United Airlines Flight 2885
 Douglas DC-8 in the 1980s United Airlines livery, similar to the cargo DC-8 that crashed. | |
| Accident summary | |
|---|---|
| Date | January 11, 1983 |
| Summary | Pilot error, aircraft upset |
| Site |
Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport Romulus, Michigan, United States 42°12′42.08″N 83°22′12.11″W / 42.2116889°N 83.3700306°WCoordinates: 42°12′42.08″N 83°22′12.11″W / 42.2116889°N 83.3700306°W |
| Passengers | 0 |
| Crew | 3 |
| Injuries (non-fatal) | 0 |
| Fatalities | 3 (all) |
| Survivors | 0 |
| Aircraft type | Douglas DC-8-54F |
| Operator | United Airlines |
| Registration | N8053U |
| Flight origin | Cleveland Hopkins International Airport |
| Stopover | Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport |
| Destination | Los Angeles International Airport |
United Airlines Flight 2885 was a scheduled cargo flight from Cleveland to Los Angeles, with stopover in Detroit. On January 11, 1983, a DC-8 operating Flight 2885 crashed after take-off from Detroit, killing all 3 crew. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigation determined that the cause for the crash was pilot error.[1]
Chronology
The aircraft involved in the accident, a 14-year-old Douglas DC-8-54, registration N8053U,[2] departed Chicago O'Hare International Airport at 22:15 CST on January 10, 1983, operating United Airlines Flight 2894 bound for Cleveland, Ohio.[3] At Cleveland, the flight became United 2885; the DC-8 departed Cleveland at 01:15 on January 11. It arrived at Detroit airport at 01:52; after a cargo turnaround and refueling, the aircraft began its takeoff roll at 02:51.[3] After taking off, the witnesses described that the nose of the aircraft pitched up to an unusually high position, causing temporary engine surges (witnesses on the ground reported occasional fire eruptions from the engines);[4] soon after, DC-8 began a gradual right roll, eventually entering an upset condition; as the wings reached almost 90-degree bank, at the altitude of approx. 1,000 feet (300 m), the aircraft stalled and fell to the ground, exploding on impact.[3]
Causes
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigation revealed that, during the cargo turnaround at Detroit, the pilots had a conversation in the cockpit; at one point, the captain asked the first officer if he would like to trade seats with the flight engineer and allow him to perform the takeoff (contrary to both United Airlines and Federal Aviation Administration rules).[3][4] The first officer accepted the proposition; the flight engineer did express his doubts, but eventually relented and switched seats.[3]
As the investigators found, the flight engineer entered a DC-8 first officer upgrade training in June 1979; however, the instructors found his abilities less than adequate and the training was terminated two months later.[3] The flight engineer resumed his first officer training in February 1980, this time for the Boeing 737; while improving, his abilities were still inadequate—as his instructor stated, "...his attitude could not be better and he is a very hard worker, however, he has not made normal progress in his first full year as a first officer."[3] After several failed en-route and proficiency checks, the training manager and the flight engineer made an agreement not to bid anymore for pilot vacancies and remain a flight engineer for the balance of his career.[3]
The direct reason for an abnormally nose-up position was found to be an excessively high stabilizer trim setting (7.5 units ANU);[3] likely, in the confusion due to switching seats, the pilots failed to reset the trim setting while performing takeoff checklists.[4] (It was reported the first officer made this mistake occasionally.)[3] Taking off at night, with no visual references, the inexperienced flight engineer did not manage to correct the attitude in time, leading to engine surges, aircraft banking and eventually an upset and an unrecoverable stall. It was not known why the captain did not manage to correct the situation; one possibility was that the flight engineer froze on the controls as he put the DC-8 into a gradual bank, and the opposite inputs from the captain had no effect on the movement of the stabilizer.[3] The captain's decision to allow the flight engineer perform the takeoff was considered a contributing factor in the accident.[3][4]
During an investigation, other United pilots anonymously admitted that swapping seats and flight engineers performing takeoffs and/or landings, while a rare occurrence, were not unheard of on ferry or cargo flights.[3]
See also
- Korean Air Cargo Flight 8509, a flight where the cargo aircraft banked excessively and crashed on takeoff due to pilot error
- Aeroflot Flight 593, a flight where an unqualified person in control of the aircraft caused an upset leading to a crash
- Northwest Airlines Flight 255, a flight that stalled and crashed on takeoff from Detroit due to pilot error
- Spanair Flight 5022, a flight that rolled, stalled and crashed on takeoff due to pilot error
- Flash Airlines Flight 604, a 2004 flight that crashed shortly after takeoff due to excessive bank leading to an upset
References
External links
- Aviation Safety Network: Flight path of United 2885
- Aviation Safety Network: N8053 at Detroit Airport, November 1980
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