Victor Martin
Victor Martin (Blaton, 19 January 1912 – November 1989) was a Belgian sociologist, alumnus of Louvain Catholic University. During World War II he embarked on a spying mission in Germany for the Front de l'Indépendance Belgian communist resistance organization, bringing back the first reliable information about the fate of Jews deported to Germany, as well as detailed information about the functioning of the Auschwitz concentration camp.
Martin's operation
Martin, who possessed a doctorate, had travelled in Switzerland, France and Germany before the war, and his title had given him access to a network of good contacts in German universities. As a member of the resistance and realizing that his mastery of the German language was a trump card, he proposed himself for a secret mission in enemy territory.
Martin's proposal was accepted, but the mission was different from what he had imagined; at the request of the official of the Comité de Défense des Juifs, he was ordered to observe directly where the trains went which carried the deported Jews of Belgium. He manufactured a project researching the psychology of different social classes as cover. He obtained meetings with the sociologist Leopold von Wiese at Cologne, and with another colleague at the University of Breslau (now Wrocław in Poland). The project was accepted by the occupier and he obtained permits to travel between Frankfurt, Berlin and Breslau during the period of 4–20 February 1943.
At Katowice, not far from Auschwitz, Martin met workers from the Service du Travail Obligatoire in a bistro, who described to him the mass extermination of Jews and the incineration of their bodies. He met them again on several occasions. Betrayed to the Gestapo, he was arrested and imprisoned on 1 April 1943 at the Radwitz camp, where he served as an interpreter. He escaped on 15 May of the same year.
After secretly returning to Belgium, he wrote a report[2] to his resistance comrades in the Front de l'Indépendance who passed the results of his investigations on to London. News of his discoveries also circulated in Belgium, causing Jews to hide their children with the underground and to take flight.[3] Martin himself went underground in the Charleroi area. He was arrested by the Gestapo, and transferred to Kamp Vught in the Netherlands. He escaped yet again, and was sheltered by his resistance comrades.
After the war, Martin worked overseas for the International Labour Organisation. He married and had a family, and retired to Haute-Savoie towards the end of the 1970s. He died in complete anonymity in 1989.
References
- ↑ The house is located in front of Blaton's train station
- ↑ currently kept by the Yad Vashem Holocaust memorial
- ↑ Andrée Geulen-Herscovici, in 1940-1945: Un combat pour la liberté, cites Martin's report as a trigger for her operation to protect Jewish children.
Additional bibliography and filmography
- French: Bernard Krouck, Victor Martin, un résistant sorti de l'oubli, Brussels, Éditions Les Éperonniers, 1995 ISBN 978-2-87132-253-5
- French: Didier Roten (from the book by Bernard Krouck), La mission de Victor Martin, Les Films de la Mémoire, video, 55 minutes (summary, in French)
See also
|