Ursus rossicus

Ursus rossicus
Temporal range: Middle to Late Pleistocene, 0.25–0.027 Ma
↓
Skeleton in Zoological Museum, Saint Petersburg
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Ursidae
Genus: Ursus
Species: U. rossicus
Binomial name
Ursus rossicus
Borissiak, 1930

Ursus rossicus, also known as the small cave bear,[1] is an extinct species of bear that lived in the steppe regions of Northern Eurasia and Siberia during the Pleistocene.

Discovery

Vereshchagin discovered the first U. rossicus remains in the Altai Mountains in 1973. Mandibles of the bear were found in Bachatsk Quarry, Krasni Yar (in Tomsk Province) and Mokhovo Quarry; skull fragmenst were found in Krasni Yar.[1]

Description

The small cave bear had a very broad, domed skull with a steep forehead. Its stout body had long thighs, massive shins and in-turning feet, making it similar in skeletal structure to the brown bear.[2] Cave bears were comparable in size to the largest modern-day bears.[3]

Diet

Cave bear teeth show greater wear than most modern bear species, suggesting a diet of tough materials. However, tubers and other gritty food, which cause distinctive tooth wear in modern brown bears, do not appear to have constituted a major part of cave bears' diets on the basis of dental microwear analysis.[4]

The morphological features of the cave bear chewing apparatus, including loss of premolars, have long been suggested to indicate their diets displayed a higher degree of herbivory than the Eurasian brown bear. Indeed, a solely vegetarian diet has been inferred on the basis of tooth morphology. Results obtained on the stable isotopes of cave bear bones also point to a largely vegetarian diet in having low levels of nitrogen-15 and carbon-13,[5] which are accumulated at a faster rate by carnivores as opposed to herbivores.

Cave bears of the last Ice Age lacked the usual two or three premolars present in other bears; to compensate, the last molar is very elongated, with supplementary cusps.[6]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Baryshnikov, G.; Foronova, I. (2001). "Pleistocene small cave bear (Ursus rossicus) from the South Siberia, Russia" (PDF). Cadernos Lab. Xeolóxico de Laxe 26: 373–398.
  2. ↑ Brown, Gary (1996). Great Bear Almanac. p. 340. ISBN 1-55821-474-7.
  3. ↑ Macdonald, David (1992). The Velvet Claw. New York: Parkwest. p. 256. ISBN 0-563-20844-9.
  4. ↑ Pinto Llona, A. C., Andrews, P. & Etxeberrı´a, P. 2005: Taphonomy and Palaeoecology of Cave Bears from the Quaternary of Cantabrian Spain. Fondacio´n de Asturias/Du Pont Ibe´rica/The Natural History Museum, Grafinsa, Oviedo.
  5. ↑ Bocherens, H.; et al. (2006). "Bears and humans in Chauvet Cave (Vallon-Pont-d’Arc, Ardeche, France): Insights from stable isotopes and radiocarbon dating of bone collagen". Journal of Human Evolution 50 (3): 370–376. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.12.002. PMID 16442587.
  6. ↑ Gli orsi spelèi delle Conturines/ Ursus Spelaeus. Altabadia.it. Retrieved on 2011-09-26.


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