The Usual Suspects

For other uses, see Usual suspects (disambiguation).
The Usual Suspects

Theatrical release poster
Directed by Bryan Singer
Produced by Kenneth Kokin
Michael McDonnell
Bryan Singer
Written by Christopher McQuarrie
Starring Stephen Baldwin
Gabriel Byrne
Benicio del Toro
Kevin Pollak
Kevin Spacey
Chazz Palminteri
Pete Postlethwaite
Music by John Ottman
Cinematography Newton Thomas Sigel
Edited by John Ottman
Production
company
Distributed by Spelling Films International
Gramercy Pictures
PolyGram Filmed Entertainment
Release dates
  • January 25, 1995 (1995-01-25) (Sundance)
  • August 16, 1995 (1995-08-16)
Running time
 106 minutes[1]
Country United States
Language English
Budget $6 million[2]
Box office $34.4 million[2]

The Usual Suspects is a 1995 American neo-noir[3] mystery crime thriller film directed by Bryan Singer and written by Christopher McQuarrie. It stars Stephen Baldwin, Gabriel Byrne, Benicio del Toro, Kevin Pollak, Chazz Palminteri, Pete Postlethwaite and Kevin Spacey.

The film follows the interrogation of Roger "Verbal" Kint, a small-time con man who is one of only two survivors of a massacre and fire on a ship docked at the Port of Los Angeles. He tells an interrogator a convoluted story about events that led him and his partners in crime to the boat, and about a mysterious mob boss known as Keyser Söze who commissioned their work. Using flashback and narration, Kint's story becomes increasingly complex.

The film, shot on a $6 million budget, began as a title taken from a column in Spy magazine called The Usual Suspects, after one of Claude Rains' most memorable lines in the classic film Casablanca. Singer thought it would make a good title for a film, the poster for which he and McQuarrie had developed as the first visual idea.

The film was shown out of competition at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival,[4] and then initially released in a few theaters. It received favorable reviews, and was eventually given a wider release. McQuarrie won an Academy Award for Best Writing (Original Screenplay) and Spacey won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance. The Writer's Guild of America ranks the film as having the 35th greatest screenplay of all time.[5] It is now remembered for having one of the most definitive and popular plot twists in cinematic history.

Plot

A deadly firefight and a fire aboard a ship docked in the San Pedro Bay leaves only two survivors: a Hungarian criminal named Arkos Kovaz hospitalized from severe burns, and a small-time con artist, Roger "Verbal" Kint (Kevin Spacey), a disabled and weak person. Separately, FBI agent Jack Baer (Giancarlo Esposito) and Customs agent Dave Kujan (Chazz Palminteri) arrive in San Pedro, lured by reports of a large cocaine shipment, and Kujan's personal vendetta against Dean Keaton (Gabriel Byrne), a formerly corrupt police officer who has since given up his life of crime but who was supposedly involved in the massacre. While Baer is at the hospital attempting to get security for Kovaz, Kovaz begins yelling in Hungarian, and mentions the name Keyser Söze, which stops and stuns Baer. As Verbal later explains, Söze has a near mythical and vengeful reputation, having killed his own family when they were held hostage by a Hungarian gang and then killing all but one of the gang members before disappearing underground, keeping his true identity secret by insulating himself from his agents, who usually do not know for whom they are working.

While Baer works with an interpreter to gain Kovaz's description of Söze, Kujan uses a messy office in the local police station to interrogate Verbal. Verbal's story, told in flashback, begins six weeks earlier, when he and four others were rounded up by the New York City police as suspects in a gun shipment robbery. The other four are Keaton; Michael McManus (Stephen Baldwin), a professional thief; Fred Fenster (Benicio del Toro), McManus' partner who speaks in garbled English; and Todd Hockney (Kevin Pollak), a hijacker. While in a holding cell, McManus convinces the others to get back at the police by intercepting a smuggler being escorted by corrupt cops and stealing his stash. After this job goes well, the five go to Los Angeles and fence the stolen goods with Redfoot (Peter Greene), McManus' contact. Redfoot identifies another lucrative potential smuggling operation. The five accept and pull off the heist but find out the shipment was of heroin, not jewelry as they thought. In an angry confrontation with Redfoot, he reveals the job was set up by a lawyer named Kobayashi (Pete Postlethwaite).

The group is later approached by Kobayashi, who says he is working for Söze. Kobayashi possesses extensive details about the five's criminal past and how each of them had slighted Söze at some point even without knowing it. He continues that Söze will consider their actions repaid if they destroy $91 million worth of cocaine being sold by Argentinians to a Hungarian gang, allowing them to keep the cash being used in the deal; if the five refuse, Söze will kill their friends and families.

Overnight, Fenster bails on the group; the remaining four find his body the next day at a location Kobayashi provides. They attempt to assert control of the situation by assassinating Kobayashi at his offices, but Kobayashi reveals that Edie Finneran (Suzy Amis), Keaton's lawyer and girlfriend, is in Kobayashi's offices on legal matters, and she will be killed if they do not complete the job. Kobayashi twists their arms further by threatening them and their families with untold mayhem, Söze's calling cards. With no choice, the others set out on the plan. As the deal starts, Keaton tells Verbal to stay back and should the plan fail to take the money to Edie, who will help him. Keaton and the others kill the Argentinians and the Hungarians, and then he and McManus clear the boat looking for the drugs but find none. McManus, Hockney and a man locked aboard the ship are killed by a person whose face is never seen. While Verbal looks on, this person kills Keaton and sets the boat on fire. Verbal has come to believe the mysterious man was Söze himself.

Verbal concludes his story, but Kujan does not believe it, insisting that Keaton must be Söze, as the man aboard the boat was Arturo Marquez, a drug dealer who escaped prosecution by claiming he could identify Söze. Kujan claims that the Argentinians were selling Marquez to Söze's rival Hungarian gang and Keaton used the heist as a distraction to let him kill Marquez. Kujan also informs Verbal that Edie has been killed, murdered in a Pennsylvania motel room. Verbal tearfully testifies that the entire plan was Keaton's idea and then refuses to say more. Verbal's bond is posted and he leaves. Kujan, thinking about Verbal's story, starts to recognize that several names and concepts from the story match up with papers and other details scattered through the messy office, such as the names "Redfoot" and "Kobayashi". This makes Kujan realize that nearly the entire background to the story was a fabrication created by Verbal, who is now revealed to be the real Keyser Söze.

Kujan races to try to stop Verbal but he is too late. Outside the station, Verbal drops his faked "handicapped act" and gets into a car driven by "Kobayashi". The film ends on a quote of Charles Baudelaire[6] which Verbal used to describe Söze: "The greatest trick the devil ever pulled was convincing the world he didn't exist."

Cast

Production

Origins

Bryan Singer met Kevin Spacey at a party after a screening of the young filmmaker's first film, Public Access, at the 1993 Sundance Film Festival.[8] Spacey had been encouraged by a number of people he knew who had seen it,[7] and was so impressed that he told Singer and McQuarrie that he wanted to be in whatever film they did next. Singer read a column in Spy magazine called "The Usual Suspects" after Claude Rains' line in Casablanca. Singer thought that it would be a good title for a film.[9] When asked by a reporter at Sundance what their next film was about, McQuarrie replied, "I guess it's about a bunch of criminals who meet in a police line-up,"[9] which incidentally was the first visual idea that he and Singer had for the poster: "five guys who meet in a line-up," Singer remembers.[10] The director also envisioned a tagline for the poster, "All of you can go to Hell."[7] Singer then asked the question, "What would possibly bring these five felons together in one line-up?"[11] McQuarrie revamped an idea from one of his own unpublished screenplays — the story of a man who murders his own family and walks away, disappearing from view. The writer mixed this with the idea of a team of criminals.[9]

Söze's character is based on the accounts of John List, a New Jersey accountant who murdered his family in 1971 and then disappeared for almost two decades, assuming a new identity before he was ultimately apprehended.[12] McQuarrie based the name of Keyser Söze on one of his previous supervisors, Kayser Sume, at a Los Angeles law firm that he worked for,[13] but decided to change the last name because he thought that his former boss would object to how it was used. He found the word söze in his roommate's English-to-Turkish dictionary, which translates as "talk too much."[7] All the characters' names are taken from staff members of the law firm at the time of his employment.[7] McQuarrie had also worked for a detective agency, and this influenced the depiction of criminals and law enforcement officials in the script.[14]

Singer described the film as Double Indemnity meets Rashomon, and said that it was made "so you can go back and see all sorts of things you didn't realize were there the first time. You can get it a second time in a way you never could have the first time around."[15] He also compared the film's structure to Citizen Kane (which also contained an interrogator and a subject who is telling a story) and the criminal caper The Anderson Tapes.[11]

Pre-production

McQuarrie wrote nine drafts of his screenplay over five months, until Singer felt that it was ready to shop around to the studios. None were interested except for a European financing company.[16] McQuarrie and Singer had a difficult time getting the film made because of the non-linear story, the large amount of dialogue and the lack of cast attached to the project. Financiers wanted established stars, and offers for the small role of Redfoot (the L.A. fence who hooks up the five protagonists with Kobayashi) went out to Christopher Walken, Tommy Lee Jones, Jeff Bridges, Charlie Sheen, James Spader, Al Pacino and Johnny Cash.[13] However, the European money allowed the film's producers to make offers to actors and assemble a cast. They were only able to offer the actors salaries that were well below their usual pay, but they agreed because of the quality of McQuarrie's script and the chance to work with each other.[10] That money fell through, however, and Singer used the script and the cast to attract PolyGram to pick up the film negative.[16]

About casting, Singer said, "You pick people not for what they are, but what you imagine they can turn into."[11] To research his role, Spacey met doctors and experts on cerebral palsy and talked with Singer about how it would fit dramatically in the film. They decided that it would affect only one side of his body.[7] According to Byrne, the cast bonded quickly during rehearsals.[8] Del Toro worked with Alan Shaterian to develop Fenster's distinctive, almost unintelligible speech patterns.[17] According to the actor, the source of his character's unusual speech patterns came from the realization that "the purpose of my character was to die."[7] Del Toro told Singer, "It really doesn't matter what I say so I can go really far out with this and really make it uncomprehensible."[7]

Filming

The budget was set at $5.5 million, and the film was shot in 35 days[16] in Los Angeles, San Pedro and New York City.[15] Spacey said that they shot the interrogation scenes with Palminteri over a span of five to six days.[18] These scenes were also shot before the rest of the film.[7] The police lineup scene ran into scheduling conflicts because the actors kept blowing their lines. Screenwriter Christopher McQuarrie would feed the actors questions off-camera and they improvised their lines. When Stephen Baldwin gave his answer, he made the other actors break character.[7] Byrne remembers that they were often laughing between takes and "when they said, 'Action!', we'd barely be able to keep it together."[8] Spacey also said that the hardest part was not laughing through takes, with Baldwin and Pollak being the worst culprits.[18] Their goal was to get the usually serious Byrne to crack up.[18] They spent all morning trying unsuccessfully to film the scene. At lunch a frustrated Singer angrily scolded the five actors, but when they resumed the cast continued to laugh through each take.[7] Byrne remembers, "Finally, Bryan just used one of the takes where we couldn't stay serious."[8] Singer and editor John Ottman used a combination of takes and kept the humor in to show the characters bonding with one another.[7]

While Del Toro told Singer how he was going to portray Fenster, he did not tell his cast members, and in their first scene together none of them understood what Del Toro was saying. Byrne confronted Singer and the director told him that for the lockup scene, "If you don't understand what he's saying maybe it's time we let the audience know that they don't need to know what he's saying."[7] This led to the inclusion of Kevin Pollak's improvised line, "What did you say?"

The stolen emeralds were real gemstones on loan for the film.[12]

Singer spent an 18-hour day shooting the underground parking garage robbery.[7] According to Byrne, by the next day Singer still did not have all of the footage that he wanted, and refused to stop filming in spite of the bonding company's threat to shut down the production.[7]

In the scene in which the crew meets Redfoot after the botched drug deal, Redfoot flicks his cigarette at McManus' face. The scene was originally to have Redfoot flick the cigarette at McManus's chest, but the actor missed and hit Baldwin's face by accident. Baldwin's reaction is genuine.[12]

Despite enclosed practical locations and a short shooting schedule, cinematographer Newton Thomas Sigel "developed a way of shooting dialogue scenes with a combination of slow, creeping zooms and dolly moves that ended in tight close-ups," to add subtle energy to scenes.[19] "This style combined dolly movement with "imperceptible zooms" so that you’d always have a sense of motion in a limited space."[20]

Post-production

During the editing phase, Singer thought that they had completed the film two weeks early, but woke up one morning and realized that they needed that time to put together a sequence that convinced the audience that Dean Keaton was Söze — and then do the same for Verbal Kint because the film did not have "the punch that Chris had written so beautifully."[7] According to Ottman, he assembled the footage as a montage but it still did not work until he added an overlapping voice-over montage featuring key dialogue from several characters and had it relate to the images.[7] Early on, executives at Gramercy had problems pronouncing the name Keyser Söze and were worried that audiences would have the same problem. The studio decided to promote the character's name. Two weeks before the film debuted in theaters, "Who is Keyser Söze?" posters appeared at bus stops, and TV spots told people how to say the character's name.[21] Despite these efforts, all the actors in the film consistently mispronounce his name as "Soze" instead of "Söze".

Singer wanted the music for the boat heist to resemble Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1. The ending's music was based on a k.d. lang song.[22]

Release

Gramercy ran a pre-release promotion and advertising campaign before The Usual Suspects opened in the summer of 1995. Word of mouth marketing was used to advertise the film, and buses and billboards were plastered with the simple question, "Who is Keyser Söze?"[23]

The film was shown out of competition at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival and was well received by audiences and critics.[24] The film was then given an exclusive run in Los Angeles, where it took a combined $83,513, and New York City, where it made $132,294 on three screens in its opening weekend.[25] The film was then released in 42 theaters where it earned $645,363 on its opening weekend. It averaged a strong $4,181 per screen at 517 theaters and the following week added 300 locations.[16] It eventually made $23.3 million in North America.[2]

Reception

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film received a rating of 88%, based on 68 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The site's consensus reads, "Expertly shot and edited, The Usual Suspects gives the audience a simple plot and then piles on layers of deceit, twists, and violence before pulling out the rug from underneath."[26] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 77 out of 100, based on 22 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[27]

Roger Ebert, in a review for the Chicago Sun-Times, gave the film one and a half stars out of four, considering it confusing and uninteresting.[28] He also included the film in his "most hated films" list.[29] USA Today rated the film two and a half stars out of four, calling it "one of the most densely plotted mysteries in memory—though paradoxically, four-fifths of it is way too easy to predict."[30] However, Rolling Stone praised Spacey, saying his "balls-out brilliant performance is Oscar bait all the way."[31] In his review for The Washington Post, Hal Hinson wrote, "Ultimately, The Usual Suspects may be too clever for its own good. The twist at the end is a corker, but crucial questions remain unanswered. What's interesting, though, is how little this intrudes on our enjoyment. After the movie you're still trying to connect the dots and make it all fit—and these days, how often can we say that?"[32]

In her review for The New York Times, Janet Maslin praised the performances of the cast: "Mr. Singer has assembled a fine ensemble cast of actors who can parry such lines, and whose performances mesh effortlessly despite their exaggerated differences in demeanor ... Without the violence or obvious bravado of Reservoir Dogs, these performers still create strong and fascinatingly ambiguous characters."[33] The Independent praised the film's ending: "The film's coup de grace is as elegant as it is unexpected. The whole movie plays back in your mind in perfect clarity—and turns out to be a completely different movie to the one you've been watching (rather better, in fact)."[34]

Accolades

McQuarrie was nominated for the Best Original Screenplay and Kevin Spacey was nominated for Best Supporting Actor at the Academy Awards.[35] They both won, and in his acceptance speech Spacey memorably said, "Well, whoever Keyser Söze is, I can tell you he's gonna get gloriously drunk tonight."[36]

The film was nominated as the best film at the 1996 British Academy Film Awards (BAFTA awards). McQuarrie won the BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay, and John Ottman won the BAFTA Award for Best Editing.[37] The film was nominated for three Independent Spirit Awards — Best Supporting Actor for Benicio del Toro, Best Screenplay for Christopher McQuarrie and Best Cinematography for Newton Thomas Sigel.[38] Both Del Toro and McQuarrie won in their categories.[39]

Bryan Singer won the Best Debut award at the 1st Empire Awards.[40]

The Usual Suspects was screened at the 1995 Seattle International Film Festival, where Bryan Singer was awarded Best Director and Kevin Spacey won for Best Actor.[41] The Boston Society of Film Critics gave Spacey the Best Supporting Actor award for his work on the film.[42] Spacey went on to win this award with the New York Film Critics Circle and the National Board of Review, which also gave the cast an ensemble acting award.[43]

Legacy

On June 17, 2008, the American Film Institute revealed its "AFI's 10 Top 10"—the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres—after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community. The Usual Suspects was acknowledged as the tenth-best mystery film.[44] Verbal Kint was voted the #48 villain in "AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains" in June 2003.

Entertainment Weekly cited the film as one of the "13 must-see heist movies".[45] Empire ranked Keyser Söze #69 in their "The 100 Greatest Movie Characters" poll.[46]

In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked the screenplay #35 on its list of 101 Greatest Screenplays ever written.[47]

American Film Institute Lists:

References

  1. ↑ "THE USUAL SUSPECTS (18)". PolyGram Filmed Entertainment. British Board of Film Classification. May 26, 1995. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
  2. 1 2 3 "The Usual Suspects". The Numbers. Retrieved June 17, 2008.
  3. ↑ Conard, Mark T (2007). The Philosophy of Neo-Noir. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-3717-9.
  4. ↑ "Festival de Cannes: The Usual Suspects". festival-cannes.com. Retrieved 2009-09-08.
  5. ↑ http://www.wga.org/subpage_newsevents.aspx?id=1807
  6. ↑ Baudelaire, Le Joueur Généreux
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Burnett, Robert Meyer (2002). "Round Up: Deposing The Usual Suspects". The Usual Suspects Special Edition DVD (MGM).
  8. 1 2 3 4 Ryan, James (17 August 1995). "The Usual Suspects Puts Together Unusual Cast". BPI Entertainment News Wire.
  9. 1 2 3 Larsen, Ernest (2005). "The Usual Suspects". British Film Institute.
  10. 1 2 Hartl, John (13 August 1995). ""Surprises and No Holes" in Director's Prize-Winning Mystery". Seattle Times.
  11. 1 2 3 Lacey, Liam (21 September 1995). "Bryan Singer's Film Fever". Globe and Mail.
  12. 1 2 3 The Usual Suspects DVD commentary featuring Bryan Singer and Christopher McQuarrie, [2000]. Retrieved 27 September 2002
  13. 1 2 Nashawaty, Chris (3 February 2006). "Starring Lineup". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2008-07-06.
  14. ↑ Francis, Patrick (1 December 1998). "Bryan Singer, Confidence Man". Moviemaker. Retrieved 2009-02-13.
  15. 1 2 Wells, Jeffrey (31 August 1995). "Young Duo Makes Big Splash". The Times Union.
  16. 1 2 3 4 "Suspects Found It Tough to Round Up Financing". Hollywood Reporter. 13 September 1995.
  17. ↑ Hernandez, Barbara E (5 September 1995). "What's in a name? Benicio Del Toro knows". Boston Globe.
  18. 1 2 3 Parks, Louis B (19 August 1995). "Everyone's Suspect". Houston Chronicle.
  19. ↑ Williams, David (July 2000). "Unusual Suspects". American Cinematographer (American Society of Cinematographers) 81 (7).
  20. ↑ Gray, Simon (July 2006). "Hero Shots". American Cinematographer (American Society of Cinematographers) 87 (7). Archived from the original on 4 September 2009.
  21. ↑ Gordinier, Jeff (September 29, 1995). "Keyser on a Roll". Entertainment Weekly.
  22. ↑ Koppl, Rudy. "VALKYRIE – The Destruction of Madness". Music from the Movies. Archived from the original on 21 February 2009. Retrieved December 27, 2008.
  23. ↑ Fried, John (June 1996). "The Usual Suspects". Cineaste (New York City: Cineaste Publishers, Inc.) 22 (2). ISSN 0009-7004.
  24. ↑ "Auteurs bloat or float bulk of Cannes fest crop". Variety. June 9, 1995.
  25. ↑ Evans, Greg (April 22, 1995). "Suspects heists exclu B.O.; Brothers in pursuit". Variety.
  26. ↑ "The Usual Suspects". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
  27. ↑ "The Usual Suspects". Metacritic.
  28. ↑ Ebert, Roger (August 18, 1995). "The Usual Suspects". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved September 27, 2007.
  29. ↑ Ebert, Roger (August 11, 2005). "Ebert's Most Hated". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved April 28, 2009.
  30. ↑ Clark, Mike (August 18, 1995). "Usual Suspects, usual thriller". USA Today.
  31. ↑ Travers, Peter (1995). "The Usual Suspects". Rolling Stone. Retrieved September 27, 2007.
  32. ↑ Hinson, Hal (August 18, 1995). "Usual Suspects, Unusual Suspense". Washington Post.
  33. ↑ Maslin, Janet (August 16, 1995). "Putting Guys Like That in a Room Together". The New York Times. Retrieved July 7, 2008.
  34. ↑ Curtis, Quentin (August 27, 1995). "The thrill of The Usual Suspects is that it re-mythologises the crime movie". The Independent.
  35. ↑ "The nominees". USA Today. February 14, 1996.
  36. ↑ Grimes, William (26 March 1996). "Gibson Best Director for Braveheart, Best Film". New York Times. Retrieved July 7, 2008.
  37. ↑ Boehm, Erich (April 29 – May 5, 1996). "Costume dramas win bulk of BAFTA awards". Variety.
  38. ↑ Klady, Leonard (January 15–21, 1996). "Vegas Tops Indie Spirit Noms". Variety.
  39. ↑ "The Usual Suspects: Awards". IMDB. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  40. ↑ "Empire Awards Past Winners – 1996". Empireonline.com. Bauer Consumer Media. 2003. Retrieved September 16, 2011.
  41. ↑ Levy, Emanuel (June 19–25, 1996). "Kingdom takes top Seattle Film Fest prize". Variety.
  42. ↑ Carr, Jay (December 18, 1995). "Hub critics pick Sense and Sensibility". Boston Globe.
  43. ↑ Evans, Greg (December 18, 1995 – December 31, 1996). "Crix picks praise Sense, Vegas". Variety.
  44. ↑ "AFI's 10 Top 10". American Film Institute. June 17, 2008. Retrieved September 3, 2014.
  45. ↑ Ramisetti, Kirthana (March 6, 2008). "Pros and Cons". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 7, 2008.
  46. ↑ "The 100 Greatest Movie Characters". Empire. Retrieved December 2, 2008.
  47. ↑ Savage, Sophia (February 27, 2013). "WGA Lists Greatest Screenplays, From 'Casablanca' and 'Godfather' to 'Memento' and 'Notorious'". WGA. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  48. ↑ AFI's 10 Top 10 Ballot AFI.

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