Video rental shop

A display case of DVDs in a video rental store.

A video rental shop/store is a physical business that rents home videos such as movies and prerecorded TV shows. Typically, a rental shop conducts business with customers under conditions and terms agreed upon in a rental agreement or contract, which may be implied, explicit, or written. Many video rental stores also sell previously-viewed movies and/or new, unopened movies. In the 1980s, video rental stores rented VHS and Beta tape copies of movies, although most stores dropped Beta tapes when VHS won the format war. In the 2000s, video rental stores began renting DVDs, which eventually displaced VHS. In the 2010s, video rental stores added high-definition Blu-ray disks to their offerings. Video rentals are also offered in other business such as drugstores or convenience stores.

The widespread availability of video on demand on cable TV systems and VHS-by-mail services offered consumers a way of watching movies without having to leave their home. With the advent of the World Wide Web, Internet services such as Netflix have become increasingly popular since the mid 2000s. All of these new ways of watching movies have greatly reduced the demand for video rental shops.

Overview

Typically, a customer must sign up for an account with the shop and give a form of security such as a credit card number or drivers license. If the customer does not return the movie, the store can charge the cost of the movie to the customer's credit card. If items are returned late, the shop usually charges late fees, which typically accumulate day by day. Some shops have policies where instead of late fees, they will treat overdue items as a sale after a certain date, and charge a price equivalent to a standard sale of that object (with appropriate deductions for the rental fee already paid and for its pre-opened condition).

While video rental stores primarily offer movies, many also rent recorded TV shows, music CDs or video game disks. Some video rental outlets use a kiosk or vending machine to dispense and collect rentals. Some video rental stores also sell snack items like microwave popcorn, chips, candy, chocolate and soda pop.

In 2010, a report indicated that in the United States and Canada, public libraries collectively loaned more VHS tapes than the online rental outlet Netflix.[1]

History

The world's oldest business that rents out copies of movies for private use was opened by Eckhard Baum in Kassel, West Germany in the summer of 1975. Baum collected movies on Super 8 film as a hobby and lent pieces of his collection to friends and acquaintances. Because they showed great interest in his films, he came up with the idea of renting out films as a sideline.[2] Over the years, videotapes and optical discs were added to the range. Baum still operates the business as of September 2015[3] and was portrayed in the June 2006 documentary film “Eckis Welt” by Olaf Saumer.[4]

The first professionally managed video rental store in the U.S. was opened by George Atkinson in December 1977 at 12011 Wilshire Boulevard in Los Angeles. After 20th Century Fox had made an agreement with founder of Magnetic Video Andre Blay to license him 50 of their titles for sale directly to consumers, amongst them Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, M*A*S*H, Hello, Dolly!, Patton, The French Connection, The King And I and The Sound Of Music, Atkinson bought all the titles in both VHS and Beta formats, and offered them for rent.[5][6][7] Such stores led to the creation of video rental chains such as West Coast Video, Blockbuster Video and Rogers Video in the 1980s.

By mid-1985 the United States had 15,000 video rental stores, and many record, grocery, and drug stores also rented tapes.[8] By mid-1986 the press discussed the VCR "and the viewing habits it has engendered — the Saturday night trip down to the tape rental store to pick out for a couple of bucks the movie you want to see when you want to see it".[9] By 1987, for example, Pennsylvania had 537 stores that primarily dealt in renting videotapes, with annual spending per resident of $10.50.[10] Also in 1987, the revenue taken in from the home video market surpassed box office revenues for that year.[11]

To cope with the videotape format war of the 1970s and 1980s, some stores initially stocked both VHS and Betamax cassettes, while others specialized in one format or the other. During the 1980s most stores eventually became all-VHS, contributing to the eventual demise of Beta. Rogers Video was the first chain to provide DVD rentals in Canada. Other chains and independent stores later transitioned to the newer format. Similarly, many stores now rent Blu-ray Disc movies after the high definition optical disc format war was finished. All stores continued to carry VHS only.

The widespread availability of video on demand on cable TV systems and VHS-by-mail services offered consumers a way of watching movies without having to leave their home. With the advent of the World Wide Web, Internet services such as Netflix have become increasingly popular since the mid 2000s. All of these new ways of watching movies have greatly reduced the demand for video rental shops.

Rental and copyright

The rental of books, CDs, tapes, and movies is covered by copyright law. Copyright owners sometimes put warning notices on the packaging of products such as VHS cassettes to deter copyright infringement. In some cases, the rights of consumers in Europe and the US are in fact significantly broader than described in such warnings.

A DVD rental machine in Japan.

Selection

There would typically be a two- to three-month delay between the time a movie was available for rental, and when the movie could be purchased by the consumer. In reality, the video was available, but priced for rental shops and film enthusiasts who wanted to own a copy of the film at the earliest opportunity. The pricing was between $70 and $130. This started changing with the advent of movie releases on DVD. Blockbuster refused to use the VHS strategy for DVD, so the studios began releasing DVDs at an initially lower price. During 2008, retailers would have the DVD version of a film available for sale the same day the VHS version was available for rent. This later changed, with release dates for VHS and DVD coinciding. In 2013, this also occurred when the Blu-ray Disc format was introduced as the successor to VHS and DVD. A movie will be available on VHS, Blu-ray and DVD on the same day.

Security measures

In some rentals the boxes are on the shelves, but the actual media (VHS or video game disc) is kept behind the desk, therefore reducing any risks of theft (since the most someone can steal from the shelves is the box). The media is put into the box at the same time that the rent is signed. Or the case may be locked and can only be unlocked with a special instrument kept behind the video shop counter.

In some countries, a vending machine and a credit card are employed by the user to rent the VHS material. In such cases, the card would be charged a refundable fee to cover the physical media cost.

Companies

Active

Defunct

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Morning Edition (2010-07-30). "Libraries Top Netflix In DVD Rentals". NPR. Retrieved 2012-11-03.
  2. ↑ Dorina Schmid: „Meine Videothek ist ein Kulturerbe“ – Gespräch mit dem Erfinder der ersten Videothek der Welt: Eckhard Baum (WS 2013/14), Literaturhaus Nordhessen im Kunsttempel, 14 February 2014
  3. ↑ Jörg Steinbach: Film-Shop feiert heute Geburtstag, 19 September 2015
  4. ↑ Filmklasse Kassel: entry on Eckis Welt, Kunsthochschule Kassel
  5. ↑ "A Look Back At How The Content Industry Almost Killed Blockbuster And Netflix (And The VCR)". TechCrunch. AOL. 27 December 2013.
  6. ↑ Jennifer Lane Burnell. "Industry History - entertainment merchants association - Jennifer Lane Burnell".
  7. ↑ 1975 - 1979 | entertainment merchants association
  8. ↑ De Atley, Richard (1985-09-07). "VCRs put entertainment industry into fast-forward frenzy". The Free Lance-Star. Associated Press. pp. 12–TV. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
  9. ↑ Sonasky, Steven (1986-06-10). "VCRs give cable TV firms a common enemy". Boca Raton News. Knight-Ridder Newspapers. pp. 4D. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
  10. ↑ Hussie, Andrew; Kenna, Eileen (1989-12-14). "Saturday Night Movies At Home". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  11. ↑ Herbert, Andrew. "Videoland: Movie Culture at the American Video Store". University of California Press, 2014, p. 17-18.

Further reading

External links

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