Virial mass

In astronomy, the virial mass has different meanings depending on the context.

In the context of dark matter halos of galaxies or galaxy clusters, virial mass refers to the mass within the virial radius r_{\rm vir}, a radius within which a spherical "top hat" density perturbation destined to become a galaxy is collapsing. This radius is defined as where \rho(<r_{\rm vir}) = \Delta_c \rho_c where \rho(<r) is the halo's average density within that radius, and \rho_c is the critical density of the universe.[1] (Sometimes in the definition, \rho_c is replaced with the mean density of matter, \rho_M = \Omega_M \rho_c, where, at the present day, \Omega_M \simeq 0.27 according to data fitted to the Lambda-CDM model.) The virial mass is the mass within this radius and hence is a reasonable measure of the total mass inside a dark matter halo, because beyond that radius the halo blends into the background matter in the universe. This definition is not universal, however, as the exact value of \Delta_c depends on the cosmology – in practice, to improve communication, it is sometimes simply assumed that \Delta_c = 200 and hence this is sometimes denoted as M_{200} = M(<r_{200}), or the total mass contained within the virial radius.

In other contexts, it may refer to the mass inferred from the rotation curve or velocity dispersion of a bound collection of stars, assuming the virial theorem applies.

References

  1. White, M (3 February 2001). "The mass of a halo". Astronomy and Astrophysics 367 (1): 27–32. arXiv:astro-ph/0011495. Bibcode:2001A&A...367...27W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20000357. Retrieved 30 November 2014.


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