Viennese German

Viennese German (Bavarian: Weanarisch, Weanerisch, German: Wienerisch) is the city dialect spoken in Vienna, the capital of Austria and is counted among the Bavarian dialects. It is distinct from written Standard German by vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. Even in Lower Austria, the state surrounding the city, many of its expressions are not used, while farther to the west they are often not even understood.

Linguistic peculiarities

Viennese is rather different from the Austrian form of Standard German, as well as other dialects spoken in Austria (see also Austrian German and Bavarian).

At the beginning of the 20th century, one could differentiate between four Viennese dialects (named after the districts in which they were spoken): Favoritnerisch (Favoriten, 10. Bezirk), Meidlingerisch, (Meidling, 12. Bezirk), Ottakringerisch (Ottakring, 16. Bezirk), and Floridsdorferisch (Floridsdorf, 21. Bezirk). Today these labels are no longer applicable and one speaks of 'one' Viennese dialect with its usage varying as one moves further away from the city.

Besides the locational dialects of Old Vienna, there were also class-based dialects. For example, Schönbrunnerdeutsch, or German as spoken by the courtiers and attendants of the Habsburg Imperial Court at Schönbrunn Royal Palace, had a manner of speech that had an affected bored inflection combined with overenunciation. The nasal tonality was akin to German spoken with a French accent. While far less used today, educated Viennese are still familiar with this court dialect.

Phonology

Features typical of Viennese German include:

Other characteristics are found in Viennese German as in Bavarian dialects, as well:

Grammar

In the realm of grammar, one does not find many differences with other Bavarian dialects. The following are typical:

Vocabulary

Viennese dialect is most distinct in its vocabulary.

Influences on the vocabulary

The Viennese vocabulary displays particular characteristics. Viennese retains many Middle High German and sometimes even Old High German roots. Furthermore, it integrated many expressions from other languages, particularly from other parts of the former Habsburg Monarchy, as Vienna served as a melting pot for its constituent populations in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

The transcription of Viennese has not been standardised. Thus, the rendering of pronunciation here is incomplete:

Examples

Pragmatics

In Viennese, one increasingly finds the following pragmatics peculiarities:

Tendencies

In more recent times Viennese has become closer to Standard German; this has developed into a kind of Standard German spoken with a typical Viennese accent (for example, the original Viennese Wos host’n fir a Notn gschriebn? becomes modern Was hast’n für eine Note gschriebn?). The typical Viennese monophthongization, through which the dialect differentiates itself from the neighboring dialects, remains, but mostly in the form of a developing “Pseudo-Standard German” that many foreigners, particularly from other states, feel is ugly. For example: Waaaßt, wos mir heut in der Schule für än gråååsliches Fläääsch kriegt ham? (Standard German Weißt du, was für ein widerliches Fleisch wir heute in der Schule vorgesetzt bekamen?) The monopthongized Diphthongs, like ei ~ äää or au ~ ååå, are particularly stressed and lengthened.
The reason for the convergence of the typical Viennese Dialects, is the attitude, strengthened by the media, that Urwienerisch is to be considered something of the Proletariat. With the rising standard of living the original Viennese can further converge, as it is considered a sign of low-class origins, while the unique Viennese words (such as Zwutschgerl) however generally stay in use.

Viennese dialects have always been influenced by foreign languages, particularly due to immigration. In the past 40 years immigrants mostly stemmed from the former Yugoslavia, Turkey and most recently (East) Germany but modern day immigration has changed, which in turn affected and created new varieties of modern-day Viennese. An ongoing process, particularly in areas with a high percentage of first and second generation immigrants, new loanwords find their ways into Viennese and so do changes in pronunciation.

See also

External links

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