William Turner Thiselton-Dyer

Sir William Turner Thiselton-Dyer KCMG FRS FLS (28 July 1843 – 23 December 1928) was a leading British botanist, and the third director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Life and career

Thiselton-Dyer was born in Westminster, London. He was a son of William George Thiselton-Dyer, physician and Catherine Jane, née Firminger, botanist. He was educated at King's College School where he was first mathematical scholar, and later proceeded to the medical department of King's College London, where he remained until 1863 when he proceeded to Christ Church, Oxford. Initially studying mathematics at Christ Church, Oxford, he graduated in natural science in 1867. He became Professor of Natural History at the Royal Agricultural College in Cirencester and then Professor of Botany at the Royal College of Science for Ireland in Dublin. In 1872, he became professor at the Royal Horticultural Society in London, being recommended by Joseph Dalton Hooker.

Then in 1875, Thiselton-Dyer was appointed Assistant Director at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, under Hooker, where he was to stay for thirty years. Thiselton-Dyer spent considerable time working for the benefit of the British colonies. He introduced rubber plantations to Sri Lanka and Malaya, and introduced cacao from Trinidad to plantations in Sri Lanka. In 1877, he was given charge of an international research laboratory, established at Kew with private funding, which became known as one of the best laboratories in Europe. Thiselton-Dyer also designed a new rock garden, after a bequest to Kew in 1881 of a large collection of Alpine plants.

Thiselton-Dyer was elected FRS in 1880. His proposers included Charles Darwin and George Bentham, but not Joseph Dalton Hooker, whose daughter Dyer had already married. From 1885 to 1905, after the retirement of Hooker, he was director of the Royal Botanic Gardens. Thiselton-Dyer proved to be an authoritarian director, with a disdainful attitude towards women. He snubbed Beatrix Potter, who had hoped to be a botanical artist in her younger days. Somewhat neglected by her parents, she had an uncle who was a chemist, and he encouraged her. She became interested in algae, fungi and lichen, and came to Kew with her botanical drawings. Thiselton-Dyer refused even to look at the drawings, and in disappointment she turned away from science. It would be 1967 before her watercolours were used to illustrate a field guide to the fungi and lichens of the British Isles.^[1]

Thiselton-Dyer was a fellow of the University of London from 1887 to 1890, Royal Commissioner to the Paris International Exhibition (1900) and to the St. Louis Exposition (1904), botanical adviser to the Secretary of State for the Colonies (1902–1906),^[2] and became a member of the court of the University of Bristol in 1909. His principal works are an English edition of Sachs Text-Book of Botany (1875), editions of the Flora Capensis and of the Flora of Tropical Africa, and Index Kewensis (1905).^[3] With his former school-friend Henry Trimen he published The Flora of Middlesex (1869).

He married Harriet Anne Hooker, daughter of Joseph Dalton Hooker, in 1877; they had one son and one daughter. She lived at Kew from birth until old age, surviving her husband and dying in 1946 aged 91, in her house near Bere Alston. Thiselton-Dyer was appointed KCMG in 1899, and awarded the Clarke Medal by the Royal Society of New South Wales in 1892. He died at The Ferns (now Crickley Court), Witcombe, a village near Gloucester, and is buried in the churchyard of St Peter's, Bentham.

References

1. Wakefield, Tom 2001. Liaisons of life: from hornworts to hippos, how the unassuming microbe has driven life. Wiley, London, Chapter 1.
2. The London Gazette: no. 27435. p. 3324. 20 May 1902.
3. Durand, Théophile; Benjamin Daydon Jackson, William Turner Thiselton-Dyer, David Prain, Arthur William Hill, Edward James Salisbury (1908). Index Kewensis plantarum phanerogamarum: Supplementum Tertium Nomina et Synonyma Omnium Generum et Specierum AB Initio Anni MDCCCCI Usque AD Finem Anni MDCCCCV Complectens (suppl.3 (1901-1905) ed.). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2008-05-27. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help)
4. "Author Query for 'Dyer'". International Plant Names Index.

• William Turner Thiselton-Dyer (1843-1928) at Royal Botanic gardens, Kew

External links

• Archival material relating to William Turner Thiselton-Dyer listed at the UK National Archives
• Correspondence to William Thiselton-Dyer as Director of The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew is being made available online through the Directors' Correspondence Project.