Volleyball in the United States
| First played | 1895, Holyoke, Massachusetts (USA) |
|---|---|
| Characteristics | |
| Contact | No Contact |
| Team members | 12 |
| Mixed gender | Single |
| Type | Volleyball in the United States |
| Equipment | Volleyball |
| Presence | |
| Olympic | 1964 |
Volleyball in the United States is popular with both male and female participants of all ages. Almost all high schools and colleges in the United States have female volleyball teams, and most regions of the country have developmental programs for girls of all ages as well. While many areas of the country are forming male teams and development programs, there are still fewer opportunities for young male athletes to play volleyball in the United States than for young females.[1][2]
National teams
The United States men's national volleyball team has won three gold medals at the 1984, 1988 and 2008 Olympic Games, the 1986 FIVB World Championship, the 1985 and 2015 FIVB Volleyball World Cup, and the 2014 FIVB World League.
Meanwhile, the United States women's national volleyball team has won the 2014 FIVB World Championship and six editions of the FIVB World Grand Prix. Also, they finished second at the 1984, 2008 and 2012 Olympic Games, the 1967 and 2002 FIVB World Championship, the 2005 and 2013 FIVB World Grand Champions, and the 2011 FIVB World Cup
Professional volleyball
As a professional sport, volleyball has had limited success in the United States. Numerous attempts have been made to start professional indoor women's volleyball leagues. In 1987, the latest attempt went bankrupt due to lack of fan interest and hence advertiser interest. Two-man and two-woman professional beach volleyball leagues have done better, most notably the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP), but none have gained a wide following that would get them consistent coverage by the major television networks. In 2002, United States Professional Volleyball League was begun as a women's professional indoor league, but only lasted one season. In 2004 and again in 2005, NBC aired the Nissan Championship series, with Fox Sports carrying the majority of the season. Those trying to make beach volleyball succeed as a professional sport are trying to pattern it after professional tennis. Those seeking to make indoor volleyball a professional sport are trying to pattern it after professional basketball.
Premier Volleyball League
A new indoor professional league, the Premier Volleyball League (sanctioned by USA Volleyball), began in 2012. The league was launched by Steve Bishop, PVL Asst. Commissioner, of Florida. Tom Pingel (USA Volleyball) serves as the League Commissioner. In 2013 the PVL incorporated and launched a men's division.[3]
| Women's Tournament | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Team | Region | Founded | Results |
| Arizona Sizzle | Arizona | 2012 | 2012: 5th 2013: 11th 2014:11th 2015: 3rd |
| Cheasapeake Rising Tide | Chesapeake Bay (Maryland, Delaware, Washington D.C. and Virginia) | 2014 | 2014: 9th 2015: 7th |
| Florida Wave | Florida | 2012 | 2012: 5th 2013: Runners-up 2014: Runners-up 2015: 4th |
| Gateway | Gateway (Southern Illinois and eastern Missouri) | 2015 | 2015: 10th |
| Team GEVA | Garden Empire (New Jersey, most of New York, western Connecticut) | 2014 | 2014: 5th 2015: 13th |
| Great Lakes | Great Lakes (Illinois) | 2012 | 2012: 5th 2013: 7th 2014: 5th 2015: 5th |
| Team IE | Iroquois Empire (Northeast New York State) | 2015 | 2015: 11th |
| Iowa Ice | Iowa | 2012 | 2012: Runners-up 2013: Champions 2014: 3rd 2015: 6th |
| Lakeshore | Lakeshore (Michigan) | 2015 | 2015: 7th |
| New England Night Riders | New England | 2012 | 2012: 10th 2013: 10th 2014: 13th 2015: 13th |
| Team North Texas | North Texas | 2012 | 2012: 3rd 2013: 5th 2015: Champions |
| NorCal Wildfire | Northern California | 2012 | 2012: 5th 2013: 4th 2014: 11th 2015: 10th |
| SoCal Barricade | Southern California | 2016 | |
| Men's Tournament | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Team | Region | Founded | Results |
| Arizona Sizzle | Arizona | 2014 | 2014: 7th 2015: 4th |
| Badger Blizzards | Wisconsin | 2016 | |
| Cheasapeake Rising Tide | Cheasapeake (Maryland, Delaware, Washington D.C. and Virginia) | 2014 | 2014: Runners-up 2015: 7th |
| Florida Wave | Florida | 2013 | 2013: Champions 2014: 5th 2015: 5th |
| Team GEVA | Garden Empire (New Jersey, most of New York, western Connecticut) | 2014 | 2014: 9th 2015: 11th |
| Gateway | Gateway (Southern Illinois and eastern Missouri) | 2015 | 2015: 10th |
| Great Lakes | Great Lakes (Illinois) | 2013 | 2013: Runners-up 2014: Champions 2015: Runners-up |
| Team Pineapple | Hoosier (Indiana) | 2014 | 2013: Runners-up 2014:4th 2015: Champions |
| Iowa Icemen | Iowa | 2014 | 2014: 5th 2015: 11th |
| Team IE | Iroquois Empire (Northeast New York State) | 2014 | 2014: 11th 2015: 6th |
| Lakeshore | Lakeshore (Michigan) | 2015 | 2015: 9th |
| Penn Blast | Keystone (Pennsylvania) | 2014 | 2014: 3rd 2015: 3rd |
| New England Night Riders | New England | 2013 | 2013: 5th 2014: 11th 2015: 13th |
| Virginia Vibe | Old Dominion (Virginia) | 2015 | 2015: 7th |
| Norcal Premier | Northern California | 2013 | 2013: 4th 2014: 9th |
| SoCal Avalanche | Southern California | 2014 | 2014: 8th |
| Past teams | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Team | Region | Founded | Results |
| Badger Blizzards (Women) | Wisconsin | 2013 | 2013: 7th 2014:5th |
| Team Evergreen | Evergreen (Eastern Washington, northern Idaho and Montana) | 2012 | 2012: 11th 2013: 13th 2014:13th |
| Great Plains Tornados (Women) | Great Plains (Nebraska) | 2013 | 2013: 11th |
| Heart of America (Women) | Heart of America (Kansas, Missouri) | 2013 | 2013: 9th 2014: 5th |
| Hoosier Exterminators (Women) | Hoosier (Indiana) | 2012 | 2012: Champions 2013: 6th |
| Utah Unity (Women) | Intermountain (Utah and Southern Idaho) | 2012 | 2012: 4th |
| Carolina Flight (Women) | North Carolina | 2014 | 2014: 4th |
| Ohio Valley | Ohio Valley (Ohio, western Pennsylvania and West Virginia) | 2015 | 2015: 9th (W), 13th (M) |
| Pioneer Mayhem (Women) | Pioneer (Kentucky) | 2013 | 2013: 3rd |
| Sound Premier Volleyball Team (Women) | Puget Sound (Western Washington) | 2012 | 2012: 9th 2013: 13th 2014: 10th |
| Team Western Empire (Men) | Western Empire (Western New York) | 2013 | 2013: 3rd |
| Team Western Empire (Women) | Western Empire | 2012 | 2012: 9th 2013: 13th 2014: Champions 2015: Runner-ups |
College volleyball
Volleyball is a popular NCAA sport, mostly for women. In the 2013-14 school year, 1064 NCAA member schools, 329 of them in the top-level Division I, sponsored women's volleyball at the varsity level, with 16,647 participants across all three divisions.[4] At the same time, 109 schools in all three NCAA divisions combined sponsored varsity men's volleyball, with only 23 of them in Division I; the number of men's varsity volleyball players was less than one-tenth of women's participation (1,720 to 16,647).[5]
In 2012, NCAA sanctioned college beach volleyball (or, as the NCAA calls it, "sand volleyball") teams for women for the first time; 14 schools sponsored the sport, with slightly more than 200 participants.[4] Also in 2012, the NCAA established its first-ever men's Division III championship.
High school volleyball
High school volleyball is a fall sport for girls and spring sport for boys (except in a few states). Schools typically have a varsity and junior varsity team, and many schools also have freshman teams. Teams play in pre-season and season competition, generally followed by a post-season that includes a regional or sectional championship and often a state championship.
While each state governs its own high school volleyball competitions through their state athletic associations, most follow the lead of the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) for the governance of the sport. Most volleyball rules from state to state are basically the same in the United States. However, because of the individual associations, some minor changes and variations may occur. For example, the Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) may allow competition to be the best of five while the Kentucky High School Athletic Association (KHSAA) or the West Virginia Secondary School Activities Commission (WVSSAC) may only allow competition to be the best of three. Today, however, most state associations are now using the same guidelines and are also using rally scoring, the best-of-five competition format, and allowing the libero to serve. In addition, most states, if not all, have adopted the plain, white polo shirt for officials as opposed to the black and white striped shirt worn in the past.
Junior volleyball
Junior volleyball is played in the U.S. in many organizations such as churches, the YMCA and the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU), but the largest sponsoring organization is USA Volleyball, which oversees what is commonly referred to as "club volleyball" and hosts a Junior Olympic Championship each year.
In club volleyball, junior players develop their skills and knowledge of the game, usually with the purpose of playing for high school teams. Elite players also prepare for college volleyball. The club season typically lasts from the end of November until July, with the annual Junior Olympic Championships (JOs) taking place in late June, early July. Teams typically play tournaments throughout the season, establishing their ranking in the various regions and preparing for JOs or a season-ending tournament such as the Volleyball Festival, which claims to be the largest annual sporting event in the world.[6]
To qualify for JOs, teams must compete in JO Qualifiers, also referred to as National Qualifiers. There are nine qualifying tournaments across the country, to which teams travel to gain an invitation to JOs. Top teams attend these tournaments to earn their bids, and college coaches will attend to view the year's crop of players.
The club season, long considered a supplemental place for girls and boys to gain experience in preparation for their upcoming high-school seasons, is now an almost necessity to stay competitive in the local high schools. It is also extremely important in the college recruitment process, as most college seasons coincide with state high school seasons, causing the college coaches to miss the entire season. This time is made up during the club season when college coaches are able to travel to various tournaments and meet with club coaches, watch club players, and recruit for their teams.
Today
Volleyball is one of the most popular girls' sports, and strong high school and club programs are found throughout the country.[2] According to a 2012 survey by the National Federation of State High School Associations, volleyball is the third highest sport for female participation at the high school level behind basketball and outdoor track and field.[7] One of the biggest events in high school-age sports is the annual Volleyball Festival in Reno, Nevada, (formerly in Sacramento, California), which draws as many as 10,000 players and three thousand coaches for its five-day tournament.[8]
Boys' volleyball is popular on a regional basis, and by far the greatest number of boys' teams are in Southern California. However, on the national stage, boys' volleyball remains far less popular than the girls' game at the high school level, as borne out by the following statistics from the aforementioned NFHS survey:[7]
- For every boy currently competing in high school volleyball, more than eight girls are involved.
- While all states as well as the District of Columbia sanction girls' volleyball, a substantial majority of states do not sanction the boys' game. Only 23 states reported any participation in boys' volleyball, indicating that the sport is not sanctioned in other jurisdictions. Thirteen states reported participation of over 10,000 girls in high school volleyball, and a fourteenth (Indiana) fell less than 20 participants short of that mark. Of these states, six have no boys' high school volleyball—Texas (#1 in girls' participation), Michigan (#4), Minnesota (#8), Iowa (#10), Washington (#12), and Indiana (#14).
- Even those states that do sanction volleyball for both sexes typically have considerably fewer schools sponsoring the boys' game and thus fewer participants. Of the remaining eight high-participation girls' volleyball states, none had even half as many boys competing as girls. Even California, with more than 40,000 girls' players, had fewer than 16,000 boys' players (which still constituted nearly a third of all boys' players in the country).
In the four years from 2004 to 2008, high school participation in boys' volleyball rose by more than 15%, from about 42,000[9] to nearly 50,000.[1] However, since 2008, there has been essentially no growth in boys' volleyball participation.[7]
References
- 1 2 2008–09 High School Athletics Participation Survey (PDF). National Federation of High School Associations. . Downloadable from the NFHS site here.
- 1 2 Associated Press (AP) (2003-09-04). "High school sports participation at record high". CNN.com. Archived from the original on 2007-11-26. Retrieved 2007-06-28.
- ↑
- 1 2 "2013-14 Participation Study – Women's Sports" (PDF). NCAA Sports Sponsorship and Participation Rates Report, 1981–82 – 2013–14. NCAA. October 2014. p. 131. Retrieved February 22, 2015.
- ↑ "2013-14 Participation Study – Men's Sports" (PDF). NCAA Sports Sponsorship and Participation Rates Report, 1981–82 – 2013–14. NCAA. October 2014. p. 131. Retrieved February 22, 2015.
- ↑ http://www.volleyball-festival.com/About.tpl
- 1 2 3 2011–12 High School Athletics Participation Survey (PDF). National Federation of High School Associations. . Downloadable from the NFHS site here.
- ↑ "Youth sports go big time". Sacramento Business Journal.
- ↑ NFHS (2004–05). "High School Volleyball Participation". National Federation of High School Associations. Retrieved 2007-06-27. Check date values in:
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External links
National Governing Body
Collegiate
Beach
High School
Juniors
- Amateur Athletic Union (AAU)
- USA Volleyball's Regions
- Junior Volleyball Directors Association (JVDA)
Professional
Olympic Other
- American Volleyball Coaches Association
- VolleyCentral - Volleyball news in the U.S.
- Volleyball Magazine
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