Volkel Air Base

Volkel Air Base

Vliegbasis Volkel
(Advanced Landing Ground B-80)
IATA: UDE – ICAO: EHVK
Summary
Airport type Military
Owner Military of the Netherlands
Operator Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF)
Koninklijke Luchtmacht (KLu)
Location Volkel, Municipality of Uden
Netherlands
Elevation AMSL 22 m / 72 ft
Coordinates 51°39′26″N 005°41′27″E / 51.65722°N 5.69083°E / 51.65722; 5.69083Coordinates: 51°39′26″N 005°41′27″E / 51.65722°N 5.69083°E / 51.65722; 5.69083
Map
EHVK

Location of Volkel Air Base

Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
06L/24R 3,024 9,922 Asphalt
06R/24L 3,027 9,931 Asphalt
Source: DAFIF[1][2]

Volkel Air Base (Dutch: Vliegbasis Volkel) (IATA: UDE, ICAO: EHVK) is a military airbase used by the Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF) - Dutch: Koninklijke Luchtmacht (KLu), and is located near the village of Volkel in North Brabant, Netherlands. It is home to two F-16 Fighting Falcon squadrons, 312 and 313. A third squadron formerly present at the base, 311, was officially disbanded on 27 September 2012.[3] It also houses a maintenance, logistical, a base Squadron for the RNLAF, and also the 703rd Munitions Support Squadron, part of the 52d Fighter Wing from the United States Air Force. Besides military use, a traumahelicopter operated by ANWB Medical Air Assistance on behalf of the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre is based here. The Dienst Luchtvaart Politie also makes use of Volkel Air Base.

Volkel Air Base is one of several military airfields in the Netherlands, and one of the three major operational bases of the RNLAF, the other two being Leeuwarden Air Base and Gilze-Rijen Air Base. Together with these, it also hosts the public viewing days of the RNLAF, held annually at one of these three airfields, having both an airshow and static display of various military and civilian aircraft.

The airport has two parallel runways, both in the 06/24 direction, and both being just over 3,020 metres (9,900 ft) long. 06L/24R is 45 m (148 ft) wide, and is capable of handling larger aircraft. It is also equipped with an instrument landing system (ILS). 06R/24L is narrower at only 23 m (75 ft) wide.

History

Fliegerhorst Volkel as seen from above in 1944 after having been bombed by allied forces

After the occupation of the Netherlands by Germany in 1940, the Luftwaffe constructed a diversion airfield for night-fighter aircraft called Nachtlandeplatz Volkel. In 1943, the airfield was expanded into an operational Luftwaffe base, and renamed Fliegerhorst Volkel. It was home to III./NJG 2 operating Junkers Ju 88 night fighters, and II & III./JG 3 operating the Messerschmitt Bf 109G. The last German aircraft based at Volkel were jet-engined Me 262 fighters and Ar 234 reconnaissance bombers.[4] To defend the base against aerial attacks, the Germans installed flak guns, but it was still bombed extensively. Attacks in 1944 in support of Operation Market Garden caused such extensive damage to the airport that it could no longer be used by the Luftwaffe.

When the south of the Netherlands was liberated later that year, the Royal Air Force took control of the airfield. Though the Germans had destroyed most of the remaining airport facilities, the RAF continued to use the airport for the remainder of the war, operating Hawker Typhoon and Hawker Tempest aircraft from Volkel in support of the allied advance into Germany. French ace Pierre Clostermann, at the time a flight commander in No 122 Wing, provides a detailed description of operations from Volkel in early 1945 in his book The Big Show.

The Dutch Naval Aviation Service started flying from Volkel in 1949 for training purposes. In 1950, the Royal Netherlands Air Force took control of the airfield, restoring it to an operational fighter base. Gloster Meteor aircraft were the first jet aircraft to be based at Volkel for the RNLAF. Later came the Republic F-84 Thunderjet and Thunderstreak, which were eventually replaced by the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter, the first supersonic aircraft of the RNLAF. In the 1970s, airport facilities were improved, and 32 protective Hardened Aircraft Shelters (HAS) were constructed for the aircraft. Between 1982 and 1984, the Starfighters were slowly replaced by the F-16 Fighting Falcons that are currently based at Volkel, which were manufactured under license by Fokker.[5] The current F-16 aircraft are expected to be replaced by the F-35 Lightning II.

Nuclear weapons

Demonstration of a B61 nuclear bomb disarming procedure on a “dummy” in an underground Weapons Security and Storage System (WS3) vault at Volkel Air Base

It was believed that since the early 1960s, USAF nuclear weapons were stored at Volkel Air Base, to be used by the host nation's aircraft.[6] Formerly, storage took place in a weapon storage area on the north side of the base, and in a heavily defended quick reaction alert (QRA) area - but since 1991, eleven WS3 Weapon Storage and Security System vaults are operational in the floors of the aircraft shelters. The USAF 703rd Munitions Support Squadron (703rd MUNSS) is in charge of maintaining and securing the weapons.[7][8] As of 2008, 22 B61 nuclear bombs are believed to be in storage at Volkel, to be used by the Dutch 311 and 312 F-16 squadrons at the base.[9] The F-16s based at Volkel can at times be seen with BDU-38 dummy bombs, which are used to simulate the B61.[10] Despite the evidence for this, the Dutch Ministry of Defence never officially acknowledges or denies the presence of nuclear weapons at Volkel.[11] In a book published by former air force pilot Steve Netto it is revealed that some fifty B28 nuclear bombs were in storage there around the time of the Cuban Missile Crisis, which if needed were to be deployed by aircraft of the Royal Netherlands Air Force.[12] In a document leaked as a part of the United States diplomatic cables leak the presence of nuclear weapons in the Netherlands is confirmed, though no specific location is given.[13] On 10 June 2013, former prime minister Ruud Lubbers confirmed the existence of 22 nuclear weapons at the airfield.[14]

Units

Royal Netherlands Air Force

United States Air Force

References

  1. ↑ Airport information for EHVK at World Aero Data. Data current as of October 2006.Source: DAFIF.
  2. ↑ Airport information for UDE at Great Circle Mapper. Source: DAFIF (effective October 2006).
  3. ↑ "Opheffing F-16 squadron Vliegbasis Volkel" (in Dutch). Retrieved 29 September 2012.
  4. ↑ http://www.sgvolkel.nl/download/historie.pdf
  5. ↑ Brabants Historisch Informatie Centrum (BHIC) - Verhalen: Vliegbasis Volkel (Dutch only), article retrieved 26 October 2007
  6. ↑ Hans M. Kristensen (2008) - USAF Report: “Most” Nuclear Weapon Sites In Europe Do Not Meet US Security Requirements, article retrieved 4 January 2009
  7. ↑ Federation of American Scientists - Status of U.S. Nuclear Weapons in Europe PDF (92.1 KB), dated June 26, 2008, retrieved 29 May 2009,
  8. ↑ US Air Force: Spangdahlem.af.mil - Factsheet: 703rd Munitions Support Squadron - page retrieved 16 September 2011.
  9. ↑ Natural Resources Defense Council - U.S. Nuclear Weapons in Europe PDF (3.00 MB), article retrieved 26 October 2007,
  10. ↑ Scramble.nl forum - Photo of RNAF F-16 J-365 with BDU-38., retrieved October 3, 2011.
  11. ↑ Dutch Ministry of Defense (2005) - response to questions of member of parliament van Velzen regarding the presence of nuclear weapons, retrieved 26 October 2007
  12. ↑ ANP (2010) - Luchtvaartnieuws.nl - Oud-vlieger Steve Netto onthult kernwapengeheimen Volkel, article retrieved October 19, 2010.
  13. ↑ Wikileaks / Embassy of the United States in Berlin, National security advisor Heusgen on Afghanistan, Middle East, Iran, detainees, Russia, nukes and Balkans. Document retrieved December 1, 2010.
  14. ↑ "US nuclear bombs 'based in Netherlands' - ex-Dutch PM Lubbers". BBC. 10 June 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2013.

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