Vigna

Vigna
cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Faboideae
Tribe:	Phaseoleae
Subtribe:	Phaseolinae
Genus:	Vigna Savi
Subgenera
Ceratotropis Haydonia Lasiospron Plectrotropis Vigna
Synonyms
Azukia Takah. ex Ohwi Condylostylis Piper Dolichovigna Hayata Haydonia R. Wilczek Liebrechtsia De Wild. Plectrotropis Schumach. Scytalis E. Mey. Voandzeia Thouars

Vigna is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae, with a pantropical distribution.^[1] It includes some well-known cultivated species, including many types of beans. Some are former members of the genus Phaseolus. According to Hortus Third, Vigna differs from Phaseolus in biochemistry and pollen structure, and in details of the style and stipules.

Vigna are herbs or occasionally subshrubs. The leaves are pinnate, divided into 3 leaflets. The inflorescence is a raceme of yellow, blue, or purple pea flowers. The fruit is a legume pod of varying shape containing seeds.^[2]

Familiar food species include the adzuki bean (V. angularis), the black gram (V. mungo), the cowpea (V. unguiculata), and the mung bean (V. radiata), which is used as a whole bean, a bean paste, or as bean sprouts.

The genus is named after Domenico Vigna, a seventeenth-century Italian botanist and director of the Orto botanico di Pisa.^[3]

Selected species

Vigna luteola

Vigna marina

The genus Vigna contains at least 90 species,^[1][2][4] including:

Subgenus Ceratotropis

• Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Maréchal—moth bean, mat bean, Turkish gram
• Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi—azuki bean, red bean
  • Vigna angularis var. angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi
  • Vigna angularis var. nipponensis (Ohwi) Ohwi & H. Ohashi
• Vigna glabrescens Maréchal et al.
• Vigna grandiflora (Prain) Tateishi & Maxted
• Vigna hirtella Ridley
• Vigna minima (Roxb.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi
• Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper—black gram, black lentil, white lentil, urd-bean, urad bean
  • Vigna mungo var. silvestris Lukoki, Maréchal & Otoul
• Vigna nakashimae (Ohwi) Ohwi & H. Ohashi
• Vigna nepalensis Tateishi & Maxted
• Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek—mung bean, green gram, golden gram, mash bean, green soy, celera-bean, Jerusalem-pea
  • Vigna radiata var. radiata (L.) Wilczek
  • Vigna radiata var. sublobata (Roxb.) Verdc.
• Vigna reflexopilosa Hayata—Creole-bean
  • Vigna reflexopilosa var. reflexopilosa Hayata
  • Vigna reflexopilosa var. glabra Tomooka & Maxted
• Vigna riukiuensis (Ohwi) Ohwi & H. Ohashi
• Vigna stipulacea Kuntze
• Vigna subramaniana (Babu ex Raizada) M. Sharma
• Vigna tenuicaulis N. Tomooka & Maxted
• Vigna trilobata (L.) Verdc.—jungle mat bean, jungli-bean, African gram, three-lobe-leaved cowpea
• Vigna trinervia (Heyne ex Wall.) Tateishi & Maxted
• Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi—ricebean, red bean, climbing mountain-bean, mambi bean, Oriental-bean

Subgenus Haydonia

• Vigna monophylla Taub.
• Vigna nigritia Hook. f.
• Vigna schimperi Baker
• Vigna triphylla (R. Wilczek) Verdc.

Subgenus Lasiospron

• Vigna diffusa (Scott-Elliot) A. Delgado & Verdc.
• Vigna juruana (Harms) Verdc.
• Vigna lasiocarpa (Mart. ex Benth.) Verdc.
• Vigna longifolia (Benth.) Verdc.
• Vigna schottii (Bentham) A. Delgado & Verdc.
• Vigna trichocarpa (C. Wright ex Sauvalle) A. Delgado
• Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich.—zombi pea, wild cowpea
  • Vigna vexillata var. angustifolia
  • Vigna vexillata var. youngiana

Subgenus Vigna

• Vigna ambacensis Welw. ex Bak.
• Vigna angivensis Baker
• Vigna filicaulis Hepper
• Vigna friesiorum Harms
• Vigna gazensis Baker f.
• Vigna hosei (Craib) Backer—Sarawak-bean
• Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth.—Dalrymple vigna
• Vigna membranacea A. Rich.
  • Vigna membranacea subsp. caesia (Chiov.) Verdc.
  • Vigna membranacea subsp. membranacea A. Rich.
• Vigna monantha Thulin
• Vigna racemosa (G. Don) Hutch. & Dalziel
• Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.—Bambara groundnut, Congo goober, hog-peanut, jugo bean, njugumawe (Swahili) (sometimes separated in Voandzeia)
• Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.—cowpea, crowder pea, Southern pea, Reeve's-pea, snake-bean
  • Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica—catjang
  • Vigna unguiculata ssp. dekindtiana—wild cowpea, African cowpea, Ethiopian cowpea
  • Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis—yardlong bean, long-podded cowpea, asparagus bean, Chinese long bean, pea-bean
  • Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata—black-eyed pea, black-eyed bean

Incertae Sedis

• Vigna comosa
• Vigna dalzelliana
• Vigna debilis Fourc.
• Vigna decipiens
• Vigna dinteri Harms
• Vigna dolichoides Baker in Hooker f.
• Vigna frutescens
• Vigna gracilis
• Vigna kirkii
• Vigna lanceolata—pencil yam, Maloga-bean, parsnip-bean, merne arlatyeye (Arrernte)
• Vigna lobata (Willd.) Endl.
• Vigna lobatifolia
• Vigna marina (Burm.f.) Merr.—dune-bean, notched cowpea, sea-bean, mohihihi, nanea (Hawaiian)
• Vigna multiflora
• Vigna nervosa
• Vigna oblongifolia
• Vigna owahuensis Vogel—Oahu cowpea
• Vigna parkeri—creeping vigna
• Vigna pilosa

References

1. Aitawade, M. M., et al. (2012). Section Ceratotropis of subgenus Ceratotropis of Vigna (Leguminosae–Papilionoideae) in India with a new species from northern Western Ghats. Rheedea 22(1), 20-27.
2. Vigna. Flora of China.
3. Charters, M. Plant Names T-Z. The Eponym Dictionary of Southern African Plants.
4. Delgado-Salinas A, Thulin M, Pasquet R, Weeden N, Lavin M. (2011). "Vigna (Leguminosae) sensu lato: the names and identities of the American segregate genera". Am J Bot 98 (10): 1694–715. doi:10.3732/ajb.1100069. PMID 21980163.

External links

• Multilingual taxonomic information from the University of Melbourne
• Vigna. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
• GRIN Species Records of Vigna. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).