Voltage sag

A voltage sag (U.S. English) or voltage dip (British English) is a short duration reduction in rms voltage which can be caused by a short circuit, overload or starting of electric motors.[1] A voltage sag happens when the rms voltage decreases between 10 and 90 percent of nominal voltage for one-half cycle to one minute.[1][2] Some references defines the duration of a sag for a period of 0.5 cycle to a few seconds,[3][4] and longer duration of low voltage would be called a "sustained sag".[3]

Related notions

The term "sag" should not be confused with brownout which is the reduction of voltage for minutes or hours.[5]

The term "transient" as used in power quality is an umbrella term and can refer to sags, but also to swells, dropouts etc.[6]

Swell

Voltage swell is the opposite of voltage sag. Voltage swell, which is a momentary increase in voltage, happens when a heavy load turns off in a power system.[7]

Causes

There are several factors which cause a voltage sag to happen:

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Bollen, Math H.J. (1999). Solving power quality problems : voltage sags and interruptions. New York: IEEE Press. p. 139. ISBN 978-0-7803-4713-7.
  2. "Industrial Voltage Regulator Power Conditioner". Utility Systems Technologies. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
  3. 1 2 Vijayaraghavan, G, Mark Brown and Malcolm Barnes (2004). Practical grounding, bonding, shielding and surge protection. Oxford: Newnes. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-08-048018-3.
  4. 1 2 Remus Teodorescu, Marco Liserre, Pedro Rodríguez (2011). Grid Converters for Photovoltaic and Wind Power Systems. Wiley-IEEE Press. ISBN 978-1-119-95720-1.
  5. Standler, Ronald B. (1989). Protection of electronic circuits from overvoltages. New York: Wiley. p. 40. ISBN 9780471611219.
  6. R. Sastry Vedam; Mulukutla S. Sarma (2008). Power Quality: VAR Compensation in Power Systems. CRC Press. p. 4-5 and 23. ISBN 978-1-4200-6482-7.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Kazibwe, Wilson E.; Sendaula, Musoke H. (1993). Electric power quality control techniques. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-442-01093-5.
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