[2][3]

Pests and diseases

'Augustine' has proven particularly susceptible to Dutch elm disease, exhibiting 36% crown dieback in one year after inoculation with the pathogen.^[4] The species is also highly susceptible to Elm Yellows and is also moderately preferred for feeding and reproduction by the adult Elm Leaf Beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola ^[5] , and highly preferred for feeding by the Japanese Beetle Popillia japonica ^[6] in the USA. U. americana is also the most susceptible of all the elms to verticillium wilt.^[7]

Cultivation

The tree it is not known to have been cultivated beyond the USA, where it is no longer in commerce.

Synonymy

• 'Augustine Ascending': Weston, in Horticulture, II.30: 448, 1952.

Accessions

North America

• Longwood Gardens. Acc. no. 1959-2682.
• Bartlett Tree Experts. Acc. nos. 1368, L 332, (as 'Augustine Ascending').
• U S National Arboretum , Washington, D.C., USA. Acc. no. 62665.

References

1. Green, P. S. (1964). Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus. Arnoldia, Vol. 24. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University.
2. Ulmus americana 'Augustine' photographs in University of Michigan Plant Encyclopaedia, saylorplants.com/pd_bigpic.asp?pid=3214&pic_id=pic16, saylorplants.com/pd_bigpic.asp?pid=1931&pic_id=pic16
3. Photograph of 'Augustine' elms on the National Mall, Washington DC: 'Elms of the Monumental Core', James L. Sherald, National Park Service (2009), p.36 [www.nps.gov/.../ElmsoftheMonuCore_HistandMgmtPlan_122009.pdf]
4. Townsend, A. M., Bentz, S. E., and Douglass L. W. (2005). Evaluation of 19 American Elm Clones for Tolerance to Dutch Elm Disease. Journal of Environmental Horticulture, March 2005, Horticultural Research Institute, Washington, D.C.
5. Miller, F. and Ware, G. (2001). Resistance of Temperate Chinese Elms (Ulmuss spp.) to Feeding of the Adult Elm Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 94 (1): 162-166. 2001. Entom. Soc.of America.
6. Miller, F., Ware, G. and Jackson, J. (2001). Preference of Temperate Chinese Elms (Ulmuss spp.) for the Feeding of the Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 94 (2). pp 445-448. 2001. Entom. Soc.of America.
7. Pegg, G. F. & Brady, B. L. (2002). Verticillium Wilts. CABI Publishing. ISBN 0-85199-529-2